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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Sindhi adherents of Hinduism}} | ||
{{For|demographics of Hindus in Sindh | {{For|demographics of Hindus in Sindh|Hinduism in Sindh}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox ethnic group | {{Infobox ethnic group | ||
| group = Sindhi Hindus | | group = Sindhi Hindus | ||
| population = {{circa|7}} million | | population = {{circa|7.5}} million | ||
| region1 = {{Flag|Pakistan}} | | region1 = {{Flag|Pakistan}} | ||
| pop1 = 4, | | pop1 = [[Hinduism in Sindh|4,901,407]] (2023) | ||
| ref1 = <ref | | ref1 = <ref>Centre for Land Warfare Studies | ||
https://archive.claws.in › roots-of-si... | |||
Roots of Sindhi-Hindu Exodus from Pakistan</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://pakistanhinducouncil.org.pk/?page_id=1592 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003754/http://pakistanhinducouncil.org.pk/?page_id=1592 | archive-date=15 March 2018 | title=Hindu Population (PK) – Pakistan Hindu Council }}</ref><ref name="pakcensus">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/sindh/Table09p.pdf |title=Table 9: Population by Religion, Sex and Rural/Urban |date=2017 |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> | |||
| region2 = {{Flag|India}} | | region2 = {{Flag|India}} | ||
| pop2 = 2,772,264 {{efn|Includes speakers of [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]; some Sindhi | | pop2 = [[Sindhis in India|2,772,264]] (2011){{efn|Includes speakers of the [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and 1 million speakers of the Kutchi language; some Sindhi and Kutchi speakers, especially in [[Kutch]] in Gujarat and in western Rajasthan, are Muslims while many ethnic Sindhi Hindus no longer speak the language.}} | ||
| ref2 = <ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=Census of India 2011|last=Data on Language and Mother Tongue|date=|page= 7|website=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | | ref2 = <ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=Census of India 2011|last=Data on Language and Mother Tongue|date=|page= 7|website=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]|date=29 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
| region3 = | | region3 = | ||
| pop3 = | | pop3 = | ||
| Line 20: | Line 22: | ||
| pop5 = | | pop5 = | ||
| ref5 = | | ref5 = | ||
| langs = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]<br />{{small|Additionally [[ | | langs = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]<br />{{small|Additionally [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]], [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], and [[English language|English]]}} | ||
| rels = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] | | rels = [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] | ||
| | | related = [[Sindhi people|Sindhi Muslims]], [[Sindhi Sikhs]], [[Sindhi people|Sindhi Christians]], [[Punjabis]], [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]], [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthanis]] | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[File:Jhulelal hindu deity.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]]'' | [[File:Jhulelal hindu deity.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]]'' ([[Varuna]]), the popular deity of the Sindhi Hindus.]] | ||
'''Sindhi Hindus''' are [[Sindhis]] who | '''Sindhi Hindus''' are ethnic [[Sindhis]] who practice [[Hinduism]] and are native to, or have origins in, [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]. They are spread across Sindh, primarily concentrated in the eastern districts; with a significant [[Sindhis in India|diasporic population in India]], mainly composing the descendants of [[Partition of India|partition]]-era migrants who fled from Pakistan to the [[Dominion of India]], in what was a wholesale exchange of Hindu and Muslim populations in some areas. Some later emigrated from the [[Indian subcontinent]] and settled in other parts of the world.<ref>Rita Kothari, ''Burden of Refuge: Sindh, Gujarat, Partition,'' Orient Blackswan</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tribune.com.pk/story/388663/who-orchestrated-the-exodus-of-sindhi-hindus-after-partition |title = Who orchestrated the exodus of Sindhi Hindus after Partition? |last=Nil |date=June 4, 2012 |website = tribune.com.pk |publisher=The Express Tribune |access-date = 29 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author = Nandita bhavnani |title = The making of exile: sindhi hindus and the partition of india |date=2014 |publisher = Tranquebar Press |isbn = 978-93-84030-33-9 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=n_8aBAAAQBAJ&q=Save+Sindh%2C+Save+the+Continent.&pg=PT330 |access-date = 12 September 2015}}</ref> | ||
According to the [[ | According to the [[2023 Pakistani Census|2023 census]], there are 4.9 million Sindhi Hindus residing within the Sindh province of Pakistan with major population centres being [[Mirpur Khas Division]] and [[Hyderabad Division]] that combined account for more than 2 million of them.<ref name="pakcensus" /> Meanwhile, the 2011 census listed 2.77 million speakers of Sindhi in India, including speakers of [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]],<ref name="2011 Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=Census of India 2011|last=Data on Language and Mother Tongue|page= 7}}</ref> a number that does not include Sindhi Hindus who no longer speak the Sindhi language. The vast majority of Sindhi Hindus living in India belong to the [[Lohana]] ''[[jāti]]'', which includes the sub-groups of [[Amils|Amil]], [[Bhaiband]] and [[Sahiti (Lohana)|Sahiti]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ramey|first=S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv2ADAAAQBAJ&dq=lohana+cook&pg=PA19|title=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond|date=2008-10-27|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-61622-6|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Schaflechner|first=Jürgen|title=Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|pages=71–75}}</ref> | ||
== Hinduism in Sindh == | == History of Hinduism in Sindh == | ||
{{Main article|Hinduism in Sindh}} | |||
=== Before the Arab invasions === | |||
Prior to Arab invasions, majority of [[Sindh]]'s population practiced [[Buddhism]], although a significant minority adhered to [[Hinduism]], as well.<ref>{{cite book |date=October 31, 2008 |author=[[Jamal Malik|Malik, Jamal]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xu15DwAAQBAJ |access-date=September 15, 2023 |title=Islam in South Asia: A Short History |page=40 |quote=Sind's majority population followed Hindu traditions but a substantial minority was Buddhist. |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |isbn=978-90-474-4181-6 |language=en-PK }}</ref> During the Arab invasions, majority of Sindhi Hindus were a rural pastoral population, who lived mostly in upper Sindh, a region that was entirely [[Hindu]]; while the Buddhists of Sindh were a mercantile population, who lived entirely in the urban areas of lower Sindh.<ref name=Maclean /> | |||
