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{{Short description|Local civic body in Amravati, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox legislature
{{Infobox legislature
| name               = Amravati Municipal Corporation
| name = Amravati Municipal Corporation
| coa_pic   =
| coa_pic = Amravati Municipal Corporation Logo.png
| coa_res   = 150px
| coa_res = 150px
| coa_alt   =  
| coa_alt =  
| foundation = {{date and age|15 August 1983}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amravaticorporation.in/?page_id=1083|title=History-Amravati Municipal Corporation|access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
| foundation = {{date and age|15 August 1983}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amravaticorporation.in/?page_id=1083|title=History-Amravati Municipal Corporation|access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref>
| coa-pic           =
| coa-pic =  
| coa-res           =
| coa-res =  
| house_type         = Municipal Corporation
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| body               = Amravati  
| body = Amravati
| leader1_type       = [[Mayor]]
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1           = Vacant<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/amp/mumbai/maharashtra-govt-initiates-process-for-appointment-of-administrators-in-nine-municipal-corporations|title=Maharashtra govt initiates process for appointment of administrators in nine municipal corporations|publisher=The Free Press Journal|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>([[Administrator Rule in Municipal Corporation of Maharashtra|Administrative Rule]])
| leader1 = Shrichand Tejwani
| party1            =  
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader2_type      = [[Municipal Commissioner]] & Administrator
| leader2_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]] & Administrator
| leader2            = Dr. Pravin Ashtikar, ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| leader2 = Saumya Sharma (Chandak), ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| leader3_type      = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader3_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader3            = Vacant ([[Administrator Rule in Municipal Corporation of Maharashtra|Administrative Rule]])
| leader3 = Sachin Bhende
| party3            =
| party3 = [[Ravi Rana|RYSP]]
| members            = 87
| members = 87
| last_election1    = 2017
| last_election1  = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref>
| next_election1 = 2022
| next_election1  = 2031
| website            = {{URL|https://amravaticorporation.in/}}
| website = {{URL|https://amravaticorporation.in/}}
| motto = योगः कर्मसु कौशलम {{small|([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]])}}
| political_groups1 = '''Government (54)'''
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (25)
:*{{Color box|#1A34BB}} [[Ravi Rana|RYSP]] (15)
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|11}}
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]] (3)
'''Opposition (33)'''
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|15}}
:*{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|12}}
:*{{Party legend|Bahujan Samaj Party|3}}
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (UBT)|2}}
:*{{Party legend|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|1}}
| term_length = 5 years
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting]]
}}
}}


'''Amravati Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body of the city of [[Amravati]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Amravati Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].
'''Amravati Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body of the city of [[Amravati]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Amravati Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].


Amravati municipal corporation is located in [[Amravati|Amravati City]]. Amravati Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal_corporation_(India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town.
Amravati municipal corporation is located in [[Amravati|Amravati City]]. Amravati Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal corporation (India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town.


==List of Mayor==
== Administration ==
==List of Deputy Mayor==
The Amravati Municipal Corporation (AMC) is headed by an [[Indian Administrative Service]] (IAS) officer who serves as the [[Municipal commissioner]]. The [[Municipal commissioner]] has executive power and is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the AMC. Every five years, there is an election to select [[Corporator]], who have the responsibility of managing fundamental civic infrastructure and enforcing their duties. The [[Mayor]], who is usually from the majority party, serves as the head of the AMC.
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''City officials, as of March 2023'''
|[[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]]
|Shrichand Tejwani
|6 February 2026
|-
|[[Mayor of Mumbai|Deputy Mayor]]
|Sachin Bhende
|6 February 2026
|-
|[[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]]
|Saumya Sharma (Chandak)
|18 June 2025
|-
|Administrator
|Saumya Sharma (Chandak)
|18 June 2025
|-
|[[Commissioner of police]]
|Arvind Chawaria
|20 may 2025
|}


== Revenue sources ==
== Revenue sources ==


The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Am11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Am12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Am13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Am11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Am12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Am13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>


=== Revenue from taxes ===  
=== Revenue from Taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation-


* Property tax.
* Property Tax
* Profession tax.
* Profession Tax
* Entertainment tax.
* Entertainment Tax
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax
* Advertisement tax.
* Advertisement Tax


