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{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{original research|date=July 2020}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
 
{{original research|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Kumbla
| name                    = Kumbla
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| nickname                =  
| nickname                =  
| settlement_type        = Town
| settlement_type        = Town
| image_skyline          = File:Lake Temple, Kumbla.jpg
| image_skyline          = 20211031163647 IMG 022.jpg
| image_alt              =  
| image_alt              =  
| image_caption          = Lake Temple, Kumbla
| image_caption          = Kumbla Town Bus stand
| pushpin_map            = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_map            = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_label_position  = right
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| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1    = [[Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf}}</ref>
| demographics1_info1    = [[Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911111246/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1              = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1            = +5:30
| utc_offset1            = +5:30
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| blank2_info_sec1        = [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| blank2_info_sec1        = [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]]
| blank3_name_sec1        = Civic agency
| blank3_name_sec1        = Civic agency
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Panchayat]]
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]
| website                =  
| website                =  
| footnotes              =  
| footnotes              =  
}}
}}
'''Kumbla''' is a small town in [[Kasaragod district]] of [[Kerala state]] in India. It is located 12 km north of [[Kasaragod|Kasaragod town]].
'''Kumbla''' is a small town in the [[Kasaragod district]] of [[Kerala state]] in India. It is located 12&nbsp;km north of [[Kasaragod|Kasaragod town]].