=== Arab rule === | |||
After many successful raids, collaboration by the local [[Buddhist]] population, and resistance by the local [[Hindu]] population, the army of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] led by [[Muhammad Bin Qasim]] successfully invaded and [[Umayyad conquest of Sindh|conquered]] Sindh in 712 CE, against the last [[Hindu]] king of Sindh, [[Raja Dahir]].<ref>{{cite book |date=May 1999 |author=[[Alf Hiltebeitel|Hiltebeitel, Alf]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV-RrRoMzbgC&dq=buddhist+collaboration+sindh&pg=PA281 |access-date=September 15, 2023 |title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi Among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits |quote=While the results of Buddhist collaboration in Sind were short-lived, the history of Hinduism there continued in multiple forms, first with Brahman-led resistance continuing in upper Sind around Multan... |isbn=9780226340500 |page=281 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |language=en-US }}</ref> | |||
Sindh, under the control of Qasim, saw a decline of Buddhism, as most Buddhists started converting to Islam. The later reign of the Delhi Sultanate, led to further decline, with both [[Hinduism and Buddhism]] becoming minority religions in Sindh. Buddhism later collapsed and ceased to exist in Sindh, while Hinduism remained persistent, managing to survive and flourish throughout the centuries as a minority religion. The consistency of Hinduism in Sindh is attributed to the dependency of the rural Hindu population on intra-regional commerce and flexibility to adapt to altered circumstances.<ref name=Maclean>{{cite web |year=1989 |last=Maclean |first=Derryl N. |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/3b5919199?locale=en |url-status=live |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/ReligionAndSocietyInArabSind |archive-date=March 2, 2017 |title=Religion and Society in Arab Sind |pages=123–132 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> | |||
== Family | === Partition and after === | ||
Prior to the partition of India, as per the 1941 census, the Sindhi Hindu population accounted for around 27% of Sindh's population, most of whom moved to India. Today, Sindhi Hindus in Pakistan number around 4.2 million, around 9% of the region's population. Sindhi Hindus are the largest ethnolinguistic Hindu group in Pakistan. <ref name="gulfnews777">{{cite news|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/hindus-of-pakistan-reject-caa-do-not-want-indian-prime-minister-modis-offer-of-citizenship-1.68552370|title=Hindus of Pakistan reject CAA, do not want Indian Prime Minister Modi's offer of citizenship|date=18 December 2019|work=Gulf News|access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref> Those remaining in Pakistan face religious persecution and discrimination. Reports cite instances of violence against Sindhi Hindus, unequal economic opportunities, and the forced conversion of women to Islam. These conditions have caused continued mass migration and created a significant refugee population, with activists often criticizing the state's failure to address these violations. <ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Minority Rights Group |date=2019-04-23 |title=The situation of Hindus in Pakistan; Reports from Pakistan: Tracing the challenges facing religious minorities in South Asia |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2007124.html |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=http://stories.minorityrights.org/pakistan-religious-minorities/chapter/pakistani-hindus-migrating-to-india/ |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Religious syncretism with Islam and Sikhism == | |||
Historically, Sindhi Hindus have embraced forms of [[religious syncretism]], as a large proportion of the Sindhi Hindus have been close to [[Islam]] through revering [[Sufi Saints of South Asia|Sufi saints]] at [[Sufi shrine|Sufi shrines]] as well close to [[Sikhism]] through the [[Nanakpanthi]], an approach in which [[Guru Nanak]]'s teachings are respected but without necessarily following the other gurus nor identifying as [[Sikhs]].<ref>Ramey, Steven W. 2008. ''Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond''. New York: [[Springer Publishing|Springer]].</ref> | |||
== Groups and communities == | |||
Majority of Sindhi Hindus belong to [[Lohana]] community who are historically traders, merchants and government officials, The Sindhi Lohanas are divided into different sub-groups for example Amils, Bhaibands, Hyderabadi Bhaiband ([[Sindhi workies|Sindhi Varki]]), Sahitis, Shikarpuris, Hatvaniya/Hatwara, Thattai, [[Bhagnari]] etc, these sub-groups have their own hundreds of surnames/castes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hīrānandāṇī |first=Popaṭī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ZjAAAAMAAJ&q=sahiti+sindhi |title=History of Sindhi Literature: Post-independence, 1947-1978 |date=1984 |publisher=Prof. Popati R. Hiranandani |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> Other communities are [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]] (Larai and Utradi), [[Arora]] and small Shikarpuri Khatris,<ref>{{Cite book |last=DADUZEN |first=Dayal N. Harjani aka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4ZlDwAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+khatri&pg=PT250 |title=Sindhi Roots & Rituals - Part 1 |date=2018-07-19 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64249-289-7 |language=en}}</ref> all of them are called as Wāniya and Deewān in Sindh and belong to [[Vaishya|Waishya]] Varna of Hinduism. There are also few Sindhi [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] for example Pokarno and [[Saraswat Brahmin|Sarsat or Sarsudh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZQMzQLsyk0C&q=Brahman |title=Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus |date=1851 |publisher=W. H. Allen |pages=310 |language=en |quote=As usual among the Hindoo race, wherever it is settled, they have divided themselves into different tribes. The Satawarna, or seven castes of Indians in Sindh, are as follows:--1. Brahman; 2. Lohano; 3. Bhatio; 4. Sahto; 5. Waishya (including a number of trades as Wahun, grain-toaster; Khatti, dyer, &c.); 6. Panjabi; and 7. Sonaro. Five of these belong, properly speaking, to the Waishya (the third, or merchant) division of pure Indians. The seventh is a mixed caste, descended from a Brahman father and a Shudra mother.}}</ref> | |||
