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{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}} | {{Self-published|date=April 2024}}{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} | ||
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| coordinates = {{coord|9|15|11|N|76|31|46|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|9|15|11|N|76|31|46|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | ||
| native_name = കണ്ടിയൂർ മഹാദേവക്ഷേത്രം | | native_name = കണ്ടിയൂർ മഹാദേവക്ഷേത്രം | ||
| country = | | country = India | ||
| state = [[Kerala]] | | state = [[Kerala]] | ||
| district = [[Alappuzha]] | | district = [[Alappuzha]] | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
| monument_quantity= | | monument_quantity= | ||
| inscriptions = | | inscriptions = | ||
|established = Before the advent of ''[[Kali Yuga]]'' | |established = Before the advent of ''[[Kali Yuga]]'' {{year needed|date=April 2024}} | ||
| year_completed = 823<ref>{{cite book|last=Shashi|first= | | year_completed = 823 AD<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Shashi |editor-first=S.S.|title=Encyclopaedia Indica : India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |year=2007 |publisher=Anmol Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788170418597 |edition=1st}}</ref> | ||
| creator = Cheraman Perumal Nayanar Rajasekara Varman | | creator = Cheraman Perumal Nayanar Rajasekara Varman | ||
| governing_body =[[Travancore Devaswom Board]] | | governing_body =[[Travancore Devaswom Board]] | ||
| | | | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple''' is an ancient [[Shiva]] temple situated in Kandiyoor near [[Mavelikkara]] on the banks of [[Achankovil]] river. Kandiyoor was once the capital of the [[Odanad]]u kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gouri Lakshmi Bayi|title=Thulasi garland Bhavan's book university|year=1998|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref> The temple and region are related to the history of ancient [[Buddhism in Kerala]]. Mattom Sree Mahadeva Temple also known as | '''Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple''' is an ancient [[Shiva]] temple situated in Kandiyoor near [[Mavelikkara]] on the banks of [[Achankovil]] river. Kandiyoor was once the capital of the [[Odanad]]u kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gouri Lakshmi Bayi|title=Thulasi garland Bhavan's book university|year=1998|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref> The temple and region are related to the history of ancient [[Buddhism in Kerala]]. Mattom Sree Mahadeva Temple also known as ''shiva nada'' is {{convert|1|km}} west of [[Mavelikkara]] town north of State Highway 6. It is spread across an area of {{convert|7.5|acre}}. | ||
[[File:KANDIYUR TEMPLE SREEKOVIL.jpg|thumb|Sreekovil of Kandiyoor Temple]] | [[File:KANDIYUR TEMPLE SREEKOVIL.jpg|thumb|Sreekovil of Kandiyoor Temple]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
==Legends== | ==Legends== | ||
There are many legends associated with the temple. It is considered as one among the 108 great Shiva temples of ancient Kerala consecrated by Lord Parashurama himself.<ref>[http:// | There are many legends associated with the temple. It is considered as one among the 108 great Shiva temples of ancient Kerala consecrated by Lord Parashurama himself.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101105152036/http://vaikhari.org/108shivalaya.html 108 Shiva Temples in Kerala created by Lord Parasurama]}}</ref> according to another legend the Rishi Mrikandu, the father of Rishi Markandeya got an idol of Lord Shiva in Kirathamoorthy form while bathing in Ganga. He heard an oracle that the idol be placed in a holy and befitting place. The Rishi searching for the apt location came to Kerala and ended up on the banks of Achankovil and established the temple in Kandiyoor. The name Kandiyoor is a corruption of Kandathil.{{cn|date=February 2022}} | ||
