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{{Short description|none}} | |||
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}} | {{More citations needed|date=July 2020}} | ||
[[File:Church at Tezpur.JPG|thumb|The church at [[Tezpur]]]] | [[File:Church at Tezpur.JPG|thumb|The church at [[Tezpur]]]] | ||
{{Commons category|Churches in Assam}} | {{Commons category|Churches in Assam}} | ||
'''[[Christianity]]''' is | '''[[Christianity]]''' is the third largest religion in [[Assam]], a state in the [[North-East India|north-eastern region]] of [[India]]. The total population of [[Christians]] in the state is 1,165,867, which according to the 2011 census comprises about 3.75% of the state's total population.<ref name="religion1" /> After [[Islam]], Christianity is also the second-fastest growing religion of Assam. The largest concentration of Christians in Assam can be found in the [[Dima Hasao District]], where Christians number approximately 30% of the population.<ref name=":0" /> The second largest concentration is in the [[Karbi Anglong district]] where they form approximately 16.5% of the population. | ||
== History == | |||
On September 26, 1626, two Portuguese Jesuit missionaries, Cabral and Cacella, came to Assam. These two were the first missionaries recorded as having reached Hajo and [[Guwahati]]. There is no record of them having established any churches in the area, as at the time they were en route to Tibet. | |||
The | The first Christian churches founded in Assam came with the arrival of two missionary groups in 1836. These two groups of missionaries were: in the first group- [[Nathan Brown (missionary)|Nathan Brown]] and Oliver Thomas Cutter, and in the second group- [[Miles Bronson]] and his friend Jacob Thomas. The missionaries Brown and Cutter had previously been working in Burma. They carried with them a printing press and first arrived in Sadiya, the easternmost part of Assam. They started schools in the [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Khamti language|Khaamti]] languages and published school text books in the local languages as well. The missionaries also began the translation of the [[New Testament]] into Assamese while still stationed in Assam. | ||
Due to the 1839 Khamti rebellions, Brown and Cutter were forced to leave Assam for [[Jaipur]], but after the move they continued to translate and publish into the Assamese language. In 1848 Cutter completed his translation of the New Testament into Assamese, which edition was first published as the 'Amaar Traankorta Jisu Christor Natun Niyom'. In 1854, Cutter published 'Christor Biworon and Xhubho Bartaa'. He also translated a few prayers to Assamese. Cutter's associate, Brown also produced a second translation of the Bible which was completed in 1903 by Brown with the help of his missionary colleagues.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}} | |||
Cutter had been born in United States in 1811. He started his journey towards the east in 1831 along with his wife Harriet Cutter. He first landed in [[Burma]] (Myanmar) and from there he crossed [[Patkai]] to reach Assam in 1836 along with Nathan Brown's family. Cutter and Brown started a publishing company in Sadiya. The two published books in the Assamese, Khamti and Singfou languages. They also started several schools and authored various text books in the local languages for use in the schools. After few years, Cutter's family came back to Assam and this time settled down in [[Sivasagar|Sibsagar]]. | |||
In 1836 the missionary Bronson began his work in Sadiya, Jaipur and Naamsang. Bronson started interacting with Naga tribes and first compiled his "East Naga Thesaurus." According to historian Mccangie, no European after or before Bronson had such a rapport with the Nagas. After some time Bronson became ill in his work in East Naga, and in order to regain his health he had to depart for Nagaon via Sibsagar. | |||
In Assam, Bronson worked as both a missionary and as an educator. During the periods from 1848 to 1851 and from 1867 to 1871, Bronson took vacation from his works and went back to [[New York (state)|New York]]. Bronson was the main leader of the popular movement against the government policy of forcing the Bengali language as the official language of the courts and schools of Assam. In 1867, using Jaduram baruah's scripting, he published the first Assamese and English dictionary. The dictionary contained around 14 thousands words and was published from the Baptist Missionary Press of Sibsagar. This dictionary was another strong step in support of the Assamese language. | |||
Bronson also created his own translation of the Bible into Assamese. Nidhiram Keot, the first native convert in the whole of Northeastern India from the [[Jalia Kaibarta|Keot(Kaibarta)]] community (an aboriginal tribe Sanskritised to a low position in the caste hierarchy), was baptised by Bronson on June 13, 1841, and took up the name Nidhi Levi Farewell.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}} | |||