Hindu Rajputs are mainly found in [[Thar Desert of Sindh|Thar]] region. The tribal groups like [[Dhedh|Dhed]], [[Sindhi Bhils|Bhils]], [[Meghwal|Meghwars]], [[Kolhi|Kolhis]] etc form second largest group among Sindhi Hindus and are mostly found in Southeast of Sindh. The Sindhi Hindus do not have caste based division nor the concept of higher caste or lower caste, there is no evil of [[untouchability]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hīrānandāṇī |first=Popaṭī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ZjAAAAMAAJ&q=sahiti+sindhi |title=History of Sindhi Literature: Post-independence, 1947-1978 |date=1984 |publisher=Prof. Popati R. Hiranandani |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Sindhi Hindus in India == | |||
{{Main article|Sindhis in India}} | |||
=== Partition === | |||
During the first half of 1948, approximately 1 million Sindhi Hindus immigrated to India.<ref>The Partition Museum | |||
https://www.partitionmuseum.org › ... | |||
Partition of India - 1947 Partition, History</ref> Various refugee colonies have been set up by [[Government of India]] for accommodation of Sindhi refugees across the nation like: [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gandhidham]], [[Kandla]] and [[Adipur]] camps in [[Gujarat]], [[Sindhi Camp|Sindhi Camp bus stand]] in [[Rajasthan]]'s capital [[Jaipur]], Cox Town camp in [[Karnataka]]'s capital [[Bangalore]] and Ulhasnagar (Kalyan Camp) in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Aggarwal |first=Saaz |author-link=Saaz Aggarwal |date=13 August 2022 |title=How refugees from Sindh rebuilt their lives – and India – after Partition |url=https://scroll.in/article/1030368/the-story-of-sindh-and-how-its-refugees-rebuilt-their-lives-and-india-after-partition |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> | |||
=== Contemporary situation === | |||
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], there are around 2.8 million Sindhi-language speakers living in India, however, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak Sindhi and includes [[Kutchi people|Kutchis]] who in some cases may not identify as ethnic Sindhis (especially those in [[Gujarat]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/govt-schools-in-up-to-teach-about-sindhi-deities-personalities-and-freedom-fighters-from-this-academic-session-in-prayagraj-101684852049571.html | title=Now, class 6th & 8th students of U.P. Govt schools to learn about Sindhi deities, personalities | date=23 May 2023 |quote=As per the 2011 census, there are 2,772,364 Sindhi speakers in India. However, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak the language. }}</ref> Sindhis formed a major-chunk of population of [[Ulhasnagar]] Municipality ([[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]), Maharashtra. The population of Ulhasnagar city is 500k, out of which 400k of the residents are Sindhis, thus constituting 80% of the city's population as per 2011 census report. Ulhasnagar is also known as India's "Mini Sindh" due to having the highest concentration of Sindhis in one city in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-sindhi-conversions-in-ulhasnagar-raise-a-storm-1351837 | title=Sindhi conversions in Ulhasnagar raise a storm }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/ulhasnagar-brands-of-ethnicity/210645|title=Ulhasnagar : Brands Of Ethnicity}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/made-in-usa-ulhasnagar-sindhi-association-how-sindhis-created-businesses-after-partition/1107658/ | title='Made in USA—Ulhasnagar Sindhi Association': How Sindhis created businesses after Partition | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=4 September 2022 }}</ref> | |||
== Family names == | |||
=== Conventions === | === Conventions === | ||
Most Sindhi Hindu family names are a modified form of a [[patronymic]] and typically end with the suffix '''''"-ani"''''', which is used to denote descent from a common male ancestor. One explanation states that the -ani suffix is a [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] variant of 'anshi', derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word 'ansh', which means 'descended from' (see: [[Devanshi]]). The first part of a Sindhi Hindu surname is usually derived from the name or location of an ancestor. In northern Sindh, surnames ending in 'ja' (meaning 'of') are also common. A person's surname would consist of the name of his or her native village, followed by 'ja'. The Sindhi Hindus generally add the suffix ‘-ani’ to the name of a great-grandfather and adopt the name as a family name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhishaan.com/article/history/hist_01_02c.html|title=Sindhishaan - Whats in Name|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sindhisms.blogspot.sg/p/sindhi-surnames.html|title=Sindhi Surnames|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tarun-sakhrani/the-sindhis-of-sindh_b_8894284.html|title=The Sindhis of Sindh And Beyond|work=Huffington Post|access-date=9 August 2016|first=Tarun|last=Sakhrani}}</ref> | Most Sindhi Hindu family names are a modified form of a [[patronymic]] and typically end with the suffix '''''"-ani"''''', which is used to denote descent from a common male ancestor. One explanation states that the -ani suffix is a [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] variant of 'anshi', derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word 'ansh', which means 'descended from' (see: [[Devanshi]]). The first part of a Sindhi Hindu surname is usually derived from the name or location of an ancestor. In northern Sindh, surnames ending in 'ja' (meaning 'of') are also common. A person's surname would consist of the name of his or her native village, followed by 'ja'. The Sindhi Hindus generally add the suffix ‘-ani’ to the name of a great-grandfather and adopt the name as a family name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhishaan.com/article/history/hist_01_02c.html|title=Sindhishaan - Whats in Name|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sindhisms.blogspot.sg/p/sindhi-surnames.html|title=Sindhi Surnames|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tarun-sakhrani/the-sindhis-of-sindh_b_8894284.html|title=The Sindhis of Sindh And Beyond|work=Huffington Post|date=4 January 2016|access-date=9 August 2016|first=Tarun|last=Sakhrani}}</ref> | ||
=== Surnames === | === Surnames === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Sindhi Amil Lohana | |Sindhi Amil Lohana | ||