According to another legend the temple is located at the site where Lord Shiva cut off Lord Brahma's head. The name Kandiyoor comes from name of Shiva Sri Kantan. | According to another legend the temple is located at the site where Lord Shiva cut off Lord Brahma's head. The name Kandiyoor comes from name of Shiva Sri Kantan. It is believed that Lord Parasurama renovated the temple and gave tantrik rights to Tharananallur family.<ref name=web>[http://www.kandiyoortemple.org Temple Website]</ref> | ||
It is believed that Lord Parasurama renovated the temple and gave | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Kandiyoor and the temple have great significance in Kerala's history. The Kandiyoor temple is the earliest temple about which there is an epigraph about its origin in A.D 823 during the reign of Rajasekhara Varman.<ref name=khaim>{{cite book|last=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Kerala History and its Makers|year=1987|publisher=D C Books|isbn=9788126437825}}</ref> There was an | Kandiyoor and the temple have great significance in Kerala's history. The Kandiyoor temple is the earliest temple about which there is an epigraph about its origin in A.D 823 during the reign of Rajasekhara Varman.<ref name=khaim>{{cite book|last=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Kerala History and its Makers|year=1987|publisher=D C Books|isbn=9788126437825}}</ref> There was an era name 'Kandiyoorabdam' from the formation of the temple that was in widespread use until the introduction of Kollavarsham. {{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} | ||
It is also believed that | It is also believed that there was a [[Hinayana|Hinayana Buddhist]] temple near to the Kandiyoor temple installed and managed by ''kannankara panicker family,'' It is also believed that it is this displaced Buddha that was retrieved from the nearby paddy fields and placed near the Mavelikkara Sree Krishna Swamy Temple ([[Buddha Junction]]) in recent times.<ref name=ashoi>{{cite book|last=Sadasivan|first=S.N.|title=A social history of India|year=2000|publisher=APH Pub. Corp.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788176481700}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kandiyur Inscriptions |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
The Kandiyoor inscription (K. E. 393) dated 1218 says that Kandiyoor temple was reconstructed by Rama Kotha Varma of Odanad and the Kalasam ceremony was attended by | The Kandiyoor inscription (K. E. 393) dated 1218 says that Kandiyoor temple was reconstructed by Rama Kotha Varma of [[Odanad]] and the Kalasam ceremony was attended by Unniyachi, wife of Ravi Kerala Varma, King of [[Venad (kingdom)|Venad]] after deliberations between the three.<ref>{{cite book|last=University of Kerala|title=Journal of Kerala Studies, Volume 14|year=1987|publisher=University of Kerala}}</ref> | ||
Kandiyoor was annexed to Kayamkulam by Kayamkulam Rajah and later to Travancore by Marthanda Varma. It is believed that during the war between Odanadu and Kayamkulam the defeated Kayamkulam Raja surrendered his sword in the temple and left through the rear door which still remains closed after centuries.<ref name=web/> | Kandiyoor was annexed to Kayamkulam by [[Kayamkulam Rajah]] and later to [[Travancore]] by [[Marthanda Varma]]. It is believed that during the war between Odanadu and Kayamkulam the defeated Kayamkulam Raja surrendered his sword in the temple and left through the rear door which still remains closed after centuries.<ref name=web/> | ||
The temple is mentioned in Unnuneeli Sandesam written around the 14th century. | The temple is mentioned in [[Unnuneeli Sandesam]] written around the 14th century.'''{{cn|date=February 2022}}''' | ||
Sri Kandiyur Mahadeva Shastrikal - a Sanskrit Scholar who wrote many Bhashyams for | Sri Kandiyur Mahadeva Shastrikal - a Sanskrit Scholar who wrote many Bhashyams for Lalitha Sahasranamam, Lalitha Thrishati etc. lived in Kandiyoor.{{cn|date=February 2022}} | ||
