List of Indic loanwords in Indonesian

Main article: List of loanwords in Indonesian

Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit, the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem, and its status is comparable with that of Latin in English and other Western European languages. Sanskrit is also the main source for neologisms; these are usually formed from Sanskrit roots. For example, the name of Jayapura city (former Hollandia) and Jayawijaya Mountains (former Orange Range) in the Indonesian province of Papua were coined in the 1960s; both are Sanskrit origin name to replace its Dutch colonial names. Some Indonesian contemporary medals of honor and awards, such as Bintang Mahaputra medal, Kalpataru award and Adipura award, are also Sanskrit derived names.

The loanwords from Sanskrit cover many aspects of religion, art and everyday life. The Sanskrit influence came from contacts with India long ago before the 1st century. The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are Sanskrit loanwords. Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.

There are some rules of forming loans from Sanskrit: s, ṣ, and ś merge to single s; v changes to w, and the original aspiration, retroflexion, and vowel length is lost (most similar to some earliest stages of Insular Indic, including the ancestor of Sinhala, Elu).

Loanwords

Indonesian Word	Indonesian Meaning	Sanskrit Word	Sanskrit Transcription	Sanskrit Meaning	Note
	clear mining product, such as glass, mica	अभ्रक	abhraka	talc, mica
	event, item in a programme	आचार	ācāra	custom, practice, behaviour
	sometimes	यदा काल	yada-kāla	yada: from time to time, kala: time	lit. whenever-time
adi- (b.m.)	ultimate (poetic)	आदि	adi	infinite, primitive, beginning,
	ideology	अधि चित्त	adhi citta	above, beside thinking, aim, reason
	powerful, rampant	अधिकार	adhikāra	supremacy, authority
	masterpiece	अधि कार्य	adhi kārya	above, beside work, oeuvre, product
	superpower	अधि वश	adhi vaśa	above, beside power, control, dominion
	great road	अधि मार्गः	adhi mārgaḥ	above, beside road
	noble (title), local government	अधि पति	adhi pati	above, beside govern
	High king	अधि राज	adhi raja	above, beside king
	great jewel	अधि रत्न	adhi ratna	above, beside jewel
	honor student, valedictorian	अधि शिष्यः	adhi śiṣyah	above, beside student
	hero, protagonist	अधि	adhi	above, beside	tokoh means character.
	great nation, nobleman	अधि वंश	adhi vaṁśa	above, beside lineage, dynasty	see bangsa.
	very beautiful, very good	अधि वर्ण	adhi varṇa	above, beside color
	religion	आगम	āgama	traditional doctrine, sacred teaching
	grand, great		agūṁ	grand	see adi-
	not injuring anything	अहिंसा	ahiṃsā	not injuring anything
ajnabi (arch.)	stranger (classic word)	अज्ञाति	ajñāti	not a kinsman, not related	अज्ञ (ajñā) = unknown.
	letter	अक्षर	akṣara	letter
	negligent	अल्प	alpa	small, minute
	immortal, eternal, unforgotten	अमृत	amṛta	immortal, drink of the gods
	endless, infinity	अनन्त	ananta	Ananta
	multifarious, varied, all sorts	अनेक	aneka	many, various	a- (not), eka (one)
	variety show	अनेक ग्रामः	aneka-rāgam	various scale
	multi-colored	अनेक वर्ण	aneka-varṇa	various color
	limb, member	अङ्गता	aṅga-jāḥ	born from the body, limbs, member
	numerical figure	अङ्क	aṅka	numerical constant
	insolence, cruel	अहंकार	ahaṁ-kāra	ego, pride-maker
	sky	आकाश	ākāśa	sky
	astronaut	आकाश वन	ākāśa-vān	the sky + having; possessing
	goose	हंस	haṁsa	swan
	Pterocarpus indicus	असन	asana	Terminalia Tomen Indica
	maltreatment, abuse, injustice, tyranny	अन्याय	anyāya	sinful activities, mischief
	among, (in) between	अन्तर्	antar	among, between, in the middle
	outer space	अन्तरिक्ष	antarikṣa	the middle of the three spheres or regions of life atmosphere or space deity
	award, honour, grace	अनुग्रह	anugraha	to bestow blessings, compassion
	posthumous, posthumous military award for achievement	अनुमृत्	anumṛt	dying after, following in death
	nasal sound, especially nasal consonants	अनुस्वारः	anusvāra	nasal sound, see anusvara
	meaning	अर्थ -	artha krti	meaning understanding	for example, अर्थकथा (arthakathā) = explaining meanings.