|[[Advani]], [[Ahuja]], [[Ajwani]], [[Bathija]], [[Bhambhani]], [[Bhavnani]], [[Bijlani]], [[Chhablani]], [[Chabria|Chhabira]], [[Chhugani]], [[Chugani]], [[Dadlani]], [[Daryani]], [[Dudani]], [[Essarani]], [[Gabrani]], [[Gidwani]], [[Gurnani]], [[Hingorani]], [[Hemrajani ]], [[Idnani]], [[Israni|Issrani]], [[Jagtiani]], [[Jhangiani]], [[Kandharani]], [[Karnani]], [[Kewalramani]], [[Khubchandani]], [[Kriplani]], [[Haswani]],[[Lalwani]], [[ | |[[Advani]], [[Ahuja]], [[Ajwani]], [[Bathija]], [[Bhambhani]], [[Bhavnani]], [[Bijlani]], [[Chanchlani]], [[Chhablani]], [[Chabria|Chhabira]], [[Chhugani]], [[Chugani]], [[Dadlani]], [[Daryani]], [[Dudani]], [[Essarani]], [[Gabrani]], [[Gidwani]], [[Gurnani]], [[Hingorani]], [[Hemrajani ]], [[Idnani]], [[Israni|Issrani]], [[Jagtiani]], [[Jaisinghani]], [[Jhangiani]], [[Kandharani]], [[Karnani]], [[Kewalramani]], [[Kewlani]], [[Khubchandani]], [[Kriplani]], [[Haswani]],[[Hiranandani]], [[Lalwani]], [[Lalchandani]], Mahtani, [[Makhija]], [[Malkani]], [[Manghirmalani]], [[Manglani]], [[Manshani]], [[Mansukhani]], [[Mirchandani]], [[Motwani]], [[Makhija|Mukhija]], [[Panjwani]], [[Punwani]], [[Ramchandani]], [[Raisinghani]], [[Rijhsanghani]], [[Sadarangani|Rohira, Sadarangani]], [[Shahani]], [[Shahukarani]], Shivdasani, [[Sipahimalani]] (shortened to Sippy in many instances), [[Sitlani]], [[Sarabhai]], [[Singhania (disambiguation)|Singhania]], [[Takthani]], [[Thadani]], [[Tanwani]], [[Vaswani]], [[Wadhwani]] and [[Uttamsinghani]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Sindhi Bhaiband Lohana | |'''Sindhi Bhaiband Lohana''' | ||
|[[Aishani]], [[Agahni]], [[Anandani]], [[Aneja]], [[Ambwani]], [[Asija]], [[Bablani]], [[Bajaj (surname)|Bajaj]], [[Bhagwani]], [[Bhaglani]], [[Bhojwani]], [[Bhagnani]], [[Balani (surname)|Balani]], [[Baharwani]], [[Biyani]], [[Bodhani]], [[Channa]], [[Choithani|Chothani]], [[Dalwani]], [[Damani (name)|Damani]], [[Dhingra|Dhingria]], [[Dolani]], [[Dodeja|Dudeja]], [[Gangwani]], [[Ganglani]], [[Gulrajani | |[[Aishani]], [[Agahni]], [[Anandani]], [[Aneja]], [[Ambwani]], [[Asija]], [[Bablani]], [[Bajaj (surname)|Bajaj]], [[Bhagwani]], [[Bhaglani]], [[Bhojwani]], [[Bhagnani]], [[Balani (surname)|Balani]], [[Baharwani]], [[Biyani]], [[Bodhani]], [[Chandiramani]], [[Channa]], [[Chattani]], [[Choithani|Chothani]], [[Chughani]], [[Dalwani]], [[Damani (name)|Damani]], [[Devnani]], [[Dhingra|Dhingria]], [[Dolani]], [[Dodeja|Dudeja]], [[Gangwani]], [[Ganglani]], [[Gulrajani]], [[Hotwani]], [[Harwani]], [[Jagwani]], [[Jamtani]], [[Sindi ladi (caste)|Jobanputra]], [[Juneja]], [[Jumani]], [[Katejs|Kateja]], [[Kodwani]], [[Khabrani]], [[Khanchandani]], [[Khushalani]], Kirpalani, [[Lakhani tribe|Lakhani]], [[Lanjwani]], [[Laungani|Longan]], [[Lachhwani]], [[Ludhwani]], [[Lulia]], [[Lokwani]], [[Manghnani]], [[Mamtani]], [[Melwani]], [[Mirani (tribe)|Mirani]], [[Mirpuri (surname)|Mirpuri]], [[Mirwani]], [[Mohinani]], [[Mulchandani]], [[Nihalani]], [[Nankani]], [[Nathani]], [[Parwani]], [[PHULL|Phull]], [[Qaimkhani]], [[Ratlani]], [[Rajpal]], [[Rustamani]], [[Ruprela]], Rajwani, Rijhwani, Ramnani, [[Sambhavani]], [[Santdasani]], [[Shamdasani]], [[Soneji]], [[Setia]], [[Sewani]], [[Tewani|Tejwani]], [[Tilokani]], [[Tirthani]], [[Wassan]], [[Vangani]], [[Varlani]], [[Vishnani]], [[Visrani]], [[Virwani]] and [[Valbani]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Notable Sindhi Hindus == | == Notable Sindhi Hindus == | ||
{{Main|List of Sindhi people}}<!-- | {{Main|List of Sindhi people}} | ||
* [[ | |||
* [[ | <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[ | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
* [[ | * [[Bherumal Meharchand Advani]], linguist, historian, novelist, poet, researcher | ||
* [[ | * [[Kalyan Bulchand Advani]], poet, critique, scholar | ||
* [[Asrani]], Indian comedian and actor | * [[Kiara Advani]], Indian actress | ||
* [[ | * [[L. K. Advani]], former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]] | ||
* [[Nikkhil Advani]], Indian movie director and screenwriter | |||
* [[Pankaj Advani (billiards player)|Pankaj Advani]], 23 times world champion in snooker and billiards from India. | |||
* [[Suresh H. Advani]], [[oncologist]] who pioneered [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] in India | |||
* [[Asrani]], Indian comedian and actor | |||
* [[Kirat Babani]], freedom fighter, writer, journalist | |||
* [[Babita]], Indian film actress | * [[Babita]], Indian film actress | ||
* [[ | * [[Anant Balani]], Indian film director | ||
* [[Rana Bhagwandas]], Judge on the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] | * [[Rana Bhagwandas]], Judge on the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] | ||
* [[Deepak Bhojwani]], | * [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], Indian actress | ||
* [[Aarti Chabria]], | * [[Deepak Bhojwani]], Indian diplomat | ||
* [[Vishal Dadlani]], | * [[Aarti Chabria]], actress | ||
* [[Brahma Chellaney]], geostrategist and author | |||
* [[Vishal Dadlani]], playback singer | |||
* [[Jairamdas Daulatram]], political leader in the Indian independence movement, Governor of the Indian states of Bihar and later Assam | |||
* [[Dahir of Aror|Raja Dahir]], the last Hindu king of [[Brahmin dynasty|Sindh]] | |||
* [[Bhai Pratap Dialdas]], freedom fighter, businessman, philanthropist | * [[Bhai Pratap Dialdas]], freedom fighter, businessman, philanthropist | ||
* [[Harish Fabiani]], Indian (NRI) businessman based in [[Madrid]] | |||
* [[Harish Fabiani]], Indian (NRI) businessman based in [[Madrid]] | |||
* [[Khialdas Fani]], writer, poet, singer | * [[Khialdas Fani]], writer, poet, singer | ||
* [[Sobho Gianchandani]], Pakistani Sindhi social scientist, and revolutionary writer | * [[Sobho Gianchandani]], Pakistani Sindhi social scientist, and revolutionary writer | ||
* [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], full name Gope Kamlani, actor in Hindi cinema | |||
* [[Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani]], Educationist, Scholar and Writer | * [[Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani]], Educationist, Scholar and Writer | ||
* [[Hari Harilela]], Indian businessman based in Hong Kong | * [[Hari Harilela]], Indian businessman based in Hong Kong | ||
* [[Jimmi Harkishin]], British Asian actor | |||
* [[Anita Hassanandani]], Indian actress | * [[Anita Hassanandani]], Indian actress | ||
* [[Gopichand Hinduja]], British businessman, co-chairman of the [[Hinduja Group]] | * [[Gopichand Hinduja]], British businessman, co-chairman of the [[Hinduja Group]] | ||
* [[Indira Hinduja]], | * [[Indira Hinduja]], Indian gynaecologist, obstetrician and infertility specialist who pioneered the Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) technique | ||
* [[Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani]], Indian Navy officer who served as the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff | |||
* [[Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani]], Indian [[Otorhinolaryngologist]] | |||
* [[Niranjan Hiranandani]], co-founder and managing director of [[Hiranandani Group]] | * [[Niranjan Hiranandani]], co-founder and managing director of [[Hiranandani Group]] | ||
* [[Popati Hiranandani]], writer | * [[Popati Hiranandani]], writer | ||
