Operation Safe Homecoming

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Grey ship moving towards the camera
INS Mysore en route to Libya in 2011
Large, grey ship at dockside
INS Jalashwa in Mumbai before proceeding to Libya

Operation Safe Homecoming was an operation launched by the Indian government on 26 February 2011 to evacuate its citizens who were fleeing from the Libyan Civil War.[1][2] The air-sea operation was conducted by the Indian Navy and Air India.[2] The last such operation was during the 2006 Lebanon War, when the Indian Navy and Air India were used in Operation Sukoon; before that, India evacuated 111,711 nationals after the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.[2][3][4]

Background[edit]

The Libyan Civil War began as a series of protests and confrontations in the North African state of Libya against the government and its leader, Muammar Gaddafi. The social unrest began on 15 February 2011, and became a civil war which continued until 23 October of that year. The unrest was attributed to uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, connecting it to the wider Arab Spring.[5] According to NBC News chief foreign correspondent Richard Engel, who reached the city of Tobruk on 22 February, "The protest movement is no longer a protest movement, it's a war. It's open revolt."[6] That day, The Economist described the events as an "uprising that is trying to reclaim Libya from the world's longest-ruling autocrat."[7] Gaddafi blamed the uprising on al-Qaeda and "drugged kids".[8]

Operation[edit]

Eighteen thousand Indian nationals working in Libya were trapped because of the unrest.[2] Evacuation appeared to be difficult due to "chaos" at the central airport in Tripoli,[9] a "destroyed" runway at Benina International Airport,[10] and the temporary closure of Libyan ports.[11]

India ordered three naval ships—two destroyers (the INS Mysore, and INS Aditya)[12] and its largest amphibious vessel, the INS Jalashwa—to sail from Mumbai to Libya on 26 February.[13][14] It chartered the 1,200-seat MV Scotia Prince[2] and the 1,600-seat La Superba,[2] based in Sicily, to sail to Libya as soon as port preparations were completed. The MV Scotia Prince set sail from Port Said on 26 February, and reached Benghazi two days later.[2] The navy and charter ships evacuated passengers from Tripoli and Benghazi to Alexandria, and Air India flew the passengers from Egypt to India.[15] Although the naval ships reached the Libyan coast by 8 March,[16] much of the evacuation had already been carried out by the chartered ships and aircraft.[17] The Indian government announced that the evacuation would be free of charge.[18]

After Libyan authorities gave India permission to land in Tripoli,[18] two Air India planes (a Boeing 747 and an Airbus 330) flew 500 passengers to New Delhi and Mumbai from Tripoli.[2] Additional landing rights were requested for flights from Sabha Airport, where about 1,000 people were awaiting evacuation.[19] In addition to Sabha, India was given permission to land planes at Sirte[20] where another 1,000 Indians awaited evacuation.[21] On 2 March, the Indian government ordered all private airlines to fly one flight each to Libya. The following day, two carriers (Jet Airways and Kingfisher Airlines)[22] flew Indian nationals who had been ferried to Malta from the Luqa airport. On 3 March, an Indian Air Force Il-76 plane flew Indians to Cairo from Sirte.[19]

Several Indian citizens had been crossing Libya into neighbouring countries overland. Some reached Sallum, Egypt from Tobruk and were met at the border by Indian embassy officials, who arranged a flight to Mumbai.[12] Eighty-eight Indian citizens entered Tunisia at Ras Ajdir.

Aftermath[edit]

On 5 March 2011, the Indian government announced that the evacuation would be completed by 10 March.[23] After the evacuation of more than 15,000 Indian nationals, the operation ended on 11 March.[24] About 3,000 Indian citizens decided to remain in Libya.[24]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Report - Indian Ministry of External Affairs. Government of India Press. 2011. p. xi. As the situation deteriorated, a multi-pronged evacuation of Indian nationals, by air, sea, and land route, was started under Operation'safe Homecoming on 26 February 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 "India unveils Operation Safe Homecoming, thousands on way". Sify News. 2011-02-27. Archived from the original on 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  3. ↑ Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1. Encyclopædia Britannica India Pvt Ltd. 2000. p. 35. ISBN 9780852297605.
  4. ↑ The Guinness book of records 1999. Guinness. 2000. p. 192. ISBN 9780851120706.
  5. ↑ Shadid, Anthony (18 February 2011). "Libya Protests Build, Showing Revolts' Limits". The New York Times. Cairo. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  6. ↑ Engel, Richard (22 February 2011). "In Libya it's 'open revolt'". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  7. ↑ "The Economist, "Time to Leave – A correspondent reports from the border between Libya and Egypt"". The Economist. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  8. ↑ Harvey, Benjamin; Mazen, Maram; Derhally, Massoud A. (25 February 2011). "Qaddafi's Grip on Power Weakens on Loss of Territory". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 February 2011. Qaddafi, speaking by telephone on state television yesterday, blamed the uprising against his 41-year rule on 'drugged kids' and al-Qaeda.
  9. ↑ ANP (2011-02-01). "Vliegtuig geland, niet alle Nederlanders op vliegveld – VK Dossier: Onrust in het Midden-Oosten" (in Dutch). Volkskrant. Retrieved 2011-02-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ↑ "Unruhen: Westen holt Staatsbürger aus Libyen". Die Zeit.de. 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
  11. ↑ "Libyan unrest leads to total port closures – Port Technology International". Archived from the original on 2018-08-17. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Libya unrest: Over 500 Indians return, more arriving amid tales of woe". Economic Times. 2011-02-27. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  13. ↑ "Navy decides to despatch 3 naval warships to Libya". MSN News. 2011-02-24. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  14. ↑ "Naval ships to bail out Indians stranded in Libya". The Times of India. 2011-02-27. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  15. ↑ "Indian Navy sending 3 ships to evacuate Indians from Libya". NDTV. 2011-02-24. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  16. ↑ "IAF joins effort to bring back Indians in Libya". The Times of India. 2011-03-04. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
  17. ↑ "Indian warships not needed for evacuation from Libya". The Times of India. 2011-03-10. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "India begins Libya evacuations today". Zee News. 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "India begins Libya evacuations today". The Times of India. 2011-03-01. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  20. ↑ "4500 Indians rescued from Libya". India Today. 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  21. ↑ "Naval ships to bail out Indians stranded in Libya". Times of India. 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
  22. ↑ "Private airlines told to pitch in with Libya evacuation". Times of India. 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
  23. ↑ "India to complete 'Operation Safe Homecoming' by March 10: Preneet Kaur". Sify News. 2011-03-04. Archived from the original on 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Mission Libya". The Telegraph. 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2011-03-10.

Template:2011 Libyan civil war

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