	1. title for high official in Java in the past 2. ancestor of Indian, Persian and European	आर्य	ārya	(honourable) man, master	see Aryan
	hope	आशा	āśā	hope
	1. foot position (representing the deva) 2. chair, throne	आसन	āsana	sitting (according peculiar pose to the custom of devotees), see asana
	love, passion	स्मरः	smaraḥ	love
	dormitory	आश्रम	āśrama	religious order, college, hermitage
asta- (b.m.)	eight	अष्ट	aṣṭa	eight
	or	अथवा	athavā	alternatively, or, either
	soul, life	आत्मन्	ātman	breath, life, spirit, soul	see atman
	read	वाच्	vāc	words, talk
	as if, like	भग	bhaga	good fortune
	for, give	भाग	bhāga	(to) divide
	majesty	भाग्य	bhāgya	good fortune	+ -nda: Austronesian suffix
	fine, good, exemplary	भग	bhaga	good fortune, happiness, welfare
	blissful, lucky, blessed, happy	भाग्य	bhāgya	good fortune, luck, happiness
	language	भाषा	bhāṣā	sign, description
	danger	भय	bhaya	fear
	ship	वहित्र	vahitra	a boat, ship
	shoulder	बाहु	bāhu	arm
bahu- (b.m.)	many	बहु	bahu	many
	that (conj.)	भव	bhava	become, state of being
	opal (gem)	वैडूर्य	vaiḍūrya	cat's eye (gem)
	steel, strong metal	वाज	vāja	strength
	homage, devotion, service etc.	भक्ति	bhakti	bhakti
	disaster, calamity; also means help, assist	बल	bala	power, strength, force
bangsa	nation, race	वंश	vaṁśa	lineage, dynasty	see vaṃsa
	noble	वंश वन	vaṁśa-vān	of the dynasty + having, possessing
	sea god	वरुण	varuṇa	Varuna
	eliminate, destroy	भस्मन्	bhasman	devour, consume, pulverize (to ashes)
	an area measurement unit, 7.096 m²	बाहु	bāhu	arm
	wind (poetic)	वायु	vāyu	Vayu: Hindu god of wind
	vessel	भजनम्	bhajanam
	defend	वेला	velā	time-limit, boundary, interval
	merely	बालक	bālaka	young
	jungle	वनान्तर	vanāntara	(interior of a) forest
	youth	बाल्य	bālya	childhood age, infancy
	disaster, calamity	वञ्चन	vañcana	deception
	object	भाण्ड	bhāṇḍa	goods
	treasurer	भाण्डार	bhāṇḍāra	store, storehouse
	passionate love	विरहिन्	virahin	separated (especially from beloved person)
	idol, image of a god	भट्टार	bhaṭṭāra	lord
	news	वृत्त	vṛttá	news	see warta.
	clever (vast of knowledge)	विस्तारिन्	vistārin	extending, large, broad
	monastery	विहार	vihāra	Buddha or Jaina convent	see wihara.
	male monasticism	विहारवन	vihāra van	Buddha or Jaina convent -man	see wihara.
	habitual, usual, ordinary	अभ्यास	abhyāsa	habit, repetition, custom, practice
	expense	व्यय	vyaya	loss, expense, spending
	speak	विचार	vicāra	discussion, consideration
	apsara, nymph, lesser female deities	विद्याधरी	vidyādhari	fairy, sylph, (fem.) bearer of knowledge
	midwife	विद्वान	vidvān	wise, vidwan	vidvān: nom. masc. of vidvant
	seed	बीजं	bījaṃ	seed	classical word, for the modern one see biji.