* [[Surendra Hiranandani]], co-founder and managing director of [[Hiranandani Group]] | * [[Surendra Hiranandani]], co-founder and managing director of [[Hiranandani Group]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Rajkumar Hirani]], popular Indian film director and editor | ||
* [[ | * [[Narendra Hirwani]], Indian cricketer | ||
* [[Micky Jagtiani]], chairman and owner of [[Landmark Group]] | * [[Micky Jagtiani]], chairman and owner of [[Landmark Group]] | ||
* [[Kamna Jethmalani]], Indian actress | * [[Gurumukh Das Jagwani|Dr Gurmukh Das Jagwani]], former Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] | ||
* [[Ram Jethmalani]], Indian senior lawyer, former Law Minister of India | * [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], Indian actor | ||
* [[Motilal Jotwani]], Indian writer, educator, follower of [[Gandhi]], fellow of [[Harvard Divinity School]] | * [[Kamna Jethmalani]], Indian actress | ||
* [[Hemu Kalani]], freedom fighter | * [[Ram Jethmalani]], Indian senior lawyer, former Law Minister of India | ||
* [[Atul Khatri]], | * [[Motilal Jotwani]], Indian writer, educator, follower of [[Gandhi]], fellow of [[Harvard Divinity School]] | ||
* [[Chanda Kochhar]] (née Advani), Former MD and chief executive officer of [[ICICI Bank]] | * [[Hemu Kalani]], freedom fighter | ||
* [[Krishna Kohli | * [[Atul Khatri]], stand-up comedian | ||
* [[Rooplo Kolhi]], freedom fighter. | * [[Chanda Kochhar]] (née Advani), Former MD and chief executive officer of [[ICICI Bank]] | ||
* [[Krishna Kohli]], Senator, [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] | |||
* [[Rooplo Kolhi]], freedom fighter | |||
* [[J. B. Kripalani]], freedom fighter and President of [[Indian National Congress]] | |||
* [[Jayant Kripalani]], Film, Television and Stage actor | * [[Jayant Kripalani]], Film, Television and Stage actor | ||
* [[ | * [[Krishna Kripalani]], freedom fighter, author and parliamentarian | ||
* [[ | * [[Ajith Kumar]], Indian film actor | ||
* [[Gulu Lalvani]], chairman of [[Binatone]] | * [[Gulu Lalvani]], chairman of [[Binatone]] | ||
* [[Kartar Lalvani]], founder and chairman of [[Vitabiotics]] | * [[Kartar Lalvani]], founder and chairman of [[Vitabiotics]] | ||
* [[Nikita Lalwani]], Indian novelist based in London | * [[Nikita Lalwani]], Indian novelist based in London | ||
* [[Tej Lalvani]], CEO of the UK's largest vitamin company [[Vitabiotics]] | * [[Tej Lalvani]], CEO of the UK's largest vitamin company [[Vitabiotics]] | ||
* [[Shankar Lalwani]], Indian politician and Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Indore, | * [[Shankar Lalwani]], Indian politician and Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. | ||
* [[Kishore Mahbubani]], Singaporean diplomat | * [[Kishore Mahbubani]], Singaporean diplomat | ||
* [[K. R. Malkani]], journalist, historian and politician | * [[Vivek Mahbubani]], Hong Kong comedian | ||
* [[N. R. Malkani]], freedom fighter and social worker | * [[K. R. Malkani]], journalist, historian and politician | ||
* [[Rajeev Masand]], Indian film critic | * [[Mangharam Udharam Malkani]], Sindhi scholar, critic, writer, playwright, literary historian and professor | ||
* [[Rajesh Mirchandani]], global communications leader and former British television journalist | * [[N. R. Malkani]], freedom fighter and social worker | ||
* [[Rajeev Masand]], Indian film critic | |||
* [[Hansika Motwani]], Indian actress | * [[Rajesh Mirchandani]], global communications leader and former British television journalist | ||
* [[Rajeev Motwani]], | * [[Hansika Motwani]], Indian actress | ||
* [[Kabir Mulchandani]], Indian businessman | * [[Rajeev Motwani]], computer scientist, Professor at Stanford University, He was an early supporter and advisor of companies like [[Google]] and [[PayPal]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Kabir Mulchandani]], Indian businessman | ||
* [[ | * [[Seth Vishandas Nihalchand]], merchant and former member of [[Indian National Congress]] at the time of Independence | ||
* [[Lila Poonawalla]] (née Thadani), | * [[Archie Panjabi|Archana Panjabi]], British actress | ||
* [[Lila Poonawalla]] (née Thadani), Indian industrialist, philanthropist, humanitarian and the founder of Lila Poonawalla Foundation | |||
* [[Kala Prakash]], fiction writer | |||
* [[Moti Prakash]], poet | |||
* [[Chandru Raheja]], property developer | * [[Chandru Raheja]], property developer | ||
* [[ | * [[Sushil Rajpal]], Indian cameraman, producer, director | ||
* [[Bhagat Kanwar Ram]], saint | * [[Bhagat Kanwar Ram]], saint | ||
* [[Bulo C Rani]], Indian music director | * [[Bulo C Rani]], Indian music director | ||
* [[G. S. Sainani]], Indian general physician, medical researcher, medical writer and an Emeritus Professor of the National Academy of Medical Sciences | * [[Gulabrai Ramchand]], Indian cricketer | ||
* [[Meera Sanyal]] (née Hiranandani), was an Indian banker and politician. She served as CEO and chairperson of the Royal Bank of Scotland in India | * [[Ishwardas Rohani]], Indian politician and former Speaker of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] | ||
* [[ | * Aryan Rohira, Sindhi-American Entrepreneur, Bollywood DJ, and published academic | ||
* [[ | * [[G. S. Sainani]], Indian general physician, medical researcher, medical writer and an Emeritus Professor of the National Academy of Medical Sciences | ||
* [[ | * [[Meera Sanyal]] (née Hiranandani), was an Indian banker and politician. She served as CEO and chairperson of the Royal Bank of Scotland in India | ||
* [[Aftab Shivdasani]], Indian film actor | |||
* [[Hari Shivdasani]], film director and actor | |||
* [[Sadhana Shivdasani]], Indian film actress | |||
* [[Sonu Shivdasani]], founder and CEO of [[Soneva]] | |||
* [[Ranveer Singh]], Indian actor | * [[Ranveer Singh]], Indian actor | ||
* [[G. P. Sippy]], Bollywood movie producer and director | * [[G. P. Sippy]], Bollywood movie producer and director | ||
* [[Ramesh Sippy]], Bollywood movie producer and director | * [[Ramesh Sippy]], Bollywood movie producer and director | ||
* [[Anjana Sukhani]], | * [[Sobhraj Nirmaldas Sujansingani]], writer and poet | ||
* [[ | * [[Anjana Sukhani]], actress | ||
* [[Tarun Tahiliani]], Indian fashion designer | * [[Dalip Tahil]] Indian film, television and theatre actor | ||
* [[Hiten Tejwani]], Indian actor | * [[Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani]], Former Chief of the Naval Staff, India | ||
* [[Sundri Uttamchandani]], | * [[Tarun Tahiliani]], Indian fashion designer | ||
* [[ | * [[Hiten Tejwani]], Indian actor | ||
* [[Sunil Vaswani]], chairman of the [[Stallion Group]] | * [[Sundri Uttamchandani]], Indian writer | ||
* [[Harchandrai Vishandas]], British Indian attorney, politician and former mayor of Karachi | * [[Ashish Vaswani]], ex computer scientist with Google Brain, introduced Transformer neural network architecture, ceo of Essential.ai | ||
* [[Chunky Vazirani]], Founder of vazirani-automotive.com | |||
