Economy of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is the second richest[12] and wealthiest state in the Indian union by GDP[13] and is the most industrialised state in the country. More than 60% of the state is urbanized, accounting around 10.6% of the urban population in the country, while only comprising 6% of India's total population. Services contributes to 55% of the economic activity in the state, followed by manufacturing at 34% and agriculture at 11%. Government is the major investor in the state, with 52% of total investments, followed by private Indian investors at 29.9% and foreign private investors at 14.9%. It has been ranked as the most economically free state in India by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India.[14]
 | |
| Statistics | |
|---|---|
| GDP | ₹19.7 Trillion (US$298 billion) (2020-2021) |
| GDP rank | 2nd |
GDP by sector | Agriculture: 13% Industry: 34% Services: 53% (2017–18)[1] |
Population below poverty line | Template:Decreasepositive 4.3% in poverty (2020–21)[2] |
 0.709 high (2019) (11th) | |
| Unemployment |  1.1% (Nov 2020)[3] |
| External | |
| Exports | ₹3.63 lakh crore (US$42 billion) (2019–20) |
Export goods | Automobiles,[4] Mobile phone,[5] Software, Missile defense, Electronics, Telecommunications equipment,[6] Armaments,[7] Locomotives,[8] Ships, Machinery, Steel, Aluminium, Transportation equipment,[9] tyres, Textiles, Footwear, Leather, Chemicals, Cement, Plastics, Toys, Food processing, Seafood, Vegetables, Fruits, Tea and Coffee |
Main export partners |  Australia[10] |
FDI stock | ₹28,049 crore (US$3.2 billion) (2017–18)[11] |
| Public finances | |
| 23% of GSDP (2019–20 est.)[1] | |
| ₹454,176 crore (US$52 billion) (2.56% of GSDP) (2019–20 est.)[1] | |
| Revenues | ₹2.98 lakh crore (US$34 billion) (2020–21 est.)[1] |
| Expenses | ₹3.01 lakh crore (US$35 billion) (2020–21 est.)[1] |
Macroeconomic trend
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Tamil Nadu at market prices estimated in Indian rupees.
| Year | Gross state domestic product USD Rate Appreciated |
|---|---|
| 1960 | ₹1,112 crore (US$130 million) |
| 1970 | ₹2,371 crore (US$270 million) |
| 1980 | ₹8,081 crore (US$930 million) |
| 1990 | ₹31,339 crore (US$3.6 billion) |
| 2000 | ₹146,796 crore (US$17 billion) |
| 2010 | ₹584,896 crore (US$67 billion) |
| 2020 | ₹20.54 lakh crore (US$290 billion) |
Agriculture and livestock
Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state, while its advances in other fields transformed the state into being an industrialized and innovation based economy, leading to competition for land and its resources. Agriculture is heavily dependent on the river water and monsoon rains. The perennial rivers are Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, Kaveri, Meyar, Bhavani, Amaravathi, Vaigai, Chittar and Tamaraparani. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, Noyyal, Suruli, Siruvani, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of bananas and coconuts in the whole country. It is also a leading state in production of other crops such as sugarcane, cotton, kambu, corn, rye, groundnut and oil seeds. At present, Tamil Nadu is India's 4th largest producer of rice behind West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab[15][16] Tamil Nadu is the home to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, known as the "father of the Green Revolution" in India.[17] The state is one of the major producers of turmeric in India.
Given below is a table of 2015–16 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices[18]
| Segment | National Share % |
|---|---|
| Drumstick | 98.0 |
| Tapioca | 44.4 |
| Floriculture | 16.5 |
| Gooseberry | 18 |
| Coconut | 29.1 |
| Tamarind | 25.3 |
| Meat | 7.5 |
| Turmeric | 14.6 |
| Banana | 19.4 |
| Ragi | 17.8 |
| Horsegram | 17.5 |
| Sapota | 17.4 |
| Urd | 14.7 |
| Groundnut | 14.2 |
| Cucumber | 12.6 |
| Maize | 12.3 |
| Egg | 12.2 |
| Carrot | 12.1 |
| Marine fish | 11.8 |
| Gur | 11.6 |
| Water melon | 11.4 |
| Jackfruit | 10.9 |
| Jowar | 10.6 |
| Tea | 8.5 |
| Cocoa | 8.2 |
| Moong | 7.9 |
| Oilseed | 7.7 |
| Papaya | 7.4 |
| Paddy | 6.9 |
| Bean | 6.7 |
| Fruit and vegetable | 6.3 |
| Sugarcane | 6.1 |
| Mango | 5.8 |
| Bitter gourd | 5.6 |
| Pear | 5.3 |
| Sericulture and Apiculture | 5.3 |
Mining
This is a chart of proven reserves of major minerals of Tamil Nadu[19] in 2001 by Department of Geology and Mining with figures in tonnes.
| Mineral | Reserve | National Share % |
|---|---|---|
| Lignite | 30,275,000 | 87 |
| Vermiculite | 2,000,000 | 66 |
| Garnet | 23,000,000 | 42 |
| Zircon | 8,000,000 | 38 |
| Graphite | 2,000,000 | 33 |
| Ilmenite | 98,000,000 | 28 |
| Rutile | 5,000,000 | 27 |
| Monazite | 2,000,000 | 25 |
| Magnesite | 73,000,000 | 17 |
Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on Titanium, Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, Limestone, Granite and Bauxite.[20] The first one is the Neyveli Lignite Corporation that has led development of large industrial complex around Neyveli in Cuddalore district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO2) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at Salem apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore Kanjamalai. Molybdenum is found in Dharmapuri, and is the only source in the country.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Tamil Nadu Budget Analysis 2019–20". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "SDGs India Index". NITI Aayog. 31 December 2019.
- ↑ "Unemployment Rate in India". Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. p. 1. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ↑ Simhan, TE Raja. "Chennai Port takes lead in wooing Kia Motors". @businessline.
- ↑ "India may become the second largest smartphone market: Xiaomi's Raghu Reddy". The Economic Times.
- ↑ "Nokia Siemens to expand Chennai facility". The Hindu. 9 August 2011 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ↑ "Ashok Leyland looking at Rs 5,100 crore revenue from defence exports".
- ↑ "Indian Railways to export six DMU train sets to Sri Lanka". www.cnbctv18.com. 11 July 2018.
- ↑ Market, Capital (10 July 2018). "Steel Strips Wheels bags its largest export order for US truck & trailer aftermarket". Business Standard India – via Business Standard.
- ↑ Suneja, Kirtika. "Australian exports to India to grow to $45 bn in 20 years, FDI to $100 bn, says report". The Economic Times.
- ↑ "Whopping 300% FDI inflow growth in this non-BJP state; here's list of other top performing states". 12 July 2018.
- ↑ https://indiaunfold.com/top-10-richest-states-in-india/
- ↑ "GDP of Indian states - StatisticsTimes.com". m.statisticstimes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ↑ "Indian States by Economic Freedom - StatisticsTimes.com". statisticstimes.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ "Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States in India 2018 – Bizvibe Blog". www.bizvibe.com. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ↑ "Government Policy Notes".
- ↑ "M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation".
- ↑ "2015 agricultural output of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices" (PDF).
- ↑ "An overview of Mineral Reserves". Government of Tamil Nada. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
- ↑ Tamil Nadu Mining