	clever, wise	विचक्ष् विचक्षण	vicakṣ vicakṣana	vicakṣ: to see distinctly
	clever, wise	विचक्षण	vicakṣaṇa	clever, wise, experienced
	seed	बीजं	bījaṃ	seed
	bhikkhu	भिक्षु	bhikṣu	beggar, bhikkhu
	bhikkhuni	भिक्षु	bhikṣu	beggar, bhikkhuni
	when	वेला	vela	time
	to build	भिन्न	bhinna	different, fresh, new
	bodybuilding	भिन्न	bhinna		from combined words bina: to build and raga: body
	die, death, destroyed	विनाश	vināśa	destruction
	venom, malice	विष	viṣa	poison	bisa also means can, able, potent
	food	भोग	bhōga	object of enjoyment (such as food), eating
	world (poetic)	भुवन	bhuvana	world, earth, place of being
	culture	बुद्धि दय	buddhi daya	combination of boddhi: virtue and dhaya: power. give, move, protect
	reason, virtue	बुद्धि	buddhi	intellect, discernment, judgment
	kind, wise	बुद्धिमान	buddhimān	nom. of buddhi
	scholar	भुजंग	bhujaṅga	snake, dissolute friend of prince
	proof	भुक्ति	bhukti	enjoyment, fruition, possession
	earth	भूमि	bhūmi	land
	head of second level administrative area in Indonesia	भूमिपति	bhūpati	lord of the earth	see bumi and patih
	clothing	भूषण	bhūṣaṇa	ornament, decoration
	Capsicum sp. (Chili Peppers)	चवि	cavi	Piper chaba (Pepper)
	light	छाया	chāyā	lustre, light
	disk, sphere etc. Chakra	चक्र	chakra	wheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
	disk, sphere etc. disc in discus throw	चक्र	chakra	wheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
	horizon	चक्रवाल	cakravāla	mythical mountains at the edge of light and dark, horizon
	joke	छन्द	chanda	pleasing, alluring, lovely, delightful
	temple	चण्डिका	caṇḍika	another manifestation of Durga as goddess of death
	1. opium (Papaver somniferum) 2. favorite, hobby	छन्दु	chandu	pleasing
	moon (poetic), lunar	चन्द्र	candra	Chandra: Hindu moon god
	crater (poetic)	चन्द्र मुख	candra mukha	lunar surface
	shell	शङ्ख	śaṅkha	winged shell attribute of Vishnu, shell
	way, style, customs	चारी	cāra	course, way
	search, look for	चारी	cārī	particular step
	chess	चतुर चतुरंगं	catura caturaṃgaṃ	swift, quick, dexterous, clever, skilful chess
catur- (b.m.)	quad-	चतुर्	chatur	quad-
	injury	छिद्र	chidra	defect
	mishap	छलक	chalaka	delusive
	Magnolia sp.	चंपक	campaka	Magnolia sp.
cendala (classical)	lowly, bad person	चण्डाल	caṇḍāla	outcaste
	Santalum album	चन्दन	candana	Santalum album
	Paradisaeidae (bird-of-paradise)	चन्द्र	candra	Chandra: Hindu moon god
	1. clean, holy, pure 2. shining, clear, 3. word expression during monarch accession (archaism)	चर्य	carya	due observance of all rites and customs, proceeding
	story	चरित	carita	narration, story	e.g. Buddhacarita
	digest	जीर्ण	jīrṇa	old, digested, decayed
	love	चिन्ता	cintā	thought (fem.)