* [[Romesh Wadhwani]], chairman and CEO of [[Symphony Technology Group]] (STG), an alumnus of [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] | * [[Sunil Vaswani]], chairman of the [[Stallion Group]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Harchandrai Vishandas]], British Indian attorney, politician and former mayor of Karachi | ||
* [[ | * [[Romesh Wadhwani]], chairman and CEO of [[Symphony Technology Group]] (STG), an alumnus of [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Sudhir]], Film Actor | ||
* [[ | * [[Tulsi Ramsay|Tulsi Ramsey]], filmmaker | ||
* [[ | * [[Shyam Ramsay|Shyam Ramsey]], filmmaker | ||
* [[Ramsay Brothers|F U Ramsay]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Ramsay Brothers|Kumar Ramsay]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Ramsay Brothers|Arjun Ramsay]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Ramsay Brothers|Keshu Ramsay]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Ramsay Brothers|Kiran Ramsay]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Mac Mohan]], film actor | |||
* [[Raj Kiran (actor)|Raj Kiran]], film actor | |||
* [[Sheila Ramani|Shiela Ramani]], film actor | |||
* [[Govind Nihalani]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Pahlaj Nihalani|Pahalaj Nihalani]], filmmaker | |||
* [[Arjun Hingorani]], filmmaker | |||
*[[Bhagwanti Navani]], singer | |||
*[[Master Chander|Master Chandur]], singer | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> | |||
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 181: | Line 233: | ||
[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia]] | [[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in India]] | [[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in India]] | ||
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus| ]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:15, 28 March 2026
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 7.5 million | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Pakistan | 4,901,407 (2023)[1][2][3] |
 India | 2,772,264 (2011)[lower-alpha 1][4][5] |
| Languages | |
| Sindhi Additionally Hindi-Urdu, Kutchi, Gujarati, Rajasthani, and English | |
| Religion | |
 Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Sindhi Muslims, Sindhi Sikhs, Sindhi Christians, Punjabis, Gujaratis, Rajasthanis | |
Sindhi Hindus are ethnic Sindhis who practice Hinduism and are native to, or have origins in, Sindh, Pakistan. They are spread across Sindh, primarily concentrated in the eastern districts; with a significant diasporic population in India, mainly composing the descendants of partition-era migrants who fled from Pakistan to the Dominion of India, in what was a wholesale exchange of Hindu and Muslim populations in some areas. Some later emigrated from the Indian subcontinent and settled in other parts of the world.[6][7][8]
According to the 2023 census, there are 4.9 million Sindhi Hindus residing within the Sindh province of Pakistan with major population centres being Mirpur Khas Division and Hyderabad Division that combined account for more than 2 million of them.[3] Meanwhile, the 2011 census listed 2.77 million speakers of Sindhi in India, including speakers of Kutchi,[9] a number that does not include Sindhi Hindus who no longer speak the Sindhi language. The vast majority of Sindhi Hindus living in India belong to the Lohana jāti, which includes the sub-groups of Amil, Bhaiband and Sahiti.[10][11]
History of Hinduism in Sindh[edit | edit source]
Before the Arab invasions[edit | edit source]
Prior to Arab invasions, majority of Sindh's population practiced Buddhism, although a significant minority adhered to Hinduism, as well.[12] During the Arab invasions, majority of Sindhi Hindus were a rural pastoral population, who lived mostly in upper Sindh, a region that was entirely Hindu; while the Buddhists of Sindh were a mercantile population, who lived entirely in the urban areas of lower Sindh.[13]
Arab rule[edit | edit source]
After many successful raids, collaboration by the local Buddhist population, and resistance by the local Hindu population, the army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Muhammad Bin Qasim successfully invaded and conquered Sindh in 712 CE, against the last Hindu king of Sindh, Raja Dahir.[14]
Sindh, under the control of Qasim, saw a decline of Buddhism, as most Buddhists started converting to Islam. The later reign of the Delhi Sultanate, led to further decline, with both Hinduism and Buddhism becoming minority religions in Sindh. Buddhism later collapsed and ceased to exist in Sindh, while Hinduism remained persistent, managing to survive and flourish throughout the centuries as a minority religion. The consistency of Hinduism in Sindh is attributed to the dependency of the rural Hindu population on intra-regional commerce and flexibility to adapt to altered circumstances.[13]
Partition and after[edit | edit source]
Prior to the partition of India, as per the 1941 census, the Sindhi Hindu population accounted for around 27% of Sindh's population, most of whom moved to India. Today, Sindhi Hindus in Pakistan number around 4.2 million, around 9% of the region's population. Sindhi Hindus are the largest ethnolinguistic Hindu group in Pakistan. [15] Those remaining in Pakistan face religious persecution and discrimination. Reports cite instances of violence against Sindhi Hindus, unequal economic opportunities, and the forced conversion of women to Islam. These conditions have caused continued mass migration and created a significant refugee population, with activists often criticizing the state's failure to address these violations. [16]
Religious syncretism with Islam and Sikhism[edit | edit source]
Historically, Sindhi Hindus have embraced forms of religious syncretism, as a large proportion of the Sindhi Hindus have been close to Islam through revering Sufi saints at Sufi shrines as well close to Sikhism through the Nanakpanthi, an approach in which Guru Nanak's teachings are respected but without necessarily following the other gurus nor identifying as Sikhs.[17]
Groups and communities[edit | edit source]
Majority of Sindhi Hindus belong to Lohana community who are historically traders, merchants and government officials, The Sindhi Lohanas are divided into different sub-groups for example Amils, Bhaibands, Hyderabadi Bhaiband (Sindhi Varki), Sahitis, Shikarpuris, Hatvaniya/Hatwara, Thattai, Bhagnari etc, these sub-groups have their own hundreds of surnames/castes.[18] Other communities are Bhatia (Larai and Utradi), Arora and small Shikarpuri Khatris,[19] all of them are called as Wāniya and Deewān in Sindh and belong to Waishya Varna of Hinduism. There are also few Sindhi Brahmins for example Pokarno and Sarsat or Sarsudh.[20]
Hindu Rajputs are mainly found in Thar region. The tribal groups like Dhed, Bhils, Meghwars, Kolhis etc form second largest group among Sindhi Hindus and are mostly found in Southeast of Sindh. The Sindhi Hindus do not have caste based division nor the concept of higher caste or lower caste, there is no evil of untouchability.[21]
