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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}


The [[President of India]] is [[indirect election|indirectly elected]] with [[Instant-runoff voting]]<ref>The Constitution of 1950 use the term [[Single transferable vote]], which is now used for a system with multiple-member constituencies. When there is only one of the latter, the system is now called [[Instant-runoff voting]]</ref> by means of an [[electoral college]] consisting of the elected members of the [[Parliament of India]] and the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|Legislative assemblies]] of the [[States of India]] and the [[Union territory|Union territories]] (having an elected assembly). The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population, as a result of the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|42nd Amendment]], and extended by the 84th Amendment,<ref name="84th">[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm 84th Amendment]</ref> with the intention to encourage [[family planning]] programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalised for lowering their population growth and development.
The [[President of India]] is [[indirect election|indirectly elected]] with [[Instant-runoff voting]]{{efn|The Constitution of 1950 use the term [[Single transferable vote]], which is now used for a system with multiple-member constituencies. When there is only one of the latter, the system is now called [[Instant-runoff voting]]}} by means of an [[electoral college]] consisting of the elected members of the [[Parliament of India]] and the [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assemblies]] of the [[States and union territories of India|states]] and [[Union territory|union territories]] of India. The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population, as a result of the [[Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India|42nd Amendment]], and extended by the 84th Amendment,<ref name="84th">[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm 84th Amendment]</ref> with the intention to encourage [[Family planning in India|family planning]] programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalised for lowering their population growth and development.


The [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]] is elected by a [[Vice-President_of_India#Election|different electoral college]], consisting of members (elected as well as nominated)
The [[Vice President of India|Vice-President]] is elected by a [[Vice-President of India#Election|different electoral college]], consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]].


==Composition==
==Composition==
Line 11: Line 11:
* elected members of the [[Rajya Sabha]] ([[upper house]] of the Parliament of India);
* elected members of the [[Rajya Sabha]] ([[upper house]] of the Parliament of India);
* elected members of the [[Lok Sabha]] ([[lower house]] of the Parliament of India);
* elected members of the [[Lok Sabha]] ([[lower house]] of the Parliament of India);
* elected members of each state's [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|Legislative Assembly]] (lower house of the state legislature); and
* elected members of each state's [[State legislative assemblies of India|Legislative Assembly]] (lower house of the state legislature);  
* elected members of each union territory possessing a [[Legislative assembly]] (i.e. Delhi, (Jammu & Kashmir not included)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soni |title='J&K not included in electoral college for Presidential election' |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/19/jk-not-included-in-electoral-college-for-presidential-election.html |access-date=7 March 2022 |work=The Week |date=19 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and Puducherry etc.)
* elected members of legislative assembly of Union Territories of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu-Kashmir]], [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi]] and [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]<ref>{{Cite news|title='J&K not included in electoral college for Presidential election' |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/19/jk-not-included-in-electoral-college-for-presidential-election.html |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='FAQ - Who elects the President of India?' |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/faq/1/5 |language=en}}</ref>


==Weighing of votes==
==Weighing of votes==
The value of votes cast by elected members of the state legislative assemblies and both houses of parliament are determined by the provisions of article 55(2) of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Constitution/S55.htm |title=Section 55 of the Constitution of India |access-date=5 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043542/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Constitution/S55.htm |archive-date=16 March 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The details of number of voters and votes for the presidential election are given below.<ref name="electoralvotes">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/election%20to%20the%20office%20of%20President%202012.pdf Election to the Office of President, 2012]</ref> Per the 84th Amendment, the 1971 census is used, and will continue to be used until 2026.<ref name="84th">[http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend84.htm 84th Amendment]</ref>
The value of votes cast by elected members of the state legislative assemblies and both houses of parliament are determined by the provisions of article 55(2) of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Constitution/S55.htm |title=Section 55 of the Constitution of India |access-date=5 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043542/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/Constitution/S55.htm |archive-date=16 March 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The details of number of voters and votes for the presidential election are given below.<ref name="electoralvotes">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/President_VP_Elec2012/election%20to%20the%20office%20of%20President%202012.pdf Election to the Office of President, 2012]</ref> As per the 84th Amendment, the 1971 census is used, and will continue to be used until 2026.<ref name="84th"/>


The formula for determining the number of votes held by an MLA is:
The formula for determining the number of votes held by an MLA is:
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|}
|}


That is, the average constituency size, determined by the 1971 census, in his/her state or union territory, divided by 1,000.
That is, the average constituency size, determined by the 1971 census, in the state or union territory, divided by 1,000.