	create	चित्त	citta	thinking, aim, reason
	hope, idea, future goals	चित्त	citta	thinking, aim, reason
	delicious	चित्त रस	citta rasa	thinking, aim, reason flavor, taste
	image	चित्र	citra	picture	(Hindi, Sanskrit)
	pixel	चित्र	citra	picture	singular form back-formation of "citra"
cuci	clean	शुचि	śuci	clean, pure, correct
	vinegar	चुक्र	cukra	vinegar
	steal	चोर	cōra	thief, robber
	suspicious	छुरिका	churikā	knife
	thirst	धागा	dhāgā	string, thread
	donation, funds	दान	dāna	donation, gift, oblation, paying back
	duty, good deeds (i.e. charity), truth etc.	धर्म	dharma	Dharma
	decade	दशन् वर्ष	daśan varṣa	ten year, rain
	power	दया	dayā	compassion, mercy
	fine, punishment	दण्ड	daṇḍa	punishment
	alms giving	धर्म	dharma	good works, justice
	village	देशा	deśa	place, spot, region, country
	god	देव	deva	god
	godness	देवता	devata	deity
	goddess	देवी	devī	goddess
dina (classical)	day	दिनं	dinaṃ	day
dina (b.m.)	poor	दीन	dīna	poor	only in hina dina (phr.)
dirgahayu	long live	दीर्घ आयु	dīrgha āyu	long age	āyuṣā = with a life span
	sin	दोष	doṣa	fault; vice
	guess, estimate	दुघ	dugha	yielding
	sadness	दुःख	duḥkha	pain, sorrow, affliction, distress, unhappiness, difficulty, trouble
	before, first, past	ढालू	ḍhālū	sloping, slant
	incense	धूप	dhūpa	incense, see dhupa
	envoy	दूत	dūta	messenger, envoy, ambassador, negotiator
	evil, wicked, malicious	दुर्जन	durjana	bad man, villain, scoundrel malicious, wicked
	lie	दुष्ट	duṣṭā	wrong, false, guilty
dwi (b.m.)	two, bi-	द्वि	dvi	two, bi-
eka (b.m.)	one, mono-	एक	eka	one, mono-
	elephant	गज	gaja	elephant
	gate	गोपुरं	gōpuraṃ	gate	lit. city way (way + city)
	garuda	गरुड़	garuḍa	garuda
	stylish, fashionable	गय	gaya	wealth, property
	dark	गलित	galita	waning, lost, perished
	shepherd, herder	गोपाल	gopāla	cowherd, earth protector
	bell	घण्ट	ghaṇṭa	bell
	building, office, house, etc.	गृह	gṛha	house
	eclipse	ग्रहण	grahaṇa	seizure, possession, eclipse
	song (poetic)	गीत	gīta	singing, song
	cave	गुहा	gūḥa	burrow, cave
	utilize, use, purpose	गुण	guṇa	quality, attribute
	teacher, guru	गुरुः	guru	teacher
	servant, slave	हम्बा	hambā	the lowing of cattle
	cost, price, value	अर्घ	argha	price
	asset	अर्थः	arthaḥ	wealth
	forearm (measurement unit)	हस्तः	hastaḥ	hand
	lowly, inferior	हीन	hīna	small, lesser, petty, deficient, left, blamable
hina dina (phr.)	inferior and poor, unworthy, very inferior	हीन दीन	hīna dīna	lesser, etc. poor
	health	औषधं	auṣadhaṃ	medicine	as in panti husada, health center.
	sense (organs)	इन्द्रिय	indriya	sense (organs)
	palace	आस्थान	āsthāna	place, site
	wife	स्त्री	strī	wife (lit. bearer of children)
	awake, guard	जागृ जागर	jāgṛ jāgara	to watch over, awake
	universe	जगत्	jagat	world, universe
	attorney	अध्यक्ष	adhyakṣa	inspector, superintendent
	net, casting net	जाल	jāla	net
	hour, clock	याम	yāma	time
	Myrtaceae	जम्बु	jambu	Myrtaceae
	incantation	जप	japa	muttering, whispering (prayer)
	widow	रण्डा	raṇḍā	widow	see randa.
	merit, service, etc.	यशस् व्यास	yaśas vyāsa	worth, glory; service
	Tectona grandis (Teak)	जाति	jāti	Jasminum grandiflorum
	Java, Javanese	यव	yava	barley, grain	On Java context, it means rice or paddy.
