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{{Short description|Countries | {{Short description|Countries predominantly situated in Asia}} | ||
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{{Redirect-multi|3|Eastern powers|Easterners|Eastern states|historical politics in Korea|Easterners (Korean political faction)|the region of the United States|Eastern United States|other uses|Eastern Power (disambiguation)|and}} | |||
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{{Use American English|date=July 2020}} | {{Use American English|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
[[File:Modern Asia (1796).tif|thumb|The Eastern world in a 1796 map, which included the continents of Asia and [[Australia (continent)|Australia]] (then known as [[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]]).]] | |||
[[File:Modern Asia (1796).tif|thumb | The '''Eastern world''', also known as '''the East''' or historically '''the [[Orient]]''', is an [[Hyponymy and hypernymy|umbrella term]] for various [[culture]]s or [[Society|social structures]], nations and [[Philosophy|philosophical systems]], which vary depending on the context. It most often includes [[Asia]], the [[Mediterranean region]] and the [[Arab world]], specifically in historical ([[Post-classical history|pre-modern]]) contexts, and in modern times in the context of [[Orientalism]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Thompson |first=William |author2=Joseph Hickey |year=2005 |title=Society in Focus |publisher=[[Pearson plc]] |location =Boston |id=0-205-41365-X}}</ref> The Eastern world is often seen as a [[Counterpart theory|counterpart]] to the [[Western world]]. | ||
The '''Eastern world''', also known as '''the East''' or historically '''the [[Orient]]''', is an [[Hyponymy and hypernymy|umbrella term]] for various [[culture]]s or [[Society|social structures]], nations and [[Philosophy|philosophical systems]], which vary depending on the context. It most often includes | |||
The various regions included in the term are varied, hard to generalize, and do not have a single shared common heritage. Although the various parts of the Eastern world share many common threads, most notably being in the "Global South", they have never historically defined themselves collectively. | The various regions included in the term are varied, hard to generalize, and do not have a single shared common heritage. Although the various parts of the Eastern world share many common threads, most notably being in the "[[Global South]]", they have never historically defined themselves collectively. The term originally had a literal geographic meaning, referring to the eastern part of the [[Old World]], contrasting the cultures and civilizations of Asia with those of Western Europe (or the [[Western world]]). | ||
Conceptually, the boundary between east and west is cultural, rather than geographical, as a result of which [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], which were founded as [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|British settler colonies]], are typically grouped with the Western world despite being geographically closer to the Eastern world, while the [[Soviet Central Asia|Central Asian nations]] of the former [[Soviet Union]] | Conceptually, the boundary between east and west is more cultural and historical, rather than geographical, as a result of which [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], which were founded as [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|British settler colonies]], are typically grouped with the Western world despite being geographically closer to the Eastern world, while the [[Soviet Central Asia|Central Asian nations]] of the former [[Soviet Union]], are grouped in the East.<ref name=Mestrovic>{{cite book | last = Meštrovic | first = Stjepan | title = Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 1994 | isbn = 0-203-34464-2 | page = 61}}</ref> Other than much of Asia and [[Africa]], Western Europe has absorbed almost all of the societies of the [[Americas]], and [[Oceania]] into the Western world because of [[settler colonialism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brasembottawa.org/en/culture_academic/fine_arts.html |title=Embassy of Brazil – Ottawa |publisher=Brasembottawa.org |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429013145/http://www.brasembottawa.org/en/culture_academic/fine_arts.html |archive-date=2011-04-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Falcoff |first=Mark |url=http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.11413/pub_detail.asp |title=Chile Moves On |publisher=AEI |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417075124/http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.11413/pub_detail.asp |archive-date=2009-04-17 }}</ref> | ||