=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===
=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===
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{|class="sortable wikitable"
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
|-
!S.No. !! Party Name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
|-
| 01 || [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] (BJP) ||  || 45
| 01 || [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] (BJP) ||  || 45
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| 03 || [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|75px]] || 10
| 03 || [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|75px]] || 10
|-
|-
| 04 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|75px]] || 07
| 04 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 07
|-
|-
| 05 || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|75px]] || 05
| 05 || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|75px]] || 05
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{|class="sortable wikitable"
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
|-
!S.No. !! Party Name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
|-
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ||  || 25
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ||  || 25
Line 94: Line 131:
| 04 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] ||17
| 04 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] ||17
|-
|-
| 05 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|75px]] || 10
| 05 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 10
|-
|-
| 06 || [[Janvikas Congress]]  || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 06
| 06 || [[Janvikas Congress]]  || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 06
Line 135: Line 172:
| 08 || Jamil Colony || Mohd Imran Mohd Yakub, Hamidabano Afzal ||
| 08 || Jamil Colony || Mohd Imran Mohd Yakub, Hamidabano Afzal ||
|-
|-
| 09 || Mahendra Colony || Yojna Revaskar, Lubna Tanvir Nabab ||
| 09 || Mahendra Colony || Yojna Revaskar, Lubna Tanvir Nawab ||
|-
|-
| 10 || Vilas Nagar || Pradip Dhande, Rekha Tayade ||
| 10 || Vilas Nagar || Pradip Dhande, Rekha Tayade ||
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<ref name="auto"/>
<ref name="auto"/>


== Nominated Corporators (2012-2017) ==  
== Nominated corporators (2012-2017) ==
 
A total of 5 corporators were nominated based on the strength of the parties in the corporation after the 2012 elections. These 5 corporators are as follows :-
A total of 5 corporators were nominated based on the strength of the parties in the Corporation after the 2012 elections. These 5 corporators are as follows :-
* Indian National Congress (2) - Vasantrao Saulkar, Amol Thakre
 
* Nationalist Congress Party (1) - Asif Hussain Muzzafar Hussain
Indian National Congress (2) - Vasantrao Saulkar, Amol Thakre
* Shiv Sena (1) - Komal Bothra
 
* Bharatiya Janata Party (1) - Ajay Samadekar
Nationalist Congress Party (1) - Asif Hussain Muzzafar Hussain  
 
Shiv Sena (1) - Komal Bothra
 
Bharatiya Janata Party (1) - Ajay Samadekar  
 
 


== Corporation Election 2007 ==
== Corporation Election 2007 ==
{|class="sortable wikitable"
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
|-
!S.No. !! Party Name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
|-
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ||  || 21
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ||  || 21
Line 234: Line 264:
| 03 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] ||18
| 03 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] ||18
|-
|-
| 04 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|75px]] || 10
| 04 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 10
|-
|-
| 05 || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|75px]] || 04
| 05 || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) || [[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|75px]] || 04
Line 251: Line 281:
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
{{India-gov-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:26, 16 February 2026


Amravati Municipal Corporation
File:Amravati Municipal Corporation Logo.png
Type
Type
History
FoundedTemplate:Date and age[1]
Leadership
Shrichand Tejwani, BJP
Municipal Commissioner & Administrator
Saumya Sharma (Chandak), (IAS)
Sachin Bhende, RYSP
Structure
Seats87
Political groups
Government (54)
  •   BJP (25)
  •   RYSP (15)
  •   NCP (11)
  •   SHS (3)

Opposition (33)

Length of term
5 years
Elections
First-past-the-post voting
Last election
15 January 2026[2]
Next election
2031
Motto
योगः कर्मसु कौशलम (Sanskrit)
Website
amravaticorporation.in

Amravati Municipal Corporation is the governing body of the city of Amravati in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762.[3] Amravati Municipal Corporation is headed by Mayor of city and governed by Commissioner.

Amravati municipal corporation is located in Amravati City. Amravati Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

Administration[edit | edit source]

The Amravati Municipal Corporation (AMC) is headed by an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer who serves as the Municipal commissioner. The Municipal commissioner has executive power and is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the AMC. Every five years, there is an election to select Corporator, who have the responsibility of managing fundamental civic infrastructure and enforcing their duties. The Mayor, who is usually from the majority party, serves as the head of the AMC.

City officials, as of March 2023
Mayor Shrichand Tejwani 6 February 2026
Deputy Mayor Sachin Bhende 6 February 2026
Municipal Commissioner Saumya Sharma (Chandak) 18 June 2025
Administrator Saumya Sharma (Chandak) 18 June 2025
Commissioner of police Arvind Chawaria 20 may 2025

Revenue sources[edit | edit source]

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.[4][5][6]

Revenue from Taxes[edit | edit source]

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation-

  • Property Tax
  • Profession Tax
  • Entertainment Tax
  • Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax
  • Advertisement Tax

Revenue from non-tax sources[edit | edit source]

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

  • Water usage charges.
  • Fees from Documentation services.
  • Rent received from municipal property.
  • Funds from municipal bonds.

Corporation Election 2017[edit | edit source]

Political Performance in Election 2017[edit | edit source]

Amravati Municipal Corporation elections were conducted in February 2017.[7]

S.No. Party name Party flag or symbol Number of Corporators
01 Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) 45
02 Indian National Congress (INC) 15
03 All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 10
04 Shiv Sena (SS) 07
05 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 05
06 Yuva Swabhiman Party (YSP) 03
07 Republican Party of India (Athavale) 01
08 Independents 01

Corporation Election 2012[edit | edit source]

Political Performance in Election 2012[edit | edit source]

Amravati Municipal Corporation elections were conducted in February 2012.