The number of votes for MLAs are as follows:
The number of votes for MLAs are as follows:
Line 30: Line 30:
{|class="wikitable sortable"  
{|class="wikitable sortable"  
|-
|-
!width="30"|S. No.
!width="150"|Name of the State/Union Territory
!width="150"|Name of the State/Union Territory
!width="150"|Number of State Legislative Assembly seats (elective)
!width="150"! data-sort-type=number |Number of State Legislative Assembly seats (elective)
! width="150" |Population (1971 Census)<ref name="electoralvotes"/>
!width="150"! data-sort-type=number|Population (1971 Census){{ref|cap|†}}<ref name="electoralvotes"/>
!width="150"|Value of the vote of each MLA
!width="150"! data-sort-type=number|Value of the vote of each MLA
!width="150"|Total value of votes for the State/Union Territory
!width="150"! data-sort-type=number|Total value of votes for the State/Union Territory
|-
|-
| 1 
| [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|175]]  
| 175   
|align=right| 27,800,586
| 27,800,586{{ref|cap|†}}
|align=right| 159
|159
|align=right| 27,825
|27,825
 
|-
|-
| 2 
| [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|60]]  
| 60
|align=right| 467,511  
| 467,511  
|align=right| 8   
| 8   
|align=right| 480
| 480
|-
|-
| 3 
| [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Assam Legislative Assembly|126]]  
| 126 
|align=right| 14,625,152   
| 14,625,152   
|align=right| 116   
| 116   
|align=right| 14,616   
| 14,616   
|-
|-
| 4 
| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
| [[Bihar]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|243]]  
| 243 
|align=right| 42,126,236   
| 42,126,236   
|align=right| 173   
| 173   
|align=right| 42,039   
| 42,039   
|-
|-
| 5 
| [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|90]]
| 90 
|align=right| 11,637,494   
| 11,637,494   
|align=right| 129   
| 129   
|align=right| 11,610
| 11,610
|-
|-
| 6 
| [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi]]
| [[Delhi]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Delhi Legislative Assembly|70]]
| 70
|align=right| 4,065,698  
| 4,065,698  
|align=right| 58   
| 58   
|align=right| 4,060  
| 4,060  
|-
|-
| 7 
| [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]]
| [[Goa]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Goa Legislative Assembly|40]]
| 40
|align=right| 795,120  
| 795,120  
|align=right| 20   
| 20   
|align=right| 800   
| 800   
|-
|-
| 8 
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]
| [[Gujarat]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly|182]]  
| 182 
|align=right| 26,697,475   
| 26,697,475   
|align=right| 147  
| 147  
|align=right| 26,754   
| 26,754   
|-
|-
| 9 
| [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Haryana]]
| [[Haryana]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly|90]]
| 90 
|align=right| 10,036,808   
| 10,036,808   
|align=right| 112   
| 112   
|align=right| 10,080   
| 10,080   
|-
|-
| 10 
| [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|68]]  
| 68
|align=right| 3,460,434  
| 3,460,434  
|align=right| 51   
| 51   
|align=right| 3,468  
| 3468  
|-
|-
| 11 
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order</ref>
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|90]]
| 87
|align=right| 45,11,341
| 6,300,000
|align=right| 50  
| 72  
|align=right| 4,500
| 6,264
|-
|-
| 12 
| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|81]]
| 81 
|align=right| 14,227,133   
| 14,227,133   
|align=right| 176   
| 176   
|align=right| 14,256   
| 14,256   
|-
|-
| 13  
| [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]]  
| [[Karnataka]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|224]]
| 224 
|align=right| 29,299,014
| 29,299,014
|align=right| 131   
| 131   
|align=right| 29,344   
| 29,344   
|-
|-
| 14 
| [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| [[Kerala]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|140]]  
| 140 
