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Thulung language
| Thulung थुलुङ | |
|---|---|
| Region | Nepalनेपाल, Indiaभारत |
Native speakers | 21,000 in Nepal (2011 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tdh |
| Glottolog | thul1246 |
Thulung or Thulung luwa (थुलुङ लुवा) is a Kirati (किराती) language or Rai (किराती राई भाषा) language spoken in parts of Nepal and Sikkim. It is also known as Thulunge Rai, Thulu Luwa, Thulung La, Thulung Jemu, and Toaku Lwa.
Grammar
Thulung has subject-object-verb word order and does not use grammatical number. Like many SOV languages, it uses postpositions, genitives before nouns, and case suffixes. Thulung also places demonstratives and numerals before nouns.[2]
Vocabulary
| जाम (Jaam) | food, rice |
| केकु (Keku) | curry |
| म्युच्यु (Mychyu) | people |
| बेबे (Bebe) | grandfather |
| मिमी (Mimi) | grandmother |
| पाप (Papa) | Father |
| माम (Maam) | Mother |
| नानी (nani) | (दिदी) elder sister |
| सानी (Sani) | (बैनी) little sister |
| युम्पी (Yumpi) | (कान्छ) little sister |
| निनी (Ninee) | Aunt elder to dad |
| देब्दे (debde) | Uncle Elder to Dad |
| चिसा (chisa) | Husband of mom's brother in law |
| वाआ (Waa) | Elder Brother |
| लक/ल्वाक (Lwak) | Younger Brother |
| रिवा (Riwa) | solti |
| रिमे (Rime) | soltini |
| वान्च्यो (Wanchyo) | solti/soltini |
| कुकु (Kuku) | Mother's Brother |
| खौलुङ/सोजाम (Khaulung/Sozam) | money |
| य (Ye) | cloths |
| कु (Ku) | water |
| मु (Mu) | fire |
| फुल (phul) | flour |
| बुङ्मा (bungma) | flower |
| लिसेर (Liser) | Millet |
| ग्वाल (Gwal) | locally brew wine |
| स्यो (Syo) | meat |
Geographical distribution
Thulung is spoken in the following locations of Nepal, all of which are located in Province No. 1 (Ethnologue).[citation needed]
- Southeastern Solukhumbu District: Deusa, Lokhim, Mukli, Jubu, Tingla, Salyan, Panchan, and Necha VDC's
- Khotang District: Salle, Jaleswori, Maheswori VDC's
- Okhaldhunga District: Kuibhir VDC (in 6 or 7 villages)
- Bhojpur District, Kosi Zone: 1 village
- West of the slopes’ highest ridges to Dudhkosi, north of Nechedanda and Halesidanda ranges, east of upper Solu River, and south of the Kakukhola and the confluence of Ingkhukhola and Dudhkosi
References
- ↑ Thulung थुलुङ at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ "Language Thulung". The World Atlas of Linguistic Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- Lahaussois, Aimée (2002). Aspects of the Grammar of Thulung Rai: An Endangered Himalayan Language (Ph.D. thesis). University of California, Berkeley.
- Nishi 西, Yoshio 義郎 (1989c). "トゥルン語" [Thulung, Thulunge, Thulungye, (LSI) Thūlung, Thulung Rai; Deusali]. In 亀井 Kamei, 孝 Takashi; 河野 Kōno, 六郎 Rokurō; 千野 Chino, 栄一 Eichi (eds.). 三省堂言語学大辞典 The Sanseido Encyclopaedia of Linguistics (in 日本語). Vol. 2. Tokyo: 三省堂 Sanseido Press. pp. 1269a–1278b. ISBN 4385152160.
External links
- Allen, N.J. Sketch of Thulung Grammar: with three texts and a glossary. Cornell East Asia Series. Ithaca, New York, 1975. (Full text.)
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