[[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[ | == Current status and overview == | ||
The [[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Boro people|Boro]] tribes comprise the great majority of the Christians in Assam. Among the large and primarily Muslim Bengali population found in Assam there are very few Christians.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regional Updates|url=https://www.gfa.org/countryprofiles/assam/|website=GFA World|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en}}</ref> The [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States]] was first formed as an Evangelical Lutheran diocese in 2003, and was previously known simply as the "Assam Church".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nordelbisches Missionszentrum {{!}} Weltweite Partner {{!}} Asien {{!}} Indien {{!}} Partnerkirche in Assam|url=http://www.nmz-mission.de/de.partner/de.indien/de.indien.10/de.indien.2/index.html|website=www.nmz-mission.de|access-date=2025-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310223952/http://www.nmz-mission.de/de.partner/de.indien/de.indien.10/de.indien.2/index.html|archive-date=2012-03-10}}</ref> | |||
== Population == | == Population == | ||
| Line 17: | Line 28: | ||
! Year !! Number !! Percentage | ! Year !! Number !! Percentage | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2001<ref name="religion1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Total population by religious communities|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| | | 2001<ref name="religion1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Total population by religious communities|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| {{center|986,589}} || {{center|3.70}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| | | 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| {{center|1,165,867}} || {{center|3.74}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{Historical populations | {{Historical populations | ||
|title = Historical Christian Population in Assam<ref>http://www.cpsindia.org › BlogsPDF | |title = Historical Christian Population in Assam<ref name="cpsindia.org">http://www.cpsindia.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518174007/http://www.cpsindia.org/ |date=2021-05-18 }} › BlogsPDF | ||
Web results | Web results | ||
The Christianisation of the Northeast - Centre for Policy Studies</ref> | The Christianisation of the Northeast - Centre for Policy Studies</ref> | ||
| Line 51: | Line 62: | ||
===Trends=== | ===Trends=== | ||
'''Percentage of Christians in Assam by decades'''<ref>http://www.cpsindia.org › BlogsPDF | '''Percentage of Christians in Assam by decades'''<ref name="cpsindia.org">http://www.cpsindia.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518174007/http://www.cpsindia.org/ |date=2021-05-18 }} › BlogsPDF | ||
Web results | Web results | ||
The Christianisation of the Northeast - Centre for Policy Studies</ref> | The Christianisation of the Northeast - Centre for Policy Studies</ref> | ||
| Line 116: | Line 127: | ||
===Population by district=== | ===Population by district=== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
|+ Christian population in Assam (2011)<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS Population by religious community: Assam]. 2011 Census of India.</ref> | |+ Christian population in Assam (2011)<ref name=":0">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS Population by religious community: Assam]. 2011 Census of India.</ref> | ||
! # !! District !! Total population || Christian population || % | ! # !! District !! Total population || Christian population || % | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 178: | Line 189: | ||
===Population by Tribes=== | ===Population by Tribes=== | ||
Christian population in Assam by Tribes (2011)<ref> | Christian population in Assam by Tribes (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religion Data of Census 2011: XXIX Northeast ST|url=https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/09/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxix.html|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 233: | Line 244: | ||
| '''1.11%''' | | '''1.11%''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Of 11.66 lakh Christians in Assam as of 2011 census, only 4.95 lakh are from the [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|Scheduled Tribes]] (ST), forming 42.5 percent of all Christians in Assam; while the remaining 57.5 percent of the Christian population are from the non-ST communities most particularly from the [[Tea-garden community of Assam|Tea-Garden community]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demography watch on Christianity among ST in Assam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/editorial/demography-watch-on-christianity-among-st-in-assam-637713|website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People|date=2023-02-15|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en|first=Sentinel Digital|last=Desk}}</ref> | |||