|align=right| 21,347,375   
| 21,347,375   
|align=right| 152  
| 152  
|align=right| 21,280   
| 21,280   
|-
|-
| 15 
| [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|230]]  
| 230 
|align=right| 30,016,625   
| 30,016,625   
|align=right| 131
| 131
|align=right| 30,130   
| 30,130   
|-
|-
| 16 
| [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|288]]
| 288 
|align=right| 50,412,235  
| 50,412,235  
|align=right| 175   
| 175   
|align=right| 50,400   
| 50,400   
|-
|-
| 17 
| [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]]
| [[Manipur]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Manipur Legislative Assembly|60]]  
| 60 
|align=right| 1,072,753  
| 1,072,753  
|align=right| 18   
| 18   
|align=right| 1,080  
| 1,080  
|-
|-
| 18 
| [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|60]]
| 60
|align=right| 1,011,699  
| 1,011,699  
|align=right| 17   
| 17   
|align=right| 1,020   
| 1,020   
|-
|-
| 19 
| [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Mizoram]]
| [[Mizoram]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly|40]]
| 40
|align=right| 332,390  
| 332,390  
|align=right| 8   
| 8   
|align=right| 320   
| 320   
|-
|-
| 20 
| [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]]
| [[Nagaland]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly|60]]
| 60
|align=right| 516,499  
| 516,499  
|align=right| 9   
| 9   
|align=right| 540   
| 540   
|-
|-
| 21 
| [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|147]]  
| 147 
|align=right| 21,944,615   
| 21,944,615   
|align=right| 149   
| 149   
|align=right| 21,903
| 21,903
|-
|-
| 22 
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|30]]
| 30  
|align=right| 471,707
| 471,707
|align=right| 16
| 16
|align=right| 480  
| 480  
|-
|-
| 23 
| [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
| [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117]]
| 117
|align=right| 13,551,060   
| 13,551,060   
|align=right| 116   
| 116   
|align=right| 13,572   
| 13,572   
|-
|-
| 24 
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|200]]  
| 200 
|align=right| 25,765,806   
| 25,765,806   
|align=right| 129   
| 129   
|align=right| 25,800   
| 25,800   
|-
|-
| 25 
| [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]]
| [[Sikkim]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly|32]]  
| 32
|align=right| 209,843  
| 209,843  
|align=right| 7   
| 7   
|align=right| 224   
| 224   
|-
|-
| 26 
| [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|234]]  
| 234 
|align=right| 41,199,168   
| 41,199,168   
|align=right| 176  
| 176  
|align=right| 41,184
| 41,184
|-
|-
| 27
| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Telangana Legislative Assembly|119]]
| 119
|align=right| 15,702,122
| 15,702,122{{ref|cap|†}}
|align=right| 132
| 132
|align=right| 15,708
| 15,708
|-
|-
| 28 
| [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
| [[Tripura]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly|60]]
| 60
|align=right| 1,556,342  
| 1,556,342  
|align=right| 26   
| 26   
|align=right| 1,560   
| 1,560   
|-
|-
| 29 
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|403]]  
| 403 
|align=right| 83,849,905   
| 83,849,905   
|align=right| 208  
| 208  
|align=right| 83,824
| 83,824
|-
|-
| 30 
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|70]]
| 70
|align=right| 4,491,239  
| 4,491,239  
|align=right| 64   
| 64   
|align=right| 4,480  
| 4,480  
|-
|-
| 31 
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| [[West Bengal]]
|align=right| [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|294]]  
| 294 
|align=right| 44,312,011  
| 44,312,011  
|align=right| 151  
| 151  
|align=right| 44,394
| 44,394
|- class=sortbottom
|- class="sortbottom"
|
| '''Total'''
| '''Total'''
| '''4,120'''
|align=right|'''4,123'''
| '''549,302,005'''
|align=right| '''547,513,396'''
|     
|     
| '''549,495'''
|align=right|'''547,731'''
|-
|}
|}