==Temple Description== | ==Temple Description== | ||
The primary deity of the temple is Lord Shiva known as Kandiyoorappan (the ruling deity of Kandiyoor). The deity is east facing. The sanctum santorum is two-tiered and there is a platform in the front for devotees, a feature that is of the [[Hoysala]] style. The bottom tier is oval in shape while the top tier is rectangular. The {{convert|10|ft}} Gajaprishta style wall is believed to be constructed by Shiva's | The primary deity of the temple is Lord Shiva known as Kandiyoorappan (the ruling deity of Kandiyoor). The deity is east facing. The rectangular sanctum santorum is two-tiered and there is a platform in the front for devotees, a feature that is of the [[Hoysala]] style. The bottom tier is oval in shape while the top tier is rectangular. The {{convert|10|ft}} Gajaprishta style wall is believed to be constructed by Shiva's Bhoothaganas.<ref name=web/> There are puranic legend stone scriptures in the temple.<ref>{{cite book|last=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=The Legacy of Kerala|year=1982|publisher=D C Books|isbn=9788126437986}}</ref> | ||
==Deity== | ==Deity== | ||
The primary deity, Kandiyoorappan, is believed to be in | The primary deity, Kandiyoorappan, is believed to be in Kirathamoorthy form. The deity is worshipped as Dakshinamoorthy in the morning, Umamaheshwaran in the noon, Kirathamoorthy in the evening. Deity is worshipped as Panchamukha from North-West corner of Pradakshina Vazhy by viewing five Thazikakudams of Shiva temples and as Vaikathappan (ruling deity of [[Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple|Vaikom]]) during sunset. The sub-deities in the temple include [[Vishnu]], Parvatheesan, Nagaraja and Nagayakshi, Gosala Krishnan, [[Sastha]], Sankaran, Sreekandan, Vadakkumnathan, Annapoorneswary, Ganapathy, Subrahmanyan, Moola Ganapathy and Brahmarakshas of which Sankara, Sreekanda, Vadakkumnadha, Parvatheesa and Mrityunjaya are [[Shiva]] himself. There are six Shivalinga Prathishtas in this temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kandiyoor Mahadeva Temple Mavelikkara |url=http://www.vaikhari.org/kandiyoor.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925145656/http://www.vaikhari.org/kandiyoor.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=25 September 2011 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.vaikhari.org}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
<!--Maintain alphabetical order--> | <!--Maintain alphabetical order--> | ||
* [[Temples of Kerala]] | * [[Temples of Kerala]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:20, 23 December 2024
 | This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. (April 2024) |
| Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple | |
|---|---|
കണ്ടിയൂർ മഹാദേവക്ഷേത്രം | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Alappuzha |
| Deity | Shiva |
| Governing body | Travancore Devaswom Board |
| Location | |
| Location | Mavelikara |
| State | Kerala |
| Country | India |
  Location in Kerala | |
| Coordinates | 9°15′11″N 76°31′46″E / 9.25306°N 76.52944°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Traditional Kerala style |
| Creator | Cheraman Perumal Nayanar Rajasekara Varman |
| Established | Before the advent of Kali Yuga [year needed] |
| Completed | 823 AD[1] |
Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple is an ancient Shiva temple situated in Kandiyoor near Mavelikkara on the banks of Achankovil river. Kandiyoor was once the capital of the Odanadu kingdom.[2] The temple and region are related to the history of ancient Buddhism in Kerala. Mattom Sree Mahadeva Temple also known as shiva nada is 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Mavelikkara town north of State Highway 6. It is spread across an area of 7.5 acres (3.0 ha).