	glorious	जय	jaya	conquest, victory, triumph
	common people	जनता	janata	a number of men, assemblage of people, community, subjects, mankind
	lovely	ललित	lalita	lovely, charming, favourite, liked
	incarnation, to become, to turn into	जन्म	janma	birth
	spinning, wheel	यन्त्र	yantra	instrument
	life, soul, sanity	जीव	jīva	(personal) soul
	million	अयुत	ayuta	ten thousand, myriad
	very rich	अयुत वन	ayuta+vān	ten thousand + having, possessing
	glass	काच	kāca	glass
	glasses, spectacles	काच	kāca	glass
	time	काल	kāla	time
	defeat	कलह	kalaha	quarrel, fight
	if	काल	kāla	time
	time(s), in mathematics	काल	kāla	time
	1. tree of life and hope, 2. environmental award from government of Indonesia	कल्पतरु	kalpataru	wishing or wonder tree, see Kalpavriksha
	Plumeria acuminata	काम्बोज	kāmboja	1. related to Kámbója, 2. Rottlera tinctoria, 3. white mimosa, 4. Gunja
	lens	सूर्य्यकान्त कान्त	sūryyakānta kānta	sun-crystal, crystal lens precious stone
	cotton	कर्पास	karpāsa	cotton
	because	कारण	kāraṇa	cause
	1. personal work in world 2. law of causality	कर्म	karma	karma
	initiative, will	कर्ष	karṣa	pulling, obtaining, mastering (√kṛṣ)
	star (poetic)	कृत्तिका कार्त्तिक	kṛttikā kārttika	Pleiades, corresponding month (Oct-Nov)
	blessing	करुण	karuṇa	compassion
	work, oeuvre, product	कार्य	kārya	work	see kerja.
	Tapeinochilos ananassae	कस्तूरी	kastūrī	1. musk, 2. Hibiscus abelmoschus, 3. Amaryllis zeylanica
	cassowary	कास्सोवारिस्	kās'sōvāris	cassowary
	word	कथा	kathā	speech, talk, story
	a hundred thousand	कोटि	koṭi	ten million
	quarrel, fight	कलह	kalaha	quarrel, fight
	Indian, black-skinned	कालिङ्ग	kāliṅga	related to Kalinga
	family	कुल वर्ग	kula varga	kula: family, race, tribe or caste, kin. varga: group	see also, warga.
	jade, gemstone	कोमल	komala	gracious, charming
	gold, golden, grand, glorious	काञ्चन	kāñcana	gold
	water-pitcher	कुण्ड कुण्डी	kuṇḍa kuṇḍī	jar, pitcher	kuṇḍī: fem. form of kuṇḍa
	head	कपाल	kapāla	skull, cranium
	coffin	करण्ड	karaṇḍa	basket, box
	work	कार्य	kārya	the work, the manifest products	see karya.
	moment, when	घट	ghaṭa	G'har'í or Indian clock
	become more, as much (many) as	कियत्	kiyān	how much
	1. ray (lit.) 2. beautiful	किरण	kiraṇa	ray of light
	vocabulary	कोश कथा	kośa kathā	kośa:dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary kata: speech, talk, story
	city, town	कोट्ट	koṭa	stronghold
	1. action 2. sport	क्रीडा	krīḍā	sport, play, amusement
	warrior, knight	क्षत्रिय	kṣatriya	military, reigning, princely caste, supremacy
	power	वश	vaśa	power, control, dominion
	strong	उत्ताल	uttāla	strong
	horse	घोटकः	ghōṭakaḥ	horse
	pot	कुंभ	kuṃbha	pot, jar
	key	कुञ्चिका	kuñcikā	key
	saffron	कुंकुम	kuṅkuma	saffron
	mercy	कारुण्य	kāruṇya	compassion, praiseworthy, excellent
	leprosy	कुष्ठ	kuṣṭha	leprosy
	flower	कुसुम	kusuma	flower, blossom, bud
	gourd	अलाबु	alābu	gourd
	song	लघु	laghu	gentle (sound)
	ten thousand	लक्ष	lakṣa	ten thousand, lakh
	1. like, as if 2. good sign (classical)	लक्षण	lakṣaṇa	indirect indication, favourable mark
	admiral	लक्ष्मण	lakṣmaṇa	Lakshmana
	beautiful, Lakshmi	लक्ष्मी	lakṣmī	Lakshmi, beautiful
	crawling, creeping animal (usually snake)	लता	latā	creeping plants, see vine
	door, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.), Nutmeg (Myristica sp.)	लवंग	lavaṅga	Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
	graceful movement, elegant	लीला	līlā	play
	sleep soundly	लीन	līna	lying or resting on
	seal, emblem, badge	लाञ्छन	lāñchana	mark, sign, vestige
	lingam	लिङ्गम्	liṅgam	lingam
	greedy	लोभ	lobha	greed
	world, place, realm, abode	लोक	loka	space, room, place, world
	honey co-wife	मधु	madhu	sweet food or drink, incld. honey, milk, wine, etc.