==History==
==History==
The original name "Kanvapura" was derived from the name of Maharshi [[Kanva]].  Since then the name has morphed into "Kanipura" via oral transmission.  The historic and ancient temple of [[Kanipura Sri Gopalakrishna Temple|Gopalakrishna]] in Kumble was believed to have been conceived by Kanva Maharshi. Kumbla was once the seat of the '''Kumbla Kings'''<ref>[http://kerala-info.newkerala.com/Kerala/Kasargod-District-Information.html Kasaragod District Information]</ref> l, who ruled the southern part of [[Tuluva]] Kingdom. ''[[Malayalam literature|Ramacharitam]]'', probably the oldest literary work written in [[Old Malayalam]], which dates back to 12th century CE, is thought to have written somewhere near Kumbla as its manuscripts were discovered from [[Nileshwaram]] and the poem mentions about [[Ananthapura Lake Temple]] in Kumbla in detail.<ref name="kasaragod">[http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/SLM-MA-Mal-Aadyakala%20Malayala%20kavitha%20%281%29.pdf]</ref> Kumbla was a small port in ancient times. The Kumbla dynasty, who swayed over the land of southern [[Tulu Nadu]] wedged between [[Payaswini|Chandragiri River]] and [[Netravati River]] (including present-day Taluks of [[Manjeshwar]] and Kasaragod) from ''Maipady Palace'' at Kumbla, had also been vassals to  the [[Kolathunadu]] kingdom of [[North Malabar]], before the [[Kannada|Carnatic]] conquests of [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book
Kanvapura, the original name, was derived from the name of Maharshi [[Kanva]].  Since then the name has morphed into "Kanipura" via oral transmission.  The historic and ancient temple of [[Kanipura Sri Gopalakrishna Temple|Gopalakrishna]] in Kumble was believed to have been conceived by Kanva Maharshi. Kumble was once the seat of the '''Kumbla Kings'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kerala-info.newkerala.com/Kerala/Kasargod-District-Information.html|title=Kasargod District Information @ NewKerala.Com|website=kerala-info.newkerala.com|accessdate=6 May 2023}}</ref> l, who ruled the southern part of [[Tuluva]] Kingdom. ''[[Malayalam literature|Ramacharitam]]'', probably the oldest literary work written in [[Old Malayalam]], which dates back to 12th century CE, is thought to have written somewhere near Kumbla as its manuscripts were discovered from [[Nileshwaram]] and the poem mentions about [[Ananthapura Lake Temple]] in Kumbla in detail.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}<ref name="kasaragod">[http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/SLM-MA-Mal-Aadyakala%20Malayala%20kavitha%20%281%29.pdf School of Distance Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608091936/http://sdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/SLM-MA-Mal-Aadyakala%20Malayala%20kavitha%20%281%29.pdf |date=8 June 2021 }} sdeuoc.ac.in</ref> Kumbla was a small port in ancient times. The Kumbla dynasty, who swayed over the land of southern [[Tulu Nadu]] wedged between [[Payaswini|Chandragiri River]] and [[Netravati River]] (including present-day Taluks of [[Manjeshwar]] and Kasaragod) from ''Maipady Palace'' at Kumbla, had also been vassals to  the [[Kolathunadu]] kingdom of [[North Malabar]], before the [[Kannada|Carnatic]] conquests of [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book
  | author = M. Vijayanunni  
  | author = M. Vijayanunni  
  | title= 1981 Census Handbook- Kasaragod District | publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala
  | title= 1981 Census Handbook- Kasaragod District | publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala
  | url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5757/1/51134_1981_KAS.pdf
  | url= http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5757/1/51134_1981_KAS.pdf
}}</ref> The Kumbla dynasty had a mixed lineage of [[Malayali]] [[Nair]]s and [[Tuluva Brahmin]]s.<ref name="askh"/> They also claimed their origin from [[legend of Cheraman Perumals|Cheraman Perumal]]s of Kerala.<ref name="askh"/> [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] states that the customs of Kumbla dynasty were similar to those of the contemporary [[Malayali]] kings, though Kumbla was considered as the southernmost region of [[Tulu Nadu]].<ref name="askh">കേരള ചരിത്രം, എ. ശ്രീധര മേനോൻ</ref> [[Kannada]] kingdoms focused on Kasaragod in the 16th century CE. The [[Vijayanagara empire]] attacked and annexed Kasaragod from the [[Kolathiri]] [[Raja]] with [[Nileshwaram]] as one of the capital in the 16th century. In the 16th century A.D. (1514), ''Duarte Barbosa'', the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] traveller, visited Kumble and he had recorded that he had found people exporting rice to the [[Maldives]] in exchange of [[coir]]<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://www.ksd.kerala.gov.in/hist.htm |title=Kasaragod History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925134038/http://www.ksd.kerala.gov.in/hist.htm |archive-date=2008-09-25 }}</ref> According to Barbosa, the people in the southwestern Malabar coast of India from Kumbla in the north to [[Kanyakumari]] in the south had spoke a unique language, which they called as "Maliama" ([[Malayalam]]).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (Volume 2)|last=Barbosa|first=Duarte|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1989|isbn=9788120604513|pages=1–7}}</ref> If he is right, then the kingdom of Kumbla would be the northern end of [[Malayalam]] region in the first quarter of 16th century CE. When [[Tippu Sultan]] captured [[Mangaluru]], the Kumble Raja fled to [[Thalassery]]; but he returned in 1799 and after an unsuccessful fight for independence, submitted to the [[British Empire]] and accepted a small pension of Rs. 11,788 per annum in 1804.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> ''Parthisubba'', the great [[Yakshagana]] exponent, known as ''Father of Yakshagana'' was born here in the 18th century.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
}}</ref> The Kumbla dynasty had a mixed lineage of [[Malayali]] [[Nair]]s and [[Tuluva Brahmin]]s.<ref name="askh"/> They also claimed their origin from [[legend of kadambas of Banavasi|kadamba]]s of Karnataka.<ref name="askh"/> [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]] states that the customs of Kumbla dynasty were similar to those of the contemporary [[Malayali]] kings, though Kumbla was considered as the southernmost region of [[Tulu Nadu]].<ref name="askh">കേരള ചരിത്രം, എ. ശ്രീധര മേനോൻ</ref> [[Kannada]] kingdoms focused on Kasaragod in the 16th century CE. The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] attacked and annexed Kasaragod from the [[Kolathiri]] [[Raja]] with [[Nileshwaram]] as one of the capital in the 16th century. In the 16th century A.D. (1514), ''Duarte Barbosa'', the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] traveller, visited Kumble and he had recorded that he had found people exporting rice to the [[Maldives]] in exchange of [[coir]]<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=http://www.ksd.kerala.gov.in/hist.htm |title=Kasaragod History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925134038/http://www.ksd.kerala.gov.in/hist.htm |archive-date=2008-09-25 }}</ref> According to Barbosa, the people in the southwestern Malabar coast of India from Kumbla in the north to [[Kanyakumari]] in the south had spoken a unique language, which they called as "Maliama" ([[Malayalam]]).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (Volume 2)|last=Barbosa|first=Duarte|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1989|isbn=9788120604513|pages=1–7}}</ref> If he is right, then the kingdom of Kumbla would be the northern end of [[Malayalam]] region in the first quarter of 16th century CE. When [[Tippu Sultan]] captured [[Mangaluru]], the Kumble Raja fled to [[Thalassery]]; but he returned in 1799 and after an unsuccessful fight for independence, submitted to the [[British Empire]] and accepted a small pension of Rs. 11,788 per annum in 1804.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> ''Parthisubba'', the great [[Yakshagana]] exponent, known as ''Father of Yakshagana'' was born here in the 18th century.<ref name=autogenerated1 />


