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Karan Kayastha
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Karan Kayastha are a community of Kayastha that inhabit Orissa[1] and Mithila region, a region now divided between India and Nepal. They commonly use the surname Karn or Karna or Das or Lal Das in Bihar[2] and Patnaik, Mohanty, Das etc in Orissa.[3]
History and migration[edit]
Eminent archeologist, BP Sinha explains that duty of Karana was rajaseva and durgantapuraraksha. They held high position in Oriya society with them being mentioned highly in early scriptures. They adopted the profession of writing and were merged in the Kayastha community. He also mentions that the word Kayastha and Karana are often used synonymously in the sricptures of Orissa.[1] Sahay expalins their migration from present day Bihar to Orissa and Nepal. The Karanas held important positions in Magadh bureaucracy and due to regime change had to move North into the Terai and Nepal and South into Orissa and southern India. Those in the periphery of Magadh moved to Himalayan regions including the Terai. While those that moved south came to be later known as Karana in Orissa, Karanam in Andhra, Karuneeka in Karnataka and Karunageer in TamilNadu.[4]
Eminent epigraphist of Archaeological Survey of India, Dineshchandra Sircar, mentions that several historial edicts and inscriptions have been found in the relevant geographic locations that show that the terms Karana, Karanin, Karaneeka, Karanakas, Karaneegars are used to represent bureacratic range from clerks to ministers. Significant among these are Minor Rock Edict No. II, Kanas plates of Lokavigraha, Ghugrahati copperplate of Samacharadeva, Tipper copperplate of Lokanath etc.[5]
Karan of Bihar[edit]
Jha mentions that they claim themselves as the original inhabitant of Mithila and are also knownas Maithil Kayasth or Tirhutiya Kayasth. They follow the Panji system of genealogies, which is indigenous to a few ethnicities of the region.[6] Verma explains that these help in understanding their migration over several centuries as several manuscripts of Panjis are possessed by various panjikars of Bihar which deal with such genealogies. They are written in Tirhuta script on palm leaves or old indigenous paper mainly dealing with Mulgrams and the transmigration to subsequent places of living.[7] The early records also mention Nanyadev of Karnat dynasty, whose rule began in 1057 AD as also mentioned in Simraungadh inscription.[8]
Indigenous to the region is also the Mithila paintings that mainly females of some ethnicities including the Karans elaborate in their domestic-ritual space.[9]
Karana of Odisha[edit]
Thurston suggests that the Karanas were first invited to Orissa by the King Yayati Keshari in about 5th century A. D.[10] Sircar suggests that as shown in the Bhajas inscription, a list of individuals involved in land records contains a phrase 'Brahmana-Karana-Puroga-Nivasi' which may be good indication of their social status then.[5] Historian RS Sharma also mention that Loknatha, a Karana, was also referred to as a Brahmin in inscriptions, but they were ranked lower in most literature.[11] Even in the current scenario they hold good political power in Odisha including several Chief Ministers in recent years.[12]
Karanam or Sistakarnam of Andhra[edit]
Sircar mentions that they mostly dealt with accounting, bureaucracy, teaching etc.[5] They are believed to have migrated from Orissa to the flourishing Vijayanagar empire where they also were heads of villages mostly in Northern costal Andhra, with quite a few ministers, warriors, reformers and administrators. Sahay mentions that the Sistakarnams perform the upanayan ceremony and hold the belief of decent from Shri Chitragupta, the language of these communities in Andhra is mostly Odiya called Karnala bhasha and are also called Karnalu, Chitti Karnalu or Shristikarnalu.[8]
Karuneegar of TamilNadu[edit]
Sahay mentions that the poet Paarisanadhar wrote Karuneegar Purana during the Vallar Pandiyan era. Their holiest cite is the Shri Chitragupt Swamy Temple in Kanchipuram and they hold the belief to have descended from the presiding deity and have 64 gotras in the community. They are mainly devotees of Vallalar Shri Ramalinga Swamy of Vadalur.[8] The famous Tamil saint, reformer and poet belonged to the community and to a line of Tamil saints known as "gnana siddhars".[13] Sircar mentions that they give great importance to mathematics,[5] so much so that one of the subcaste is named Kanakkar which literally stands for Mathematics in Tamil.
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sinha, BP (2003). Kayastha in making of modern Bihar. Patna: Impression Publisher. pp. 14–15.
- ↑ Arnold P. Kaminsky, Roger D. Long (2011). India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. ABC-CLIO. pp. 403–404. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - ↑ Patnaik, Devdutt. "Descendants Of Chitragupta".
- ↑ Sahay, Uday (2021). Kayasth Encyclopedia. Delhi: SAUV communications. p. 141. ISBN 978-81-941122-3-5.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sircar, Dineshchandra (1960–61). Epigraphia Indica- Volume XXXIV. Delhi: Archaeological Survey Of India.
- ↑ Jha, UgraNath (1980). The Genealogies and Genealogists of Mithila. Bihar: Kishore Vidya Niketan.
- ↑ Verma, BinodBihari (1973). Maithili Karna Kayasthak Panjik Sarvekshan. Madhepura.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sahay, Uday (2021). Kayasth Encyclopedia. Delhi: SAUV communications. ISBN 978-81-941122-3-5.
- ↑ Indian Council for Cultural Relations (2007). Indian Horizon Volume 54. Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
- ↑ Shaitya Academi (1982). Souvenir, Orissa Sahitya Akademi Silver Jubilee, 1982. Odisha: The Academi.
- ↑ Sharma, RS (2001). Early Medieval Indian Society. Orient Longman.
- ↑ Singh, Pradeep (2020). Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems. Elsevier Science.
- ↑ Civañān̲am, Ma. Po (1987). The Universal Vision of Saint Ramalinga. Tamil Nadu: Annamalai University.
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