	middle	मध्य	madhya	middle
	great, super, hyper, very	महा	mahā	great
	supreme god		mahā+deva	supreme god
	supreme goddess		mahā+devi	supreme goddess
	all-mighty	महेश	maheśa = mahā+īśa	supreme lord	īśa (ईश): owning, possessing, powerful, supreme, capable, lord
	professor		mahā+guru	great teacher
	emperor	महाराज	mahārāja	great king
	queen		mahārani		see rani.
	(male) college/university student	महा शिष्यः	mahā-śiṣyah	great-student	(masc.)
	(female) college/university student	महा शिष्यः	mahā-śiṣyāh	great-student	(fem.)
	buffalo	महिषः	mahiṣaḥ	buffalo
	crown	मुकुट	mukuṭa	crown
	stain, dirt	मल	mala	dirt, filth, impurity
	calamity, disaster	महा पातक	mahā pātaka	great sin or collapse
	when		māna-kāla	in honor of time
	autonomous, independent		mandhiri
	sperm	मणि	maṇi	1. pearls, gem, jewel, 2. glans penis
	bead, sequin, jewel	मणि	maṇi	1. pearls, gem, jewel, 2. glans penis
	mantra	मन्त्र	mantra	mantra
	human	मनुष्य	mānuṣa	human being
	road	मार्गः	mārgaḥ	road
	period, time	मास	māsa	month
	measurement unit, of length, height, depth	मात्रा	mātrā	measurement unit
	illusion	माया	māyā	Maya (illusion)
	minister (head of a government department)	मन्त्रि	mantri	king's counsellor, minister
merdeka	freedom, liberty	महा ऋद्धि	mahā ṛddhi-ka	great prosperity
	sweet, melodious	मृदु	mṛdu	soft
	pepper	मरीचम्	marīcam	spices
	partner	मित्र	mitra	friend
	young	मूढ	mūḍha	stupid, silly, simple
	easy	मूढ	mūḍha	stupid, silly, simple
	face	मुख	mukha	face
	to start, to begin	मूल	mūla	origin
	noble, honorable	मूल्य	mūlya	worth
	blood vessel	नदि	nadi	stream, river
	dragon, nāga	नाग	nāga	serpent deities
	name	नामन्	nāman	name
nawa- (b.m.)	nine	नव	nava	nine
	country	नगर	nagara	city
	city (lit.)	नगरी	nagarī	city (fem.)
	scale, balance	नाराच	nārāca	metre
	hell, underworld	नरक	naraka	naraka
	an ideal condition of harmony or joy	निर्वाण	nirvana	nirvana
	amorph, abstract	निश्चल	niścala	immovable; steady; unal terable, immutable
	1. clearly shown, 2. real, 3. proven	नियत	niyata	Constant, Ascertained, Positive
	foot, footwear	पादुक	pāduka	shoe, slipper
	honorary title for official, nobility, or king	पादुका	pādukā	impression of the feet of a god or a holy person	for the idea, see Ciaruteun inscription.
	merit, reward (for moral conduct)	फल	phala	fruits, of results
	to force	पक्ष	pakṣa	side, faction, partisan, adherent, army, position
	Myristica fragrans (nutmeg)	फल	phala	fruits, of results	see pahala.
panca- (b.m.)	five	पञ्च	pañca	five
	tourism	परि विशति	pari viśati	around enter	to enter around
	1. obedient, submissive 2. Lord (government)	पति	pati	master, owner	see bupati.