Countries such as | Countries such as the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heydarian |first=Richard |date=2015-01-12 |title=Philippines' Shallow Capitalism: Westernization Without Prosperity |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-javad-heydarian/philippines-shallow-capit_b_6441868.html |access-date=19 November 2016 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hunt|first=Chester L.|title=The 'Americanization' Process in the Philippines |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/45071116 |journal=[[India Quarterly]]|year=1956 |volume=12|issue=2|pages=117–130|doi=10.1177/097492845601200204 |jstor=45071116 |s2cid=152671922 |access-date=July 5, 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref> which are geographically located in the Eastern world, may be considered [[Westernization|Western]] in some aspects of their society, culture and politics due to immigration and historical cultural influences from the [[United States]] and [[Western Europe]]. | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
As with other regions of the world, Asia consists of many different, extremely diverse countries, ethnic groups and cultures.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cartmill|first=Matt|title=The Status of the Race Concept in Physical Anthropology|date=September 1998|access-date=16 October 2021|url=https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627144817/https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-date=27 June 2021|page=651-660}}</ref> This concept is further debated because in some [[English-speaking world|English-speaking countries]], common vernacular associates the "Asian" identity to people of East Asian origin,<ref>For example, "Asian and Indian people" are referred to in the New Zealand Heart Foundation's [http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ BMI calculator] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531222922/http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ |date=2009-05-31 }}.</ref><ref name="Asia Society">{{cite web|last=Schiavenza|first=Matt|title= Why Some 'Brown Asians' Feel Left Out of the Asian American Conversation|url=https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/why-some-brown-asians-feel-left-out-asian-american-conversation|date=October 19, 2016|access-date=June 14, 2022|website=[[Asia Society]]|quote=And that, unfortunately, did not include any South Asians and only one Filipino. That caused a bit of an outcry. It raises a legitimate issue, of course, one about how 'brown Asians' often feel excluded from the Asian American conversation.}}</ref> while in some countries the "Asian" identity is associated with people of South Asian origin, and in other contexts, Asian regions such as the [[Indian subcontinent]] are included with East Asia. [[West Asia]] (which includes [[Israel]], part of the [[Arab world]], [[Iran]], etc.), which may or may not see themselves part of the Eastern world, are sometimes considered "Middle Eastern" and separate from Asia.<ref>{{cite book | last = Khatib | first = Lina | title = Filming the modern Middle East: politics in the cinemas of Hollywood and the Arab world | volume = 57 | series = Library of Modern Middle East Studies, Library of International Relations | publisher = [[I.B. Tauris]] | year = 2006 | isbn = 1-84511-191-5 | pages = 166–167, 173}}</ref> | {{overview section|date=December 2025}} | ||
As with other regions of the world, Asia consists of many different, extremely diverse countries, ethnic groups and cultures.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cartmill|first=Matt|title=The Status of the Race Concept in Physical Anthropology|date=September 1998|access-date=16 October 2021|url=https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627144817/https://pages.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/courses/anth42web/CartmillRaceConcept1998.pdf|archive-date=27 June 2021|page=651-660}}</ref> This concept is further debated because in some [[English-speaking world|English-speaking countries]], common vernacular associates the "Asian" identity to people of East Asian origin and Southeast Asian origin,<ref>For example, "Asian and Indian people" are referred to in the New Zealand Heart Foundation's [http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ BMI calculator] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531222922/http://www.pickthetick.org.nz/bmi/ |date=2009-05-31 }}.</ref><ref name="Asia Society">{{cite web|last=Schiavenza|first=Matt|title= Why Some 'Brown Asians' Feel Left Out of the Asian American Conversation|url=https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/why-some-brown-asians-feel-left-out-asian-american-conversation|date=October 19, 2016|access-date=June 14, 2022|website=[[Asia Society]]|quote=And that, unfortunately, did not include any South Asians and only one Filipino. That caused a bit of an outcry. It raises a legitimate issue, of course, one about how 'brown Asians' often feel excluded from the Asian American conversation.}}</ref> while in some countries the "Asian" identity is associated with people of South Asian origin, and in other contexts, Asian regions such as the [[Indian subcontinent]] are included with East Asia. [[West Asia]] (which includes [[Israel]], part of the [[Arab world]], [[Iran]], etc.), which may or may not see themselves part of the Eastern world, are sometimes considered "Middle Eastern" and separate from Asia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khatib |first=Lina |author-link=Lina Khatib |title=Filming the modern Middle East: politics in the cinemas of Hollywood and the Arab world |volume=57 | series=Library of Modern Middle East Studies, Library of International Relations |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |year=2006 |isbn=1-84511-191-5 |pages= 166–167, 173}}</ref> | |||