== List of denominations == | == List of denominations == | ||
[[File:Martin Luther Cathedral, NELC Church.jpg|thumb|Martin Luther Cathedral, Gossaigaon]] | [[File:Martin Luther Cathedral, NELC Church.jpg|thumb|Martin Luther Cathedral, Gossaigaon]] | ||
Sources<ref>''World Christian Encyclopedia'', 2nd ed., 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371</ref> | Sources<ref>''World Christian Encyclopedia'', 2nd ed., 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371</ref> | ||
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eacinet.org/kabc.php |title=EACI |publisher=Eacinet.org |access-date=2013-12-15}}</ref><ref>[http://www.apbf.info/member.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221225712/http://www.apbf.info/member.htm |date=February 21, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.developednation.org/fcra/cachar.asp |title= | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eacinet.org/kabc.php |title=EACI |publisher=Eacinet.org |access-date=2013-12-15}}</ref><ref>[http://www.apbf.info/member.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221225712/http://www.apbf.info/member.htm|date=February 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.developednation.org/fcra/cachar.asp |title=DevelopedNation.org Datacentre : FCRA NGOs in Cachar District |access-date=2014-01-04 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213007/http://www.developednation.org/fcra/cachar.asp |archive-date=2014-01-04 }}</ref> | ||
*[[Association of Regular Independent Churches of India]] | *[[Association of Regular Independent Churches of India]] | ||
| Line 258: | Line 271: | ||
* | * | ||
* Holy Christ Church, Tribon North East India | * Holy Christ Church, Tribon North East India | ||
* Moravian Church, Binnakandi, Cachar | |||
*[[Christian Revival Church]] | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 263: | Line 278: | ||
* [[Christianity in India]] | * [[Christianity in India]] | ||
* [[Islam in Assam]] | * [[Islam in Assam]] | ||
*[[Christian Revival Church]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:48, 25 March 2026
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2020) |
Christianity is the third largest religion in Assam, a state in the north-eastern region of India. The total population of Christians in the state is 1,165,867, which according to the 2011 census comprises about 3.75% of the state's total population.[1] After Islam, Christianity is also the second-fastest growing religion of Assam. The largest concentration of Christians in Assam can be found in the Dima Hasao District, where Christians number approximately 30% of the population.[2] The second largest concentration is in the Karbi Anglong district where they form approximately 16.5% of the population.
History[edit | edit source]
On September 26, 1626, two Portuguese Jesuit missionaries, Cabral and Cacella, came to Assam. These two were the first missionaries recorded as having reached Hajo and Guwahati. There is no record of them having established any churches in the area, as at the time they were en route to Tibet.
The first Christian churches founded in Assam came with the arrival of two missionary groups in 1836. These two groups of missionaries were: in the first group- Nathan Brown and Oliver Thomas Cutter, and in the second group- Miles Bronson and his friend Jacob Thomas. The missionaries Brown and Cutter had previously been working in Burma. They carried with them a printing press and first arrived in Sadiya, the easternmost part of Assam. They started schools in the Assamese and Khaamti languages and published school text books in the local languages as well. The missionaries also began the translation of the New Testament into Assamese while still stationed in Assam.
Due to the 1839 Khamti rebellions, Brown and Cutter were forced to leave Assam for Jaipur, but after the move they continued to translate and publish into the Assamese language. In 1848 Cutter completed his translation of the New Testament into Assamese, which edition was first published as the 'Amaar Traankorta Jisu Christor Natun Niyom'. In 1854, Cutter published 'Christor Biworon and Xhubho Bartaa'. He also translated a few prayers to Assamese. Cutter's associate, Brown also produced a second translation of the Bible which was completed in 1903 by Brown with the help of his missionary colleagues.[citation needed]
Cutter had been born in United States in 1811. He started his journey towards the east in 1831 along with his wife Harriet Cutter. He first landed in Burma (Myanmar) and from there he crossed Patkai to reach Assam in 1836 along with Nathan Brown's family. Cutter and Brown started a publishing company in Sadiya. The two published books in the Assamese, Khamti and Singfou languages. They also started several schools and authored various text books in the local languages for use in the schools. After few years, Cutter's family came back to Assam and this time settled down in Sibsagar.