pekerti	character, nature	प्रकृति	prakṛti	origin, character, nature, pattern
	hall	मण्डप	maṇḍapa	open hall, pavilion, temple	through Javanese pendhapa
	priest	पण्डित	paṇḍita	learned, scholar, skilled
	prison	पञ्जर	pañjara	cage
	believe	प्रत्ययः	pratyayaḥ	familiarity
	first	प्रधान	pradhāna	first, chief
	problem, affairs	प्रकार	prakāra	difference, similitude
	powerful, forceful, manly	प्रकाश	prakāśa	shining, manifest, renowned
	rape	प्रकाश	prakāśa	shining, manifest, renowned
	library	पुस्तक	pustaka	book, manuscript	see pustaka with circumfix perTemplate:Circumfixan'
	first	प्रथम	prathama	first
	Mother Earth	पृथ्वी	pṛthvī pṛthivī	Prithvi, Hindu earth deity
	high-ranked military official	प्रवीर	pravīra	brave or eminent man, hero, chief
pra (b.m.)	pre-	प्रा	pra	before, forward to, in front of, on, forth
	king (title)	प्रभु	prabhu	master, lord, king
	handworks	प्रकार्य	prakārya	to be manifested
	city, state	प्रजा	prajā	people, subject (of prince), child
	man/men	प्रिय	priya	beloved, dear
	fasting	उपवास	upavāsa	fasting, abstinence
	worship, adore	पूजा	pūjā	worship, respect, homage of superiors or adoration of the gods
	praise	पूजा	pūjā	worship, respect, homage of superiors or adoration of the gods	see puja
	have, possessive verb	पुण्य	puṇya	merit, virtue
	Hindu temple, city	पुर	pura	city/walled enclosure
	ancient	पूर्व	pūrva	former, ancient, old, etc.
	palace	पुर	pura	city/walled enclosure
purna- (b.m.)	complete, finished	पूर्ण	pūrṇa	finished, complete, satisfied	see also sempurna, purnama
	full moon, a month	पूर्णमा	pūrṇamā	full-moon (day)
	book	पुस्तक	pustaka	book, manuscript
	flower (poetic)	पुष्प	puṣpa	flower
	son, prince	पुत्र	putra	son
	daughter, princess	पुत्री	putrī	princess
	body	राग	rāga	color, feeling, beauty
	secret	रहस्यं	rahasya	secret
	king	राजन्	rāja	king
	rage, raging, at large, rampant	राज लीला	raja līlā	king play
	giant, monster	राक्षस	rākṣasa	beast-like demon
	widow	रण्डा	raṇḍā	widow	see janda.
	queen	राज्ञी राणी	rājñī rāṇī	queen	rāṇī (राणी) is corruption of rājñī (राज्ञी).
	emotion, feeling, taste	रस	rasa	to love, flavor, taste
	jewel, gemstone (poetic)	रत्न	ratna	jewel, gem
	official	रश्मि	raśmi	string, leash, ray of light	in Sanskrit, रश्मि (raśmi) is synonym of पक्ष (pakṣa).