The division between 'East' and 'West', formerly referred to as [[Orient]] and [[Occident]], is a product of European cultural history and of the distinction between [[Christendom|Christian Europe]] and the cultures beyond it to the East. With the [[European colonization of the Americas]], the [[East-West dichotomy]] became global. The concept of an Eastern, "Indian" ([[Indies]]) or "[[Oriental]]" sphere was emphasized by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences. Such distinctions were articulated by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as [[Orientalism]] | The division between 'East' and 'West', formerly referred to as [[Orient]] and [[Occident]], is a product of European cultural history and of the distinction between [[Christendom|Christian Europe]] and the cultures beyond it to the East. With the [[European colonization of the Americas]], the [[East-West dichotomy]] became global. The concept of an Eastern, "Indian" ([[Indies]]) or "[[Oriental]]" sphere was emphasized by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences. Such distinctions were articulated by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as [[Orientalism]], which is notable in being a Western conception of a unified Eastern world not limited to any specific region(s), but rather all of Asia together.<ref>Tromans, 6</ref><ref>from the Latin ''oriens''; ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref> | ||
== Culture == | == Culture == | ||
{{ | {{unsourced section|date=July 2025}} | ||
Eastern culture, also known as Eastern civilization, Asian civilization, Oriental culture, Eastern society, or simply the East, refers to the [[Cultural heritage|internally diverse culture]] of the Eastern world. The term "Eastern" encompasses the [[social norms]], [[ethical value]]s, [[Tradition|traditional customs]], [[belief systems]], [[political system]]s, [[Cultural artifact|artifacts]] and [[technology|technologies]] primarily rooted in [[History of Asia|Asian]] history. There are subgroups within Eastern culture, such as countries within East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, as well as [[syncretism]] within these regions. These include the spread of [[Eastern religions]] such as [[Buddhism]] or [[Hinduism]], the usage of [[Chinese characters]] or [[Brahmic scripts]], language families, the fusion of cuisines, and traditions, among others. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
{{Portal|border=no|Asia|Civilizations|World}} | {{Portal |border=no|Asia|Civilizations|World}} | ||
{{col | |||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
* [[Arab world]] | * [[Arab world]] | ||
* [[Asia-Pacific]] | * [[Asia-Pacific]] | ||
* [[Buddhism by country]] | * [[Buddhism by country]] | ||
* [[Byzantine commonwealth]] | |||
* [[Christendom]] | * [[Christendom]] | ||
* [[Continental union]] | * [[Continental union]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 39: | ||
* [[Far East]] | * [[Far East]] | ||
* [[Globalization]] | * [[Globalization]] | ||
* [[Global East]] | |||
* [[Global North and Global South]] | * [[Global North and Global South]] | ||
* [[Greater India]] | * [[Greater India]] | ||
| Line 45: | Line 49: | ||
* [[Western world]] | * [[Western world]] | ||
* [[Westernization]] | * [[Westernization]] | ||
{{ | {{div col end}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Eastern world}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
[[Category:Asia-Pacific]] | [[Category:Asia-Pacific]] | ||
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[[Category:Cultural concepts]] | [[Category:Cultural concepts]] | ||
[[Category:Cultural regions]] | [[Category:Cultural regions]] | ||
[[Category:Historiography of Asia]] | |||
[[Category:Eastern culture]] | [[Category:Eastern culture]] | ||
[[Category:Eurocentrism]] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:31, 28 March 2026
File:Modern Asia (1796).tif The Eastern world, also known as the East or historically the Orient, is an umbrella term for various cultures or social structures, nations and philosophical systems, which vary depending on the context. It most often includes Asia, the Mediterranean region and the Arab world, specifically in historical (pre-modern) contexts, and in modern times in the context of Orientalism.[1] The Eastern world is often seen as a counterpart to the Western world.
