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{{Short description|Indian medium-range ballistic missile}}
{{Short description|Indian medium-range ballistic missile}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|is_missile=yes
|is_missile=yes
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|origin= India
|origin= India
|type= [[Medium Range Ballistic Missile]]
|type= [[Medium Range Ballistic Missile]]
|service= Active<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press Trust |first1=of India |title=India Test Fires Medium Range Nuclear Capable Agni-II Missile |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-test-fires-medium-range-nuclear-capable-agni-ii-missile/articleshow/62994698.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref>  
|service= Active<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press Trust |first1=of India |title=India Test Fires Medium Range Nuclear Capable Agni-II Missile |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-test-fires-medium-range-nuclear-capable-agni-ii-missile/articleshow/62994698.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref>  
|used_by= [[Strategic Forces Command]]
|used_by= [[Strategic Forces Command]]
|designer=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]  
|designer=[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]  
|manufacturer=[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
|manufacturer=[[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
|unit_cost= {{INRConvert|25|c}} to {{INRConvert|35|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp | title = Technical tune to Agni test before talks | access-date =13 December 2007 | work = The Telegraph| location=Calcutta, India | date=30 August 2004| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211004418/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp| archive-date= 11 December 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|unit_cost= {{INRConvert|25|c}} to {{INRConvert|35|c}}<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp | title = Technical tune to Agni test before talks | access-date =13 December 2007 | work = The Telegraph| location=Calcutta, India | date=30 August 2004| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211004418/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040830/asp/nation/story_3694401.asp| archive-date= 11 December 2007 | url-status= dead}}</ref>
|guidance= '''Mid-course:''' [[Ring laser gyro]] [[inertial navigation system]]. Optionally augmented by [[GPS]]/[[NavIC]] [[satellite guidance]] <br />'''Terminal:''' Radar scene correlation. Upgraded to [[active radar homing]].
|guidance= '''Mid-course:''' [[Ring laser gyroscope|RLG]]-[[Inertial navigation system|INS]] + multi-[[GNSS]] <br />'''Terminal:''' Radar scene matching. Upgraded to [[Active radar homing|ARH]]
|detonation=
|detonation=
|accuracy=30–40 m CEP<ref name="nti.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/design_characteristics_of_india_ballistic_cruise_missiles.pdf?_=1415821730|title=Design Characteristics of India's Ballistic and Cruise Missiles|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/agni-2/ |title = Agni-II {{!}} Missile Threat}}</ref>
|accuracy=30–40 m CEP<ref name="nti.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/design_characteristics_of_india_ballistic_cruise_missiles.pdf?_=1415821730|title=Design Characteristics of India's Ballistic and Cruise Missiles|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/agni-2/ |title = Agni-II {{!}} Missile Threat}}</ref>
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|weight={{convert|16000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}  
|weight={{convert|16000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}  
|filling_weight={{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="nti.org"/>
|filling_weight={{convert|1000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="nti.org"/>
|number=12 (2017 est.)<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |title = The Military Balance 2017|isbn = 9781857439007|date = 14 February 2022}}</ref>
|number=12 (2017 est.)<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ |title = The Military Balance 2017|isbn = 9781857439007|date = 14 February 2017}}</ref>
|length=21 m<ref name=hindu20100518 >{{cite news|last=Mallikarjun|first=Y.|title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/agniii-missile-testfired-successfully/article769538.ece|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|length=21 m<ref name=hindu20100518 >{{cite news|last=Mallikarjun|first=Y.|title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/agniii-missile-testfired-successfully/article769538.ece|access-date=20 October 2011|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 May 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
|diameter=1.3 m
|diameter=1.3 m
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}}
}}


'''Agni-II''' ([[IAST]]: [[Agni]], {{lit|Fire}}), is the second strategic ballistic missile of [[Agni (missile)]] family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic [[nuclear deterrence]]. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-[[carbon composite]] material that is light and able to sustain high [[thermal stress]]es of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as [[Agni-IV]] plugging the gap between Agni-II and [[Agni-III]]. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success<ref>{{cite web|author=T.S. Subramanian |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2629274.ece |title=Missile success |work=The Hindu|date=2011-11-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431917.ece | location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu  | title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully | date=17 May 2010 | first=Y. | last=Mallikarjun}}</ref>
'''Agni-II''' ({{Lit|[[Agni|Fire]]}}), is the second strategic ballistic missile of the [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic [[nuclear deterrence]]. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-[[carbon composite]] material that is light and able to sustain high [[thermal stress]]es of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as [[Agni-IV]] plugging the gap between Agni-II and [[Agni-III]]. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success<ref>{{cite web|author=T.S. Subramanian |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2629274.ece |title=Missile success |work=The Hindu|date=2011-11-15 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431917.ece | location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu  | title=Agni-II missile test-fired successfully | date=17 May 2010 | first=Y. | last=Mallikarjun}}</ref>
[[File:Agni missile range.svg|thumb|right|250px|Agni missile range comparison.]]
[[File:Agni missile range.svg|thumb|right|250px|Agni missile range comparison.]]