	look, appearance	रूप	rūpa	form, likeness
	proclamation (poetic)	शब्दः	śabda	voice, speech
	best	साधु	sādhu	good, excellent
	servant	साहाय्य	sāhāyya	help, assistance
	witness	साक्षिन्	sākṣin	witness
	powerful	शक्ति	śakti	power, energy
	same	सम	sama	same, equal
	ocean	समुद्र	samudra	ocean
	sandhi	संधि	saṃdhí	joining
	drama		sāndīvara	drama
	1. monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns), see Sangha. 2. smallest unit in Scouting	संघ	saṃgha	association, clerical community, brotherhood of monks
sapta- (b.m.)	seven	सप्त	sapta	seven
	body	शरीरं	śarīraṃ	body	via Javanese word sarira
	training hall	शासन	śāsana	teaching, order, ruling
	literature	शास्त्र	śāstra	scripture, teaching, order, book
	fauna, animals	सत्त्व	sattva	sentint being, "that which is", existence
	simple	साधारण	sādhāraṇa	common, ordinary
	wipe, rub	निषेक	niṣēka	wash
	meditation, contemplation	समाधि	samādhi	deep meditation, silenece, religious vow
	whole, total	समस्त	samasta	united, whole, all
	perfect	सम्पूर्ण	sampūrṇa	entirely, complete
	suffering	संसार	saṃsāra	continuous flow of reincarnation
	weapon, arms	संयत्त	saṃyatta	prepared, ready, being on one's guard
	general, military leader (archaic)	सेनापति	senāpati	senā "military" + pati "leader"
	greedy		śraka	greedy
	all, everything, complete	सर्व	sarva	all or everything
	to call loudly	श्रु	śru	to be heard
	enemy	शत्रु	śatru	enemy
	loyal, truthful	सत्य सती	satya satī	truth, correct, sincere, faithful faithful wife
	base, courtesy, moral	शील	śīla	habit, custom, usage, character, moral precept	can mean cross-legged sitting or refined order
	lion	सिंहः	siṃha	lion, breavest, king, ruler
	throne	सिंहासन	siṃhāsana	the lion throne	Lion is allusion to king.
	(school) student	शिष्यः	śiṣyah	student	for tertiary education student, see mahasiswa.
	title for king	श्री	śrī	1. Prefix to the names, 2. Fortune, prosperity, success, thriving, 3. Light
	stupa	स्तूप	stūpa	heap, a pile of earth
	asylum, sanctuary	सेवक	sevaka	servant, employee, follower
	husband	स्वामि	svāmī	master, lord, husband
	sound	स्वर	svara	sound, voice, accent, musical tone or note
	clean, holy	शुचि	śuci	clean, pure, correct
	like, happy	सुख	sukha	easy, pleasant, comfortable, happy
	soul	सूक्ष्म	sūkṣma	subtle, atomic
	quiet (situation)	शून्य	śūnya	zero, nothing
	heaven	स्वर्ग	svarga	heaven
	sun (poetic), solar	सूर्य	sūrya	Surya, Hindu sun god
	modesty, appropriate	सुशील	suśīla	good character
swa- (b.m.)	do something by oneself	स्व	sva-	self, own
	asceticism, meditation, self-discipline	तप	tapa	tapas
	order, to arrange	तथा	tathā	thus, in that manner
	energy, power	तानयति	tānayati	to extend
tri- (b.m.)	three (cardinal)	त्रि	tri	three
	change	उभा	ubhā	erect
	air	उदार	udāra	rising fog or vapour, raising, sublime
	ceremony	उपचार	upacāra	ceremony, religious ritual
	effort	उत्साह	utsāha	effort, thread, happiness, firmness
	age	आयुष	āyuṣa	life-span
	ultimate, the most important, foremost	उत्तम	uttama	upmost, highest, first or best
	north	उत्तर	uttara	north
	verbal communication, conversation	वचन	vacana	speech
	container	आधारः	ādhāraḥ	container
	ride, vehicle	वहन	vahana	conducting, carrying, bearing
	forest (poetic)	वन	vana	forest
	dynasty, royal house	वंश	vaṁśa	lineage
	woman, lady	वनिता	vanitā	wife, woman
	sane, mentally healthy	वर	vara	best, excellent, most beautiful
	1. members of family, society, etc., 2. social stratification (uncommon)	वर्ग	varga	class, tribe, club
	colour	वर्ण	varṇa	colour
	news	वार्ता	varta	news	see berita.
	1. authority, influence, 2. power	विभवः	vibhavaḥ	power
	teacher	विद्या ईश्वर	vidya īshvara	learning master
	Buddhist Temple	विहार	vihāra	Buddha or Jaina convent	see biara.
	hero, brave	वीर	vīra	heroic, brave
	supreme leader, supreme power	विशेष	viśēṣa	excellence, superiority
	1. old age, geriatric 2. experienced	वृद्ध	vṛddha	1. old, 2. wise
	Yoga	योगः	yoga	Yoga
	war, battle (poetic)	युद्ध	yuddha	battle