The various regions included in the term are varied, hard to generalize, and do not have a single shared common heritage. Although the various parts of the Eastern world share many common threads, most notably being in the "Global South", they have never historically defined themselves collectively. The term originally had a literal geographic meaning, referring to the eastern part of the Old World, contrasting the cultures and civilizations of Asia with those of Western Europe (or the Western world).
Conceptually, the boundary between east and west is more cultural and historical, rather than geographical, as a result of which Australia and New Zealand, which were founded as British settler colonies, are typically grouped with the Western world despite being geographically closer to the Eastern world, while the Central Asian nations of the former Soviet Union, are grouped in the East.[2] Other than much of Asia and Africa, Western Europe has absorbed almost all of the societies of the Americas, and Oceania into the Western world because of settler colonialism.[3][4]
Countries such as the Philippines,[5][6] which are geographically located in the Eastern world, may be considered Western in some aspects of their society, culture and politics due to immigration and historical cultural influences from the United States and Western Europe.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Template:Overview section As with other regions of the world, Asia consists of many different, extremely diverse countries, ethnic groups and cultures.[7] This concept is further debated because in some English-speaking countries, common vernacular associates the "Asian" identity to people of East Asian origin and Southeast Asian origin,[8][9] while in some countries the "Asian" identity is associated with people of South Asian origin, and in other contexts, Asian regions such as the Indian subcontinent are included with East Asia. West Asia (which includes Israel, part of the Arab world, Iran, etc.), which may or may not see themselves part of the Eastern world, are sometimes considered "Middle Eastern" and separate from Asia.[10]
The division between 'East' and 'West', formerly referred to as Orient and Occident, is a product of European cultural history and of the distinction between Christian Europe and the cultures beyond it to the East. With the European colonization of the Americas, the East-West dichotomy became global. The concept of an Eastern, "Indian" (Indies) or "Oriental" sphere was emphasized by ideas of racial as well as religious and cultural differences. Such distinctions were articulated by Westerners in the scholarly tradition known as Orientalism, which is notable in being a Western conception of a unified Eastern world not limited to any specific region(s), but rather all of Asia together.[11][12]
Culture[edit | edit source]
 | This section does not cite any sources. (July 2025) |
Eastern culture, also known as Eastern civilization, Asian civilization, Oriental culture, Eastern society, or simply the East, refers to the internally diverse culture of the Eastern world. The term "Eastern" encompasses the social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies primarily rooted in Asian history. There are subgroups within Eastern culture, such as countries within East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia, as well as syncretism within these regions. These include the spread of Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism, the usage of Chinese characters or Brahmic scripts, language families, the fusion of cuisines, and traditions, among others.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Arab world
- Asia-Pacific
- Buddhism by country
- Byzantine commonwealth
- Christendom
- Continental union
- East Asian cultural sphere
- East–West dichotomy
- Far East
- Globalization
- Global East
- Global North and Global South
- Greater India
- Greater Iran
- Greater Middle East
- Hinduism by country
- Muslim world
- Near East
- Western world
- Westernization
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Thompson, William; Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson plc. 0-205-41365-X.
- ↑ Meštrovic, Stjepan (1994). Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 0-203-34464-2.
- ↑ "Embassy of Brazil – Ottawa". Brasembottawa.org. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- ↑ Falcoff, Mark. "Chile Moves On". AEI. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- ↑ Heydarian, Richard (12 January 2015). "Philippines' Shallow Capitalism: Westernization Without Prosperity". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ↑ Hunt, Chester L. (1956). "The 'Americanization' Process in the Philippines". India Quarterly. 12 (2): 117–130. doi:10.1177/097492845601200204. JSTOR 45071116. S2CID 152671922. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ↑ Cartmill, Matt (September 1998). "The Status of the Race Concept in Physical Anthropology" (PDF). p. 651-660. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