Poguli

Poguli
Native to	India
Region	Jammu
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Western Pahari or Dardic Poguli
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	pogu1238

Poguli or Pugali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Its area encompasses the Pogal and Paristan valleys, and currently falls within the boundaries of Ramban district's Pogal Paristan tehsil. Like its neighbours Sarazi and Rambani, Poguli is intermediate between Kahsmiri and Western Pahari.

The foreign writers have studied survey like Grierson,Bailey ,Peter hook and have mentioned in their reports.It is also mentioned in the linguistic survey of india as well. Pogal as it existed in 17th and 18th century and Poguli Dialect .The Rajwada or Kingdom vanshala before Dogra rule used to be a single administrative entity from Chounthan Paristan to “Rampadi” or “Kistwar Rund” in Chamalwas and spread over to Daing Bhattal area now Gool area. The Raja was directly under the control of the sovereign state of Kishtwar and was offering two pigeons to the Raja of Kishtwar annually. This was a symbolic gesture as a mark of acceptance of supremacy of the kingdom of Kishtwar. The area beyond Pogal includes the Neel and Paristan mountainous regions. Pogal is bordered on the east by Kishtwar, on the south by Ramban and Siraj in which different dialects are spoken. The Pogli speaking people are residing mainly to the south, south-east and south-west of Banihal. The Rajas were residing in a fort named vanshala at Kharwan which falls in present Village Dhanmasta, a part of Neel area. It is said that the whole area in seventeen and eighteen century was ruled by local khasha Lords. The Name of kingdom of vanshala was reportedly associated with the founder of this small kingdom Pogal paristan Seh. There were small local lords also who were controlling various localities under him also. The prominent among them was the local head from Chamalwas who was controlling the border defence from Chamalwas, Chapnari , "Chanjloo" now cald as "Toibabad" and Nowkote area of Banihal. In other parts also there were small local heads who were also called Rai. However, this source of information has percolated down verbally from our elders. In 1821, Gulab Singh conquered Kishtwar from Raja Tegh Mohammad Singh (alias Saifullah Khan) which marked the end of small kingdom of Pogal paristan also. This area was also brought under the direct control of Gulab Singh, the founder of Dogra rule. Zaildari Nazam was introduced and they were the representatives of the Dogras in the area. The authentic history of Pogli dialect is available in the literature at national level and also research work has been conducted by western linguist, most recently bt one Peter H Hook, a professor of Michigan University USA. As per Koul and Schmidt 1984, Poguli shares many linguistic features including 70% vocabulary with Kashmiri. The main villages where Poguli is spoken are Pogal, Paristan, Ukhral, Shaligad, Neel, Khari, Bingara, Senabhati, Ganoaut, Sarbagni, Shagan area, Chamalvas, Amkote, Tregam, Allanbass, Chunthan, Bamanhall pingloga bass , Maligam, Panchal, Kharvaan, Dradhi, Ramsu, Magarkot, Chanjloo now cald as Toibabad now cald as Toibabad abad and Phagu Nowkote area of Banihal, Kabhi, Bhatni, pernoat, Gugwal ,Maitra and many other small pockets of Ramban, Lar area of Gulabghar etc. Even now pogli speaking people have migrated to different place of erstwhile JK state viz Katra , chenane , udhampur, nagraota bhatindi,Sidra , Sujwaan,samba, Gandherbal, Islamabad etc etv .Grierson (1919) regards Poguli as the dialect of Kashmiri language. Sir George Grierson, an ICS officer and a renowned linguist, appointed by British Indian Government for conducting of linguistic survey of Indian languages and dialects has, no doubt, rendered monumental service to the cause of studies in Indian languages. The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. It started in 1894 and after a great and dedicated efforts, it took thirty years to accomplish the task. Finally the last results was published in 1928. As per Grierson (1919) and Kachru (1969), Kashmiri has four regional dialects namely Kishtwari, Pogli, Rambani and Siraji which are spoken outside the Kashmir Valley. Poguli has no written tradition and no published literature other than some folk songs printed locally. After the early sketches published in Bailey (1908) and Grierson (1919), it has received very little attention from linguists. In recent past some writers have made an effort to write prose and poetry in the said dialect but this has not been popularized in the manner it should have been. The issue related to the origin or genealogical classification of Kashmiri has been discussed at length by Grierson who has placed Kashmiri under the Dardic group of languages. He has classified Dardic languages under three major groups:- 1. The Kafir Group,2. The Khowar or Chitrali Group, and 3. The Dard Group. According to his classification, the Dardic Group includes Shina, Kashmiri, Kashtawari, Poguli, Siraji, Rambani, and Kohistani – the last comprising Garwi, Torwali and Maiya. It cannot be therefore recognized as a dialect of. Kashmiri. However, Kashtawari and Poguli probably are the only two regional dialects of Kashmiri spoken outside the valley of Kashmir13. The Rajwada or Kingdom Pogal before Dogra rule used to be a single administrative entity from Chounthan Paristan to “Rampadi” or “Kistwar Rund” in Chamalwas and spread over to Daing Bhattal area now Gool area. The Raja was directly under the control of the sovereign state of Kishtwar and was offering two pigeons to the Raja of Kishtwar annually. This was a symbolic gesture as a mark of acceptance of supremacy of the kingdom of Kishtwar. The area beyond Pogal includes the Neel and Paristan mountainous regions. Pogal is bordered on the east by Kishtwar, on the south by Ramban and Siraj in which different dialects are spoken. The Pogli speaking people are residing mainly to the south, south-east and south-west of Banihal. The Rajas were residing in a fort at Kharwan which falls in present Village Dhanmasta, a part of Neel area. It is said that the whole area in seventeen and eighteen century was ruled by local Rajas of Kishtwar. The Name of kingdom of Pogal was reportedly associated with the founder of this small kingdom Pogal Seh. There were small local lords also who were controlling various localities under him also. The prominent among them was the local head from Chamalwas who was controlling the border defence from Chamalwas, Chapnari , Chanjloo and Nowkote area of Banihal. In other parts also there were small local heads who were also called Rai. However, this source of information has percolated down verbally from our elders. In 1821, Gulab Singh conquered Kishtwar from Raja Tegh Mohammad Singh (alias Saifullah Khan) which marked the end of small kingdom of Pogal also. This area was also brought under the direct control of Gulab Singh, the founder of Dogra rule. Zaildari Nazam was introduced and they were the representatives of the Dogras in the area. The authentic history of Pogli dialect is available in the literature at national level and also research work has been conducted by western linguist, most recently bt one Peter H Hook, a professor of Michigan University USA. As per Koul and Schmidt 1984, Poguli shares many linguistic features including 70% vocabulary with Kashmiri. The main villages where Poguli is spoken are Pogal, Paristan, Ukhral, Shaligad, Neel, Khari, Bingara, Sinabhati, Gonout, Sarbagni, Shagan area, Chamalvas, Amkote, Tregam, Alan Bass, Chunthan, Nowgam, Maligam, Panchal, Kharvaan, Dradhi, Ramsu, Magarkot, Chanjloo and Phagu Nowkote area of Banihal, Kabhi, Bhatni, Maitra and many other small pockets of Ramban, Lar area of Gulabghar etc. Grierson (1919) regards Poguli as the dialect of Kashmiri language. Sir George Grierson, an ICS officer and a renowned linguist, appointed by British Indian Government for conducting of linguistic survey of Indian languages and dialects has, no doubt, rendered monumental service to the cause of studies in Indian languages. The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. It started in 1894 and after a great and dedicated efforts, it took thirty years to accomplish the task. Finally the last results was published in 1928. As per Grierson (1919) and Kachru (1969), Kashmiri has four regional dialects namely Kishtwari, Pogli, Rambani and Siraji which are spoken outside the Kashmir Valley. Poguli has no written tradition and no published literature other than some folk songs printed locally. After the early sketches published in Bailey (1908) and Grierson (1919), it has received very little attention from linguists. In recent past some writers have made an effort to write prose and poetry in the said dialect but this has not been popularized in the manner it should have been. The issue related to the origin or genealogical classification of Kashmiri has been discussed at length by Grierson who has placed Kashmiri under the Dardic group of languages. He has classified Dardic languages under three major groups:- 1. The Kafir Group,2. The Khowar or Chitrali Group, and 3. The Dard Group. According to his classification, the Dard Group includes Shina, Kashmiri, Kashtawari, Poguli, Siraji, Rambai, and Kohistani – the last comprising Garwi, Torwali and Maiya. It cannot be therefore recognized as a dialect of. Kashmiri. However, Kashtawari and Poguli probably are the only two regional dialects of Kashmiri spoken outside the valley of Kashmir13.