Sindhi Hindus in India[edit | edit source]
Partition[edit | edit source]
During the first half of 1948, approximately 1 million Sindhi Hindus immigrated to India.[22] Various refugee colonies have been set up by Government of India for accommodation of Sindhi refugees across the nation like: Ahmedabad, Gandhidham, Kandla and Adipur camps in Gujarat, Sindhi Camp bus stand in Rajasthan's capital Jaipur, Cox Town camp in Karnataka's capital Bangalore and Ulhasnagar (Kalyan Camp) in Maharashtra.[23]
Contemporary situation[edit | edit source]
According to the 2011 Census of India, there are around 2.8 million Sindhi-language speakers living in India, however, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak Sindhi and includes Kutchis who in some cases may not identify as ethnic Sindhis (especially those in Gujarat).[24] Sindhis formed a major-chunk of population of Ulhasnagar Municipality (Mumbai Metropolitan Region), Maharashtra. The population of Ulhasnagar city is 500k, out of which 400k of the residents are Sindhis, thus constituting 80% of the city's population as per 2011 census report. Ulhasnagar is also known as India's "Mini Sindh" due to having the highest concentration of Sindhis in one city in India.[25][26][27]
Family names[edit | edit source]
Conventions[edit | edit source]
Most Sindhi Hindu family names are a modified form of a patronymic and typically end with the suffix "-ani", which is used to denote descent from a common male ancestor. One explanation states that the -ani suffix is a Sindhi variant of 'anshi', derived from the Sanskrit word 'ansh', which means 'descended from' (see: Devanshi). The first part of a Sindhi Hindu surname is usually derived from the name or location of an ancestor. In northern Sindh, surnames ending in 'ja' (meaning 'of') are also common. A person's surname would consist of the name of his or her native village, followed by 'ja'. The Sindhi Hindus generally add the suffix ‘-ani’ to the name of a great-grandfather and adopt the name as a family name.[28][29][30]
Surnames[edit | edit source]
Notable Sindhi Hindus[edit | edit source]
- Bherumal Meharchand Advani, linguist, historian, novelist, poet, researcher
- Kalyan Bulchand Advani, poet, critique, scholar
- Kiara Advani, Indian actress
- L. K. Advani, former Deputy Prime Minister of India
- Nikkhil Advani, Indian movie director and screenwriter
- Pankaj Advani, 23 times world champion in snooker and billiards from India.
- Suresh H. Advani, oncologist who pioneered Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in India
- Asrani, Indian comedian and actor
- Kirat Babani, freedom fighter, writer, journalist
- Babita, Indian film actress
- Anant Balani, Indian film director
- Rana Bhagwandas, Judge on the Supreme Court of Pakistan
- Tamannaah Bhatia, Indian actress
- Deepak Bhojwani, Indian diplomat
- Aarti Chabria, actress
- Brahma Chellaney, geostrategist and author
- Vishal Dadlani, playback singer
- Jairamdas Daulatram, political leader in the Indian independence movement, Governor of the Indian states of Bihar and later Assam
- Raja Dahir, the last Hindu king of Sindh
- Bhai Pratap Dialdas, freedom fighter, businessman, philanthropist
- Harish Fabiani, Indian (NRI) businessman based in Madrid
- Khialdas Fani, writer, poet, singer
- Sobho Gianchandani, Pakistani Sindhi social scientist, and revolutionary writer
- Gope, full name Gope Kamlani, actor in Hindi cinema
- Hotchand Molchand Gurbakhshani, Educationist, Scholar and Writer
- Hari Harilela, Indian businessman based in Hong Kong
- Jimmi Harkishin, British Asian actor
- Anita Hassanandani, Indian actress
- Gopichand Hinduja, British businessman, co-chairman of the Hinduja Group
- Indira Hinduja, Indian gynaecologist, obstetrician and infertility specialist who pioneered the Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) technique
- Gulab Mohanlal Hiranandani, Indian Navy officer who served as the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff
- Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani, Indian Otorhinolaryngologist
- Niranjan Hiranandani, co-founder and managing director of Hiranandani Group
- Popati Hiranandani, writer
- Surendra Hiranandani, co-founder and managing director of Hiranandani Group
- Rajkumar Hirani, popular Indian film director and editor
- Narendra Hirwani, Indian cricketer
- Micky Jagtiani, chairman and owner of Landmark Group
- Dr Gurmukh Das Jagwani, former Member of Maharashtra Legislative Council
- Jeet, Indian actor
- Kamna Jethmalani, Indian actress
- Ram Jethmalani, Indian senior lawyer, former Law Minister of India
- Motilal Jotwani, Indian writer, educator, follower of Gandhi, fellow of Harvard Divinity School
- Hemu Kalani, freedom fighter
- Atul Khatri, stand-up comedian
- Chanda Kochhar (née Advani), Former MD and chief executive officer of ICICI Bank
- Krishna Kohli, Senator, Pakistan Peoples Party
- Rooplo Kolhi, freedom fighter
- J. B. Kripalani, freedom fighter and President of Indian National Congress
- Jayant Kripalani, Film, Television and Stage actor
- Krishna Kripalani, freedom fighter, author and parliamentarian
- Ajith Kumar, Indian film actor
- Gulu Lalvani, chairman of Binatone
- Kartar Lalvani, founder and chairman of Vitabiotics
- Nikita Lalwani, Indian novelist based in London
- Tej Lalvani, CEO of the UK's largest vitamin company Vitabiotics
- Shankar Lalwani, Indian politician and Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- Kishore Mahbubani, Singaporean diplomat
- Vivek Mahbubani, Hong Kong comedian
- K. R. Malkani, journalist, historian and politician
- Mangharam Udharam Malkani, Sindhi scholar, critic, writer, playwright, literary historian and professor
- N. R. Malkani, freedom fighter and social worker
- Rajeev Masand, Indian film critic
- Rajesh Mirchandani, global communications leader and former British television journalist
- Hansika Motwani, Indian actress
- Rajeev Motwani, computer scientist, Professor at Stanford University, He was an early supporter and advisor of companies like Google and PayPal
- Kabir Mulchandani, Indian businessman
- Seth Vishandas Nihalchand, merchant and former member of Indian National Congress at the time of Independence
- Archana Panjabi, British actress
- Lila Poonawalla (née Thadani), Indian industrialist, philanthropist, humanitarian and the founder of Lila Poonawalla Foundation
- Kala Prakash, fiction writer
- Moti Prakash, poet
- Chandru Raheja, property developer
- Sushil Rajpal, Indian cameraman, producer, director
- Bhagat Kanwar Ram, saint
- Bulo C Rani, Indian music director
- Gulabrai Ramchand, Indian cricketer
- Ishwardas Rohani, Indian politician and former Speaker of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
- Aryan Rohira, Sindhi-American Entrepreneur, Bollywood DJ, and published academic