Legends[edit | edit source]
There are many legends associated with the temple. It is considered as one among the 108 great Shiva temples of ancient Kerala consecrated by Lord Parashurama himself.[3] according to another legend the Rishi Mrikandu, the father of Rishi Markandeya got an idol of Lord Shiva in Kirathamoorthy form while bathing in Ganga. He heard an oracle that the idol be placed in a holy and befitting place. The Rishi searching for the apt location came to Kerala and ended up on the banks of Achankovil and established the temple in Kandiyoor. The name Kandiyoor is a corruption of Kandathil.[citation needed]
According to another legend the temple is located at the site where Lord Shiva cut off Lord Brahma's head. The name Kandiyoor comes from name of Shiva Sri Kantan. It is believed that Lord Parasurama renovated the temple and gave tantrik rights to Tharananallur family.[4]
History[edit | edit source]
Kandiyoor and the temple have great significance in Kerala's history. The Kandiyoor temple is the earliest temple about which there is an epigraph about its origin in A.D 823 during the reign of Rajasekhara Varman.[5] There was an era name 'Kandiyoorabdam' from the formation of the temple that was in widespread use until the introduction of Kollavarsham. [citation needed]
It is also believed that there was a Hinayana Buddhist temple near to the Kandiyoor temple installed and managed by kannankara panicker family, It is also believed that it is this displaced Buddha that was retrieved from the nearby paddy fields and placed near the Mavelikkara Sree Krishna Swamy Temple (Buddha Junction) in recent times.[6][7]
The Kandiyoor inscription (K. E. 393) dated 1218 says that Kandiyoor temple was reconstructed by Rama Kotha Varma of Odanad and the Kalasam ceremony was attended by Unniyachi, wife of Ravi Kerala Varma, King of Venad after deliberations between the three.[8]
Kandiyoor was annexed to Kayamkulam by Kayamkulam Rajah and later to Travancore by Marthanda Varma. It is believed that during the war between Odanadu and Kayamkulam the defeated Kayamkulam Raja surrendered his sword in the temple and left through the rear door which still remains closed after centuries.[4]
The temple is mentioned in Unnuneeli Sandesam written around the 14th century.[citation needed]
Sri Kandiyur Mahadeva Shastrikal - a Sanskrit Scholar who wrote many Bhashyams for Lalitha Sahasranamam, Lalitha Thrishati etc. lived in Kandiyoor.[citation needed]
Temple Description[edit | edit source]
The primary deity of the temple is Lord Shiva known as Kandiyoorappan (the ruling deity of Kandiyoor). The deity is east facing. The rectangular sanctum santorum is two-tiered and there is a platform in the front for devotees, a feature that is of the Hoysala style. The bottom tier is oval in shape while the top tier is rectangular. The 10 feet (3.0 m) Gajaprishta style wall is believed to be constructed by Shiva's Bhoothaganas.[4] There are puranic legend stone scriptures in the temple.[9]
Deity[edit | edit source]
The primary deity, Kandiyoorappan, is believed to be in Kirathamoorthy form. The deity is worshipped as Dakshinamoorthy in the morning, Umamaheshwaran in the noon, Kirathamoorthy in the evening. Deity is worshipped as Panchamukha from North-West corner of Pradakshina Vazhy by viewing five Thazikakudams of Shiva temples and as Vaikathappan (ruling deity of Vaikom) during sunset. The sub-deities in the temple include Vishnu, Parvatheesan, Nagaraja and Nagayakshi, Gosala Krishnan, Sastha, Sankaran, Sreekandan, Vadakkumnathan, Annapoorneswary, Ganapathy, Subrahmanyan, Moola Ganapathy and Brahmarakshas of which Sankara, Sreekanda, Vadakkumnadha, Parvatheesa and Mrityunjaya are Shiva himself. There are six Shivalinga Prathishtas in this temple.[10]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Shashi, S.S., ed. (2007). Encyclopaedia Indica : India, Pakistan, Bangladesh (1st ed.). New Delhi: Anmol Publications. ISBN 9788170418597.
- ↑ Gouri Lakshmi Bayi (1998). Thulasi garland Bhavan's book university. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- ↑ 108 Shiva Temples in Kerala created by Lord Parasurama[usurped]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Temple Website
- ↑ A. Sreedhara Menon (1987). Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books. ISBN 9788126437825.
- ↑ Sadasivan, S.N. (2000). A social history of India. New Delhi: APH Pub. Corp. ISBN 9788176481700.
- ↑ "Kandiyur Inscriptions". www.keralaculture.org. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ↑ University of Kerala (1987). Journal of Kerala Studies, Volume 14. University of Kerala.
- ↑ A. Sreedhara Menon (1982). The Legacy of Kerala. D C Books. ISBN 9788126437986.
- ↑ "Kandiyoor Mahadeva Temple Mavelikkara". www.vaikhari.org. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2023.