S.No. Party name Party flag or symbol Number of Corporators
01 Indian National Congress (INC) 25
02 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 07
03 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 06
04 Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) 17
05 Shiv Sena (SS) 10
06 Janvikas Congress 06
07 Jankalyan Aghadi 01
08 Republican Party of India (Gavai) 01
09 Republican Party of India (Athavale) 02
10 Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) IUML Election Symbol 02
11 Samajwadi Party (SP) 01
12 Maharashtra Swabhiman Paksha 01
13 Independents 08
Ward.No. Ward Name Name of Corporators
01 Shegaon Pravin Meshram, Archana Ingole
02 Tapovan Raju Mankar, Swati Nistane
03 Jawahar Stadium Raju Masram, Sujata Zade
04 Sant Gadgebaba Balu Bhuyar, Sarika Mahalle
05 Rampuri Camp Bhushan Bansod, Sheeladevi Bajaj
06 Vidarbha Mahavidyalaya Dhiraj Hiwase, Divya Sisode
07 Navsari Pradip Bajad, Nileema Kale
08 Jamil Colony Mohd Imran Mohd Yakub, Hamidabano Afzal
09 Mahendra Colony Yojna Revaskar, Lubna Tanvir Nawab
10 Vilas Nagar Pradip Dhande, Rekha Tayade
11 Morbag Suganchand Gupta, Kusum Sahu
12 Ambapeth Dinesh Bub, Hemlata Sahu
13 Maltekdi Sanjay Agrawal, Vandana Kangale
14 SRPF Nitinraj (Bablu) T. Shekhawat, Malti Dabade
15 Wadali Vijay Babulkar, Sapna Thakur
16 Chaprasipura Bichutekdi Ambadas Javare, Shahista Ansari Jishan Ansari
17 Congressnagar Frezarpura Arun Jaiswal, Alka Sardar
18 Rukhmini Nagar Nitin Deshmukh, Nutan Bujade
19 Swami Vivekanand Pradip Hiwase, Asha Nindhane
20 Ambika Nagar Chetan Pawar, Jayshree Morya
21 Rajapeth Prashant Wankhede, Savita Ladekar
22 Sharda Nagar Nandakishor Varhade, Suvarna Raut
23 Gaurakshan Milind Bambal, Kanchan Dendule
24 Budhwara Vilas Ingole, Sunita Bhele
25 Jawahar Gate Pravin Haramkar, Kanchan Upadhyay, Archana Rajgure
26 Gawalipura Shekh Hamid Shada, Bilkis Bano Hamza Khan
27 Pathanpura Nurkha Maujdar Kha, Rahimabi Rafiq
28 Mehadiya Colony Shaikh Jafar Shaikh Jabbar, Hafisabi Yusufshah
29 Aleem Nagar Mohd. Asif Mohd. Haroon, Tamijabi Ahamdakha
30 Rehamat Nagar Abdul Rafiq Abdul Razak, Fahemida Narsin Habibshah
31 Gadgeshwar Bharat Chavhan, Sangita Wagh
32 Nawathe Plot Digambar Dahake, Vanita Tayade
33 Dastur Nagar Rajendra Mahalle, Anjali Pande
34 Kiran Nagar Deepak Patil, Nirmala Borkar
35 Wadarpura Ajay Gondane, Deepmala Mohod
36 Benoda Bhimtekdi Gaurav khond, Mamata Aware
37 Jevad Nagar Rajendra Tayade, Vandana Harne
38 Akoli Sainagar Tushar Bharatiya, Manjusha Jadhav
39 Nemani Godown Sunil Kale, Charanjitkaur Nanda
40 Almas Nagar Javed Memon, Chaya Ambadkar
41 Baripura Vijay Nagpure, Jayshree More
42 Somwar Bazar Chandumal Bidlani, Kanchan Grespunje
43 Ziri Prakash Bansod, Gufa Mahadev Meshram

[7]

Nominated corporators (2012-2017)[edit | edit source]

A total of 5 corporators were nominated based on the strength of the parties in the corporation after the 2012 elections. These 5 corporators are as follows :-

  • Indian National Congress (2) - Vasantrao Saulkar, Amol Thakre
  • Nationalist Congress Party (1) - Asif Hussain Muzzafar Hussain
  • Shiv Sena (1) - Komal Bothra
  • Bharatiya Janata Party (1) - Ajay Samadekar

Corporation Election 2007[edit | edit source]

S.No. Party name Party flag or symbol Number of Corporators
01 Indian National Congress (INC) 21
02 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 15
03 Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) 18
04 Shiv Sena (SS) 10
05 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 04
06 Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) IUML Election Symbol 01

References[edit | edit source]

  1. "History-Amravati Municipal Corporation". Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  2. "BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16". India TV News. 15 December 2025.
  3. Gupta, Anupam. "City Mayors: Indian Mayors". citymayors.com. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  4. Jadhav, Radheshyam (3 December 2020). "Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  5. "Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report". Business Today. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  6. "If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable". Financialexpress. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  7. 7.0 7.1 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)