This is a list of United Nations peacekeeping missions since the United Nations was founded in 1945, organized by region, with the dates of deployment, the name of the related conflict, and the name of the UN operation.
Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development.
The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorises regional organisations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions. In modern times, peacekeeping operations have evolved into many different functions, including diplomatic relations with other countries, international bodies of justice (such as the International Criminal Court), and eliminating problems such as landmines that can lead to new incidents of fighting.
Completed missions (61)[edit | edit source]
Africa[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960–1964 | United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) | Template:Country data Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) | Congo Crisis | [1] |
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I) |  Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [2] |
| 1989–1990 | United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) |  Namibia
|
Namibian War of Independence | [3] |
| 1991–1995 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [4] |
| 1992–1994 | United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) |  Mozambique
|
Mozambican Civil War | [5] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Somalia | Somali Civil War | [6] |
| 1993–1997 | United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) |  Liberia
|
First Liberian Civil War | [7] |
| 1993–1994 | United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) | File:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg Rwanda | Rwandan Civil War | [8] |
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing Uganda | ||||
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) | File:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg Rwanda | Rwandan Civil War | [9] |
| 1993–1995 | United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Somalia | Somali Civil War | [10] |
| 1994 | United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG) |  Chad
|
Aouzou Strip dispute | [11] |
.svg){kind=small} Libya
| ||||
| 1995–1997 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [12] |
| 1997–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) | Angola
|
Angolan Civil War | [13] |
| 1998–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) |  Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone Civil War | [14] |
| 1998–2000 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Central African Republic | Central African Republic mutinies | [15] |
| 1999–2005 | United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) | Sierra Leone
|
Sierra Leone Civil War | [16] |
| 2000–2008 | United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) |  Eritrea
|
Eritrean–Ethiopian War | [17] |
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing Ethiopia | ||||
| 2004–2007 | United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) |  Burundi
|
Burundi Civil War | [18] |
| 1999–2010 | United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) |  Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Second Congo War | [19][20] |
| 2007–2010 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) | Chad Error creating thumbnail: File missing Central African Republic |
Darfur Conflict, Civil war in Chad (2005–2010) | [21] |
| 2005–2011 | United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Sudan | Second Sudanese Civil War | [22] |
| 2003–2004 | United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Côte d'Ivoire | First Ivorian Civil War | [23] |
| 2004–2017 | United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Côte d'Ivoire | First Ivorian Civil War | [24] |
| 2003–2018 | United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) | Liberia
|
Second Liberian Civil War | [25] |
| 2007–2020 | United Nations/African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Sudan | War in Darfur | [26] |
Americas[edit | edit source]
1. ^ Shown are the flags of the five countries in which ONUCA operated. They are in this order (sorted alphabetically): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Asia[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1950 | United Nations Commission for Indonesia (UNCI) | Template:Country data Dutch East Indies | Transfer of sovereignty over Dutch East Indies | [38] |
 Indonesia
| ||||
| 1962–1963 | United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF) | Template:Country data Netherlands New Guinea | Transfer of sovereignty over West New Guinea | [39] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 1965–1966 | United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) |  Pakistan
|
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | [40] |
 India
| ||||
| 1988–1990 | United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Afghanistan | Soviet–Afghan War | [41] |
| Pakistan
| ||||
| 1991–1992 | United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) | Template:Country data State of Cambodia | Conflict in Cambodia | [42] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) | Template:Country data United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia | Conflict in Cambodia | [43] |
| 1994–2000 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) |  Tajikistan
|
Tajikistan Civil War | [44] |
| 1999 | United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) |  East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [45] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 1999–2002 | The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) | East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [46] |
| Indonesia
| ||||
| 2002–2005 | United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) | East Timor
|
Indonesian invasion of East Timor | [47] |
| 2006–2012 | United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) | East Timor
|
2006 East Timorese crisis | [48] |
1. ^ Shown are the flags of the newly independent East Timor and its former occupier, Indonesia (in that order).
Europe[edit | edit source]
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1. ^ This mission operated within former Yugoslav successor states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). The flags are shown in this order.
2. ^ Prevlaka Peninsula was claimed by both Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the flags are shown in this order. Upon resolution, all parties accepted Croatia's claim to the territory.
Middle East[edit | edit source]
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Current missions (12)[edit | edit source]
Africa[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Morocco | Western Sahara conflict | [64] |
| Template:Country data Sahrawi Republic | ||||
| 2010 | United Nations Organisation Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) | Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
Kivu conflict | [65] |
| 2011 | United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Sudan | Abyei conflict | [66] |
| 2011 | United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing South Sudan | Ethnic violence in South Sudan South Sudanese Civil War |
[67] |
| 2013 | Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA)[lower-alpha 1] |  Mali
|
Northern Mali conflict | [68] |
| 2014 | United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Central African Republic | Central African Republic Civil War | [69] |
Asia[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) | India
|
Kashmir conflict | [70] |
| Pakistan
|
Europe[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Cyprus | Cyprus dispute | [71] |
| Template:Country data Northern Cyprus | ||||
| 1999 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Serbia | Kosovo War | [72] |
 Kosovo
|
Middle East[edit | edit source]
| Dates of operation | Name of operation | Location | Conflict | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) | Middle East | (Monitors the various ceasefires and assists UNDOF and UNIFIL) | [73] |
| 1974 | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) | Error creating thumbnail: File missing Israel | Agreed withdrawal by Syrian and Israeli forces following the Yom Kippur War. | [74] |
| File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria | ||||
 Lebanon
| ||||
| 1978 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) | Lebanon
|
Israeli invasion of Lebanon and 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict | [75] |
1. ^ The United Nations and all foreign governments but Turkey recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, whose flag is shown first, over the whole island of Cyprus. The second flag is that of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state, by virtue of controlling the northern third of the island, which is recognised only by Turkey.
2. ^ The first flag is the flag of Serbia, used by Republic of Serbia which claims sovereignty over Kosovo. The second is the flag of the Republic of Kosovo which is in de facto control over the territory. Template:Numrec UN member countries. For more information see Kosovo.
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of non-UN peacekeeping missions
- Peacekeeping
- Timeline of UN peacekeeping missions
- Human Rights in United Nations missions
Notes[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Analysis: What's next for Mali after MINUSMA withdrawal?". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- See individual mission websites with their listing.