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Kumbla [[Grama Panchayat]] had total population of 46,691 among which 27,033 lives in Urban areas with 5,168 households and 19,658 people in rural areas with 3,506 households. Males constitute 22,629 (48.5%) and Females constitute 24,062 (51.5%) in Kumbla Panchayat. Population of children in the age group 0-6 is 6,031 (12.9%) in the panchayat limits. Among this, male child constitutes 3,093 (51.3%) and female child constitutes 2,938 (48.7%).  
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Kumbla [[Grama Panchayat]] had total population of 46,691 among which 27,033 lives in Urban areas with 5,168 households and 19,658 people in rural areas with 3,506 households. Males constitute 22,629 (48.5%) and Females constitute 24,062 (51.5%) in Kumbla Panchayat. Population of children in the age group 0-6 is 6,031 (12.9%) in the panchayat limits. Among this, male child constitutes 3,093 (51.3%) and female child constitutes 2,938 (48.7%).


Total number of literates in Kumbla Panchayat is 36,319 which makes overall literacy rate of 89.3%. Total male literates are 18,293 (93.6%) and female literates are 18,026 (85.3%).  
Total number of literates in Kumbla Panchayat is 36,319 which makes overall literacy rate of 89.3%. Total male literates are 18,293 (93.6%) and female literates are 18,026 (85.3%).


Kumbla Panchayat has 2 [[census towns]] and 3 revenue villages under its jurisdiction. [[Koipady]], [[Mogral]] are the census towns and [[Arikady]], [[Bombrana]] and [[Kidoor]] are the revenue villages.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod |publisher=Directorateof Census Operations,Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=138,139 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
Kumbla Panchayat has 2 [[census towns]] and 3 revenue villages under its jurisdiction. [[Koipady]] and [[Mogral]] are the census towns and [[Arikady]], [[Bombrana]] and [[Kidoor]] are the revenue villages.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kasaragod |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=138,139 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3201_PART_B_KASARAGOD.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>


==Tourist attractions==
==Tourist attractions==
* [[Ananthapura Lake Temple]]<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web |title=കുമ്പള വിളിക്കുന്നു...വിനോദസഞ്ചാരികളേ ഇതിലേ... ഇതിലേ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kasaragod/kumbla-tourists-destinations-tourists-spots-in-kasaragod-kerala-tourism-1.3960375 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Lake_Temple,_Kumbla.jpg|417x417px|Lake Temple, Kumbla]]
* [[Arikady fort]]<ref name="Mathrubhumi"/>
* [[Ananthapura Lake Temple]]<ref name="Mathrubhumi">{{cite web |title=കുമ്പള വിളിക്കുന്നു...വിനോദസഞ്ചാരികളേ ഇതിലേ... ഇതിലേ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/kerala/kasaragod/kumbla-tourists-destinations-tourists-spots-in-kasaragod-kerala-tourism-1.3960375 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Arikady_fort.jpg|400x400px|Arikady fort]]
 
* [[Arikady fort]]<ref name="Mathrubhumi" />
*[[Kanipura Sri Gopalakrishna Temple|Shree Gopalakrishna temple]]
*Kumbla River Mangroves
[[File:20211031170106_IMG_0272.jpg|600x600px|20211031170106 IMG 0272]]