References

George Grierson 1919،LSI Vol 8 Bailey, T. G. (1908). The languages of the Northern

< Himalayas. London: Royal Asiatic Society.

< Bhat, R. (1987). A descriptive study of Kashmiri. Delhi: Amar Prakashan.

< Grierson, G. A. (1911). Standard manual of the Kashmiri language (Vol. 1) Grammar and <Phrase Book. Oxford (Referred Reprint by: Light & Life Publications, Jammu 1973).

< Grierson, G. A. (1919). The linguistic survey of India (Vol. VIII), Part (II). Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society. Reprinted Delhi: MotiLal Banarasidas (1968).

< Hook, P. E. (1987). Poguli syntax in the light of Kashmiri: A preliminary report. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 17(1), 63-71.

< Hook, P. E. & Koul, N. O. (1984). Pronominal suffixes and split ergativity in Kashmiri. Aspects of Kashmiri linguistics (12), 123-135.

< Kachru, B. B. (1969). A Reference grammar of Kashmiri. Urbana: University of Illinois.

< Kachru, Y. (2006). Hindi (Vol.12). John Benjamins Press.

< Kak, A. A. & Wani. N. H. (2013). Some aspects of Kashmiri Poguli comparison.

< International Journal of Advanced Research 1(2), 100-106.

< Koul, O. N. & Hook. P. E. (Eds.) (1984). Aspects of Kashmiri Linguistics (Vol. 12). New Delhi: Bahri Publications.

< Koul, O. N. (2005). Studies in Kashmiri Linguistics. Delhi: Indian Institute of Language Studies.

< Koul, O. N. (2006). Modern Kashmiri grammar. USA: Dunwoody Press.

< Koul, O. N. et al. (2012). A linguistic survey of Kashmiri dialects part II. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.

< Koul, O. N. (Ed.) (2014). People’s linguistic survey of India: The Languages of Jammu and Kashmir 12. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.

< Muneera, M. (2006). kᴐ:šričh kadi:m ti ehe:m bu:lj pougli:. Srinagar: Cultural Academy. Pei, M., & Gaynor, F. (1954). A dictionary of linguistics. Rowman & Littlefield.

< Sachdeva, R. et al. (2011). A Linguistic survey of Kashmiri dialects part I. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages. Wani, N. H. & Kak, A. A. (2014). Reduplication in Poguli. Interdisciplinary Journal of

Bibliography

• Kaul, Pritam Krishen (2006). Pahāṛi and Other Tribal Dialects of Jammu. Vol. 1. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers. ISBN 8178541017.