Line 273: Line 238:
|}
|}


That is, the total Members of Parliament (Elected) = Lok Sabha (543) + Rajya Sabha (233) = 776
That is, the total Members of [[Parliament]] (Elected) = Lok Sabha (543) + Rajya Sabha (233) = 776
:Value of each vote = 549,495 / 776 = 708.11, rounded to 708
:
:Total value of votes of Parliament = 776 × 708 = 549,408
:Value of each MP vote = 547,731 / 776 = '''706''' (to the nearest integer)
:Total value of votes of MPs = 776 × 706 = '''547,856'''


The number of votes for MPs are as follows:
The number of votes for MPs are as follows:


{|class="wikitable sortable"
Total number of votes for presidential electors are as follows:
|-
!width="150"|Name of the House
!width="150"|Number of Parliamentary seats (elective)
!width="150"|Value of the vote of each MP
!width="150"|Total value of votes for the House
|-
| [[Lok Sabha]]
| 543
| 708
| 384,444
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
| 233
| 708 
| 164,964
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''Total'''
| '''776'''
| '''708''' 
| '''549,408'''
|-
|}
 
Total number of votes for Presidential electors are as follows:


{|class="wikitable sortable"  
{|class="wikitable sortable"  
Line 312: Line 254:
|-
|-
|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assemblies]] (elected)
|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assemblies]] (elected)
|4,120
|align=right|4,123
|549,495
|align=right|'''547,731'''
|-
|-
|[[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]] (elected)
|[[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]] (elected)
|776
|align=right|776
|549,408
|align=right|'''547,856'''
|- class="sortbottom"  
|- class="sortbottom"  
| '''Total'''
| '''Total'''
| '''4,896'''
|align=right| '''4899'''
| '''1,098,903'''
|align=right|'''1,095,587'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:36, 22 February 2026



The President of India is indirectly elected with Instant-runoff voting[lower-alpha 1] by means of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories of India. The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population, as a result of the 42nd Amendment, and extended by the 84th Amendment,[1] with the intention to encourage family planning programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalised for lowering their population growth and development.

The Vice-President is elected by a different electoral college, consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Composition[edit | edit source]

The presidential electoral college is made up of the following:

Weighing of votes[edit | edit source]

The value of votes cast by elected members of the state legislative assemblies and both houses of parliament are determined by the provisions of article 55(2) of the Constitution of India.[4] The details of number of voters and votes for the presidential election are given below.[5] As per the 84th Amendment, the 1971 census is used, and will continue to be used until 2026.[1]

The formula for determining the number of votes held by an MLA is:

Value of an MLA vote=Total population of the state or union territoryTotal number of elected members of the State Legislative Assembly×1000

That is, the average constituency size, determined by the 1971 census, in the state or union territory, divided by 1,000.

The number of votes for MLAs are as follows:

Name of the State/Union Territory Number of State Legislative Assembly seats (elective) Population (1971 Census)†[5] Value of the vote of each MLA Total value of votes for the State/Union Territory
Andhra Pradesh 175 27,800,586 159 27,825
Arunachal Pradesh 60 467,511 8 480
Assam 126 14,625,152 116 14,616
Bihar 243 42,126,236 173 42,039
Chhattisgarh 90 11,637,494 129 11,610
Delhi 70 4,065,698 58 4,060
Goa 40 795,120 20 800
Gujarat 182 26,697,475 147 26,754
Haryana 90 10,036,808 112 10,080
Himachal Pradesh 68 3,460,434 51 3,468
Jammu and Kashmir 90 45,11,341 50 4,500
Jharkhand 81 14,227,133 176 14,256
Karnataka 224 29,299,014 131 29,344
Kerala 140 21,347,375 152 21,280
Madhya Pradesh 230 30,016,625 131 30,130
Maharashtra 288 50,412,235 175 50,400
Manipur 60 1,072,753 18 1,080
Meghalaya 60 1,011,699 17 1,020
Mizoram 40 332,390 8 320
Nagaland 60 516,499 9 540
Odisha 147 21,944,615 149 21,903
Puducherry 30 471,707 16 480
Punjab 117 13,551,060 116 13,572
Rajasthan 200 25,765,806 129 25,800
Sikkim 32 209,843 7 224
Tamil Nadu 234 41,199,168 176 41,184
Telangana 119 15,702,122 132 15,708
Tripura 60 1,556,342 26 1,560
Uttar Pradesh 403 83,849,905 208 83,824
Uttarakhand 70 4,491,239 64 4,480
West Bengal 294 44,312,011 151 44,394
Total 4,123 547,513,396 547,731

Note:- †http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/HandBooks/President_Election_08062017.pdf.

The value of an MP's vote is calculated by dividing the total value of all MLAs' votes by the number of MPs. The formula for determining the number of votes held by an MP is:

Value of an MP vote=The sum of vote value of elected members of all the State Legislative AssembliesThe sum of elected members of both the houses of Parliament

That is, the total Members of Parliament (Elected) = Lok Sabha (543) + Rajya Sabha (233) = 776

Value of each MP vote = 547,731 / 776 = 706 (to the nearest integer)
Total value of votes of MPs = 776 × 706 = 547,856

The number of votes for MPs are as follows:

Total number of votes for presidential electors are as follows:

Elector Total number of electors Total value of votes
Members of Legislative Assemblies (elected) 4,123 547,731
Members of Parliament (elected) 776 547,856
Total 4899 1,095,587

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ The Constitution of 1950 use the term Single transferable vote, which is now used for a system with multiple-member constituencies. When there is only one of the latter, the system is now called Instant-runoff voting

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 84th Amendment
  2. ↑ "'J&K not included in electoral college for Presidential election'".
  3. ↑ "'FAQ - Who elects the President of India?'".
  4. ↑ "Section 55 of the Constitution of India". Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Election to the Office of President, 2012
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