In 1836 the missionary Bronson began his work in Sadiya, Jaipur and Naamsang. Bronson started interacting with Naga tribes and first compiled his "East Naga Thesaurus." According to historian Mccangie, no European after or before Bronson had such a rapport with the Nagas. After some time Bronson became ill in his work in East Naga, and in order to regain his health he had to depart for Nagaon via Sibsagar.
In Assam, Bronson worked as both a missionary and as an educator. During the periods from 1848 to 1851 and from 1867 to 1871, Bronson took vacation from his works and went back to New York. Bronson was the main leader of the popular movement against the government policy of forcing the Bengali language as the official language of the courts and schools of Assam. In 1867, using Jaduram baruah's scripting, he published the first Assamese and English dictionary. The dictionary contained around 14 thousands words and was published from the Baptist Missionary Press of Sibsagar. This dictionary was another strong step in support of the Assamese language.
Bronson also created his own translation of the Bible into Assamese. Nidhiram Keot, the first native convert in the whole of Northeastern India from the Keot(Kaibarta) community (an aboriginal tribe Sanskritised to a low position in the caste hierarchy), was baptised by Bronson on June 13, 1841, and took up the name Nidhi Levi Farewell.[citation needed]
Current status and overview[edit | edit source]
The Khasi and Boro tribes comprise the great majority of the Christians in Assam. Among the large and primarily Muslim Bengali population found in Assam there are very few Christians.[3] The Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States was first formed as an Evangelical Lutheran diocese in 2003, and was previously known simply as the "Assam Church".[4]
Population[edit | edit source]
| Year | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2001[1] | 986,589 |
3.70
|
| 2011[5] | 1,165,867 |
3.74
|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 13,638 | — |
| 1911 | 22,817 | +67.3% |
| 1921 | 41,686 | +82.7% |
| 1931 | 79,025 | +89.6% |
| 1941 | 37,599 | −52.4% |
| 1951 | 160,438 | +326.7% |
| 1961 | 263,134 | +64.0% |
| 1971 | 381,010 | +44.8% |
| 1981 | 534,572 | +40.3% |
| 1991 | 744,367 | +39.2% |
| 2001 | 986,589 | +32.5% |
| 2011 | 1,165,867 | +18.2% |
| Source: census of India | ||
Trends[edit | edit source]
Percentage of Christians in Assam by decades[6]
| Year | Percent | Increase |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 0.41% | - |
| 1911 | 0.59% |
+0.18% |
| 1921 | 0.9% |
+0.31% |
| 1931 | 1.42% |
+0.52 |
| 1941 | 0.56% |
-0.86% |
| 1951 | 2% |
+1.44% |
| 1961 | 2.43% | +0.43% |
| 1971 | 2.61% | +0.18% |
| 1981 | 2.96% | +0.35% |
| 1991 | 3.32% | +0.36% |
| 2001 | 3.7% | +0.38% |
| 2011 | 3.74% | +0.04% |
Population by district[edit | edit source]
| # | District | Total population | Christian population | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Karbi Anglong | 956,313 | 157,789 | 16.50% |
| 2 | Sonitpur | 1,924,110 | 138,166 | 7.18% |
| 3 | Udalguri | 831,668 | 110,215 | 13.25% |
| 4 | Kokrajhar | 887,142 | 101,091 | 11.40% |
| 5 | Goalpara | 1,008,183 | 77,862 | 7.72% |
| 6 | Tinsukia | 1,327,929 | 76,877 | 5.79% |
| 7 | Dima Hasao | 214,102 | 63,310 | 29.57% |
| 8 | Dibrugarh | 1,326,335 | 52,968 | 3.99% |
| 9 | Golaghat | 1,066,888 | 50,582 | 4.74% |
| 10 | Chirang | 482,162 | 49,747 | 10.32% |
| 11 | Lakhimpur | 1,042,137 | 46,217 | 4.43% |
| 12 | Cachar | 1,736,617 | 37,635 | 2.17% |
| 13 | Kamrup | 1,517,542 | 3,3297 | 2.19% |
| 14 | Sivasagar | 1,151,050 | 33,147 | 2.88% |