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
[[Anil Kumble]], former captain and the former coach of [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]] takes his last name, indicating ancestry or family origins, from this town. Recently one of the main roads to Government Hospital was renamed as Anil Kumble Road in a function conducted by Kumble Panchayat.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070407/saturday/main1.htm The Tribune - Magazine section - Saturday Extra<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/13/stories/2006031306840200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209231755/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/13/stories/2006031306840200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 February 2008 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Commitment keeps Kumble going | date=13 March 2006}}</ref>
* [[Anil Kumble]], former captain and the former coach of [[India national cricket team|Indian national cricket team]] takes his last name, indicating ancestry or family origins, from this town. Recently one of the main roads to Government Hospital was renamed as Anil Kumble Road in a function conducted by Kumble Panchayat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070407/saturday/main1.htm|title=The Tribune - Magazine section - Saturday Extra|accessdate=6 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/13/stories/2006031306840200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209231755/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/13/stories/2006031306840200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 February 2008 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Commitment keeps Kumble going | date=13 March 2006}}</ref>
* [[Jagdish Kumble]] is an Indian professional kabaddi player and coach. He coaches the Telugu Titans in the Pro Kabaddi League. He was member of the India national kabaddi team that won Asian games gold medals in 2002 which was held at Busan. Jagdish Kumble runs a kabaddi academy in Kasargod, Kerala.<ref name="prokabaddi">{{cite web|title=Bengal coach Kumble hopes to bring huge Services experience into play|url=https://www.prokabaddi.com/features/bengal-coach-kumble-hopes-to-bring-huge-services-experience-into-play|website=Pro Kabaddi|accessdate=2 September 2017}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Uppala]]
*[[Uppala]]
*[[Perla, Kasaragod|Perla]]
*[[Perla, Kasaragod|Perla]]
*[[Vidyanagar, Kasaragod|Vidyanagar]]
*[[Kanipura Sri Gopalakrishna Temple]]
*[[Kanipura Sri Gopalakrishna Temple]]
*[[Betel Nut]]
*[[Betel Nut]]
Line 107: Line 110:


[[Category:Suburbs of Kasaragod]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Kasaragod]]
[[Category:Panchayats in Kasaragod district]]

Latest revision as of 16:20, 17 December 2025

Kumbla
Town
Kumbla Town Bus stand
Kumbla Town Bus stand
Kumbla is located in Kerala
Kumbla
Kumbla
Location in Kerala, India
Kumbla is located in India
Kumbla
Kumbla
Kumbla (India)
Coordinates: 12°35′41″N 74°56′50″E / 12.5946°N 74.9472°E / 12.5946; 74.9472
CountryIndia
StateKerala
DistrictKasaragod
Government
 • TypePanchayati raj (India)
 • BodyGrama Panchayat
Area
 • Total40.18 km2 (15.51 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total46,691
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialMalayalam, English[1]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
671321
Telephone code4998
Vehicle registrationKL-14
Nearest cityKasaragod
Lok Sabha constituencyKasaragod
Civic agencyPanchayat

Kumbla is a small town in the Kasaragod district of Kerala state in India. It is located 12 km north of Kasaragod town.

History[edit | edit source]