On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a special strategic command force (SSC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.<ref>{{cite web|author=Super Admin |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |title=Agni-II test fired successful |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref> [[US Air Force]] [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,<ref>http://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> operated by the 335 Missile Group at Secunderabad using 12 TEL vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 |publisher=Missilethreat.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>
On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a [[Strategic Forces Command]] (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.<ref>{{cite web |author=Super Admin |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |title=Agni-II test fired successful |publisher=Oneindia |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 October 2011 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170540/http://news.oneindia.in/2010/05/17/agniii-test-firedsuccessful.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[US Air Force]] [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,<ref>[https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19 Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats] </ref> operated by the [[335 Missile Group]] of [[Regiment of Artillery (India)#Units|Regiment of Artillery]] at [[Secunderabad]] using 12 [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]] vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 |publisher=Missilethreat.com |access-date=2012-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archive-date=18 October 2012 }}</ref>


Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325133346/http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems |archive-date=25 March 2016 |title=India {{!}} Countries {{!}} NTI}}</ref>
Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325133346/http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems |archive-date=25 March 2016 |title=India {{!}} Countries {{!}} NTI}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
 
{{Portal|India|Rocketry|Nuclear technology}}
{{Aircontent
{{Aircontent
|see also=
|see also=

Latest revision as of 02:15, 5 February 2026


Agni-II
An Agni-II on a road-mobile launcher displayed at the Republic Day Parade 2004.
TypeMedium Range Ballistic Missile
Place of originIndia
Service history
In serviceActive[1]
Used byStrategic Forces Command
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
Unit cost25 crore (US$3.5 million) to 35 crore (US$4.9 million)[2]
No. built12 (2017 est.)[3]
Specifications
Mass16,000 kg (35,000 lb)
Length21 m[4]
Diameter1.3 m
WarheadConventional high explosive-unitary, penetration, sub-munitions, incendiary, thermobaric, strategic nuclear weapon
Warhead weight1,000 kg (2,200 lb)[5]

EngineMulti-stage solid rocket
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
2,000–3,500 km[6][5]
Flight ceiling405 km[7]
Flight altitude230 km[4]
Maximum speed 3.5 km/s (14,040 km/h)[8]
Guidance
system
Mid-course: RLG-INS + multi-GNSS
Terminal: Radar scene matching. Upgraded to ARH
Accuracy30–40 m CEP[5][9]
Launch
platform
Ashok Leyland/Tata transporter erector launcher

Agni-II (lit. 'Fire'), is the second strategic ballistic missile of the Agni family envisaged to be the mainstay of the Indian missile-based strategic nuclear deterrence. The Agni-II is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with two solid fuel stages and a Post Boost Vehicle (PBV) integrated into the missile's Re-entry Vehicle (RV). The Agni's manoeuvring RV is made of a carbon-carbon composite material that is light and able to sustain high thermal stresses of re-entry, in a variety of trajectories. The Agni-IIA is a more advanced version of Agni-II, albeit with more sophisticated and lighter materials, yielding a better range and operating regime. Agni-IIA was later renamed as Agni-IV plugging the gap between Agni-II and Agni-III. While the first test of Agni-IV in December 2010 was a failure, the second test flight in November 2011 was a success[10] Agni-II, developed as part of medium- and long-range Agni series of missile systems, has already been inducted into the Armed Forces.[11]

Agni missile range comparison.

On 17 May 2010, the trial was conducted with a Strategic Forces Command (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-II ballistic missile, with a range of 2,000 kilometres from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-II missile operational by army.[12] US Air Force National Air and Space Intelligence Center estimating that as of June 2017 less than 10 launchers were operationally deployed,[13] operated by the 335 Missile Group of Regiment of Artillery at Secunderabad using 12 TEL vehicles.[14]

Agni-II can reach all of Pakistan and most parts of south and southeastern China.[15]

See also[edit | edit source]

Related development

Related lists

References[edit | edit source]

  1. Press Trust, of India. "India Test Fires Medium Range Nuclear Capable Agni-II Missile". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  2. "Technical tune to Agni test before talks". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 30 August 2004. Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  3. The Military Balance 2017. 14 February 2017. ISBN 9781857439007.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Mallikarjun, Y. (18 May 2010). "Agni-II missile test-fired successfully". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Design Characteristics of India's Ballistic and Cruise Missiles" (PDF). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  6. "Missile Detail". Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  7. "Agni II". Bharat Rakshak – Missiles Section. Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  8. Vishwakarma, Arun (1 July 2007). "Indian Long Range Strategic Missiles" (PDF). Lancer Publishers and Distributors. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  9. "Agni-II | Missile Threat".
  10. T.S. Subramanian (15 November 2011). "Missile success". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  11. Mallikarjun, Y. (17 May 2010). "Agni-II missile test-fired successfully". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  12. Super Admin (17 May 2010). "Agni-II test fired successful". Oneindia. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  13. Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threats
  14. "Agni-2". Missilethreat.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  15. "India | Countries | NTI". Archived from the original on 25 March 2016.