| 15 | Baksa | 950,075 | 27,076 | 2.85% |
| 16 | Nagaon | 2,823,768 | 26,844 | 0.95% |
| 17 | Jorhat | 1,092,256 | 21,051 | 1.93% |
| 18 | Kamrup Metropolitan | 1,253,938 | 18,810 | 1.50% |
| 19 | Karimganj | 1,228,686 | 11,990 | 0.98% |
| 20 | Dhemaji | 686,133 | 8,711 | 1.27% |
| 21 | Hailakandi | 659,296 | 8,480 | 1.29% |
| 22 | Bongaigaon | 738,804 | 5,924 | 0.80% |
| 23 | Dhubri | 1,949,258 | 4,107 | 0.21% |
| 24 | Darrang | 928,500 | 1,688 | 0.18% |
| 25 | Barpeta | 1,693,622 | 1,020 | 0.06% |
| 26 | Morigaon | 957,423 | 834 | 0.09% |
| 27 | Nalbari | 771,639 | 429 | 0.06% |
| Assam (Total) | 31,205,576 | 1,165,867 | 3.74% |
Population by Tribes[edit | edit source]
Christian population in Assam by Tribes (2011)[7]
| Tribes | Christians | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Garo | 1,54,353 | 95.63% |
| Boro | 1,36,869 | 10.05% |
| Karbi | 75,883 | 17.63% |
| Kuki | 31,573 | 94.53% |
| Naga | 19,924 | 66.93% |
| Hmar | 15,557 | 98.81% |
| Khasi | 13,956 | 87.58% |
| Rabha | 9,845 | 3.32% |
| Mising | 5,984 | 0.88% |
| Lalung | 2,808 | 15.38% |
| Sonowal | 1,416 | 0.56% |
| Dimasa | 1,144 | 1.11% |
Of 11.66 lakh Christians in Assam as of 2011 census, only 4.95 lakh are from the Scheduled Tribes (ST), forming 42.5 percent of all Christians in Assam; while the remaining 57.5 percent of the Christian population are from the non-ST communities most particularly from the Tea-Garden community.[8]
List of denominations[edit | edit source]
- Association of Regular Independent Churches of India
- Assam Baptist Convention
- Boro Baptist Church Association
- Boro Baptist Convention
- Cachar Hill Tribes Presbyterian Synod
- Christian Fellowship Centre
- Church of Christ (Instrumental)
- Church of God (Anderson)
- Kuki Christian Church
- Karbi-Anglong Baptist Convention
- Lakher Independent Evangelical Church
- North Bank Christian Association
- Rabha Baptist Church Union
- United Pentecostal Church in India
- Biateram Presbyterian Synod
- Cachar Christian Association
- Holy Christ Church, Tribon North East India
- Moravian Church, Binnakandi, Cachar
- Christian Revival Church
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of Christian denominations in North East India
- Christianity in India
- Islam in Assam
- Christian Revival Church
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Total population by religious communities". Censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Population by religious community: Assam. 2011 Census of India.
- ↑ "Regional Updates". GFA World. Retrieved 2025-11-30.
- ↑ "Nordelbisches Missionszentrum | Weltweite Partner | Asien | Indien | Partnerkirche in Assam". www.nmz-mission.de. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2025-11-30.
- ↑ "Indian Census 2011". Census Department, Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://www.cpsindia.org Archived 2021-05-18 at the Wayback Machine › BlogsPDF Web results The Christianisation of the Northeast - Centre for Policy Studies
- ↑ "Religion Data of Census 2011: XXIX Northeast ST". Retrieved 2025-11-30.
- ↑ Desk, Sentinel Digital (2023-02-15). "Demography watch on Christianity among ST in Assam". The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People. Retrieved 2025-11-30.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ World Christian Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 2001 Volume 1, p. 368-371
- ↑ "EACI". Eacinet.org. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
- ↑ [1] Archived February 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "DevelopedNation.org Datacentre : FCRA NGOs in Cachar District". Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2014-01-04.