Kanvapura, the original name, was derived from the name of Maharshi Kanva. Since then the name has morphed into "Kanipura" via oral transmission. The historic and ancient temple of Gopalakrishna in Kumble was believed to have been conceived by Kanva Maharshi. Kumble was once the seat of the Kumbla Kings[2] l, who ruled the southern part of Tuluva Kingdom. Ramacharitam, probably the oldest literary work written in Old Malayalam, which dates back to 12th century CE, is thought to have written somewhere near Kumbla as its manuscripts were discovered from Nileshwaram and the poem mentions about Ananthapura Lake Temple in Kumbla in detail.[citation needed][3] Kumbla was a small port in ancient times. The Kumbla dynasty, who swayed over the land of southern Tulu Nadu wedged between Chandragiri River and Netravati River (including present-day Taluks of Manjeshwar and Kasaragod) from Maipady Palace at Kumbla, had also been vassals to the Kolathunadu kingdom of North Malabar, before the Carnatic conquests of Vijayanagara Empire.[4] The Kumbla dynasty had a mixed lineage of Malayali Nairs and Tuluva Brahmins.[5] They also claimed their origin from kadambas of Karnataka.[5] Francis Buchanan-Hamilton states that the customs of Kumbla dynasty were similar to those of the contemporary Malayali kings, though Kumbla was considered as the southernmost region of Tulu Nadu.[5] Kannada kingdoms focused on Kasaragod in the 16th century CE. The Vijayanagara Empire attacked and annexed Kasaragod from the Kolathiri Raja with Nileshwaram as one of the capital in the 16th century. In the 16th century A.D. (1514), Duarte Barbosa, the Portuguese traveller, visited Kumble and he had recorded that he had found people exporting rice to the Maldives in exchange of coir[6] According to Barbosa, the people in the southwestern Malabar coast of India from Kumbla in the north to Kanyakumari in the south had spoken a unique language, which they called as "Maliama" (Malayalam).[7] If he is right, then the kingdom of Kumbla would be the northern end of Malayalam region in the first quarter of 16th century CE. When Tippu Sultan captured Mangaluru, the Kumble Raja fled to Thalassery; but he returned in 1799 and after an unsuccessful fight for independence, submitted to the British Empire and accepted a small pension of Rs. 11,788 per annum in 1804.[6] Parthisubba, the great Yakshagana exponent, known as Father of Yakshagana was born here in the 18th century.[6]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

As of 2011 Census, Kumbla Grama Panchayat had total population of 46,691 among which 27,033 lives in Urban areas with 5,168 households and 19,658 people in rural areas with 3,506 households. Males constitute 22,629 (48.5%) and Females constitute 24,062 (51.5%) in Kumbla Panchayat. Population of children in the age group 0-6 is 6,031 (12.9%) in the panchayat limits. Among this, male child constitutes 3,093 (51.3%) and female child constitutes 2,938 (48.7%).

Total number of literates in Kumbla Panchayat is 36,319 which makes overall literacy rate of 89.3%. Total male literates are 18,293 (93.6%) and female literates are 18,026 (85.3%).

Kumbla Panchayat has 2 census towns and 3 revenue villages under its jurisdiction. Koipady and Mogral are the census towns and Arikady, Bombrana and Kidoor are the revenue villages.[8]

Tourist attractions[edit | edit source]

Lake Temple, Kumbla

Arikady fort

20211031170106 IMG 0272

Notable people[edit | edit source]

  • Anil Kumble, former captain and the former coach of Indian national cricket team takes his last name, indicating ancestry or family origins, from this town. Recently one of the main roads to Government Hospital was renamed as Anil Kumble Road in a function conducted by Kumble Panchayat.[10][11]
  • Jagdish Kumble is an Indian professional kabaddi player and coach. He coaches the Telugu Titans in the Pro Kabaddi League. He was member of the India national kabaddi team that won Asian games gold medals in 2002 which was held at Busan. Jagdish Kumble runs a kabaddi academy in Kasargod, Kerala.[12]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969" (PDF). Archived from the original on 11 September 2014.
  2. ↑ "Kasargod District Information @ NewKerala.Com". kerala-info.newkerala.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  3. ↑ School of Distance Education Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine sdeuoc.ac.in
  4. ↑ M. Vijayanunni. 1981 Census Handbook- Kasaragod District (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 കേരള ചരിത്രം, എ. ശ്രീധര മേനോൻ
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Kasaragod History". Archived from the original on 25 September 2008.
  7. ↑ Barbosa, Duarte (1989). The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (Volume 2). Asian Educational Services. pp. 1–7. ISBN 9788120604513.
  8. ↑ Kerala, Directorate of Census Operations. District Census Handbook, Kasaragod (PDF). Thiruvananthapuram: Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala. p. 138,139. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "കുമ്പള വിളിക്കുന്നു...വിനോദസഞ്ചാരികളേ ഇതിലേ... ഇതിലേ". Mathrubhumi.[permanent dead link]
  10. ↑ "The Tribune - Magazine section - Saturday Extra". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  11. ↑ "Commitment keeps Kumble going". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 13 March 2006. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008.
  12. ↑ "Bengal coach Kumble hopes to bring huge Services experience into play". Pro Kabaddi. Retrieved 2 September 2017.

External links[edit | edit source]

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