- G. S. Sainani, Indian general physician, medical researcher, medical writer and an Emeritus Professor of the National Academy of Medical Sciences
- Meera Sanyal (née Hiranandani), was an Indian banker and politician. She served as CEO and chairperson of the Royal Bank of Scotland in India
- Aftab Shivdasani, Indian film actor
- Hari Shivdasani, film director and actor
- Sadhana Shivdasani, Indian film actress
- Sonu Shivdasani, founder and CEO of Soneva
- Ranveer Singh, Indian actor
- G. P. Sippy, Bollywood movie producer and director
- Ramesh Sippy, Bollywood movie producer and director
- Sobhraj Nirmaldas Sujansingani, writer and poet
- Anjana Sukhani, actress
- Dalip Tahil Indian film, television and theatre actor
- Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani, Former Chief of the Naval Staff, India
- Tarun Tahiliani, Indian fashion designer
- Hiten Tejwani, Indian actor
- Sundri Uttamchandani, Indian writer
- Ashish Vaswani, ex computer scientist with Google Brain, introduced Transformer neural network architecture, ceo of Essential.ai
- Chunky Vazirani, Founder of vazirani-automotive.com
- Sunil Vaswani, chairman of the Stallion Group
- Harchandrai Vishandas, British Indian attorney, politician and former mayor of Karachi
- Romesh Wadhwani, chairman and CEO of Symphony Technology Group (STG), an alumnus of Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Sudhir, Film Actor
- Tulsi Ramsey, filmmaker
- Shyam Ramsey, filmmaker
- F U Ramsay, filmmaker
- Kumar Ramsay, filmmaker
- Arjun Ramsay, filmmaker
- Keshu Ramsay, filmmaker
- Kiran Ramsay, filmmaker
- Mac Mohan, film actor
- Raj Kiran, film actor
- Shiela Ramani, film actor
- Govind Nihalani, filmmaker
- Pahalaj Nihalani, filmmaker
- Arjun Hingorani, filmmaker
- Bhagwanti Navani, singer
- Master Chandur, singer
See also[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Centre for Land Warfare Studies https://archive.claws.in › roots-of-si... Roots of Sindhi-Hindu Exodus from Pakistan
- ↑ "Hindu Population (PK) – Pakistan Hindu Council". Archived from the original on 15 March 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Table 9: Population by Religion, Sex and Rural/Urban" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2017.
- ↑ Data on Language and Mother Tongue. "Census of India 2011" (PDF). p. 7.
- ↑ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength – 2011" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 29 June 2018.
- ↑ Rita Kothari, Burden of Refuge: Sindh, Gujarat, Partition, Orient Blackswan
- ↑ Nil (4 June 2012). "Who orchestrated the exodus of Sindhi Hindus after Partition?". tribune.com.pk. The Express Tribune. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ↑ Nandita bhavnani (2014). The making of exile: sindhi hindus and the partition of india. Tranquebar Press. ISBN 978-93-84030-33-9. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ↑ Data on Language and Mother Tongue. "Census of India 2011" (PDF). p. 7.
- ↑ Ramey, S. (27 October 2008). Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-61622-6.
- ↑ Schaflechner, Jürgen (2018). Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–75.
- ↑ Malik, Jamal (31 October 2008). Islam in South Asia: A Short History. BRILL. p. 40. ISBN 978-90-474-4181-6. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
Sind's majority population followed Hindu traditions but a substantial minority was Buddhist.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Maclean, Derryl N. (1989). "Religion and Society in Arab Sind". BRILL. pp. 123–132. Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ↑ Hiltebeitel, Alf (May 1999). Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi Among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits. University of Chicago Press. p. 281. ISBN 9780226340500. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
While the results of Buddhist collaboration in Sind were short-lived, the history of Hinduism there continued in multiple forms, first with Brahman-led resistance continuing in upper Sind around Multan...
- ↑ "Hindus of Pakistan reject CAA, do not want Indian Prime Minister Modi's offer of citizenship". Gulf News. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ↑ International, Minority Rights Group (23 April 2019). "The situation of Hindus in Pakistan; Reports from Pakistan: Tracing the challenges facing religious minorities in South Asia". http://stories.minorityrights.org/pakistan-religious-minorities/chapter/pakistani-hindus-migrating-to-india/. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ↑ Ramey, Steven W. 2008. Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond. New York: Springer.
- ↑ Hīrānandāṇī, Popaṭī (1984). History of Sindhi Literature: Post-independence, 1947-1978. Prof. Popati R. Hiranandani. p. 26.
- ↑ DADUZEN, Dayal N. Harjani aka (19 July 2018). Sindhi Roots & Rituals - Part 1. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64249-289-7.
- ↑ Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1851). Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus. W. H. Allen. p. 310.
As usual among the Hindoo race, wherever it is settled, they have divided themselves into different tribes. The Satawarna, or seven castes of Indians in Sindh, are as follows:--1. Brahman; 2. Lohano; 3. Bhatio; 4. Sahto; 5. Waishya (including a number of trades as Wahun, grain-toaster; Khatti, dyer, &c.); 6. Panjabi; and 7. Sonaro. Five of these belong, properly speaking, to the Waishya (the third, or merchant) division of pure Indians. The seventh is a mixed caste, descended from a Brahman father and a Shudra mother.
- ↑ Hīrānandāṇī, Popaṭī (1984). History of Sindhi Literature: Post-independence, 1947-1978. Prof. Popati R. Hiranandani.
- ↑ The Partition Museum https://www.partitionmuseum.org › ... Partition of India - 1947 Partition, History
- ↑ Aggarwal, Saaz (13 August 2022). "How refugees from Sindh rebuilt their lives – and India – after Partition". Scroll.in.
- ↑ "Now, class 6th & 8th students of U.P. Govt schools to learn about Sindhi deities, personalities". 23 May 2023.
As per the 2011 census, there are 2,772,364 Sindhi speakers in India. However, this number does not include ethnic Sindhis who no longer speak the language.
- ↑ "Sindhi conversions in Ulhasnagar raise a storm".
- ↑ "Ulhasnagar : Brands Of Ethnicity".
- ↑ "'Made in USA—Ulhasnagar Sindhi Association': How Sindhis created businesses after Partition". ThePrint. 4 September 2022.
- ↑ "Sindhishaan - Whats in Name".
- ↑ "Sindhi Surnames".
- ↑ Sakhrani, Tarun (4 January 2016). "The Sindhis of Sindh And Beyond". Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ↑ U.T Thakur (1959). Sindhi Culture.
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Bherumal Mahirchand Advani, "Amilan-jo-Ahwal" - published in Sindhi, 1919
- Amilan-jo-Ahwal (1919) - translated into English in 2016 ("A History of the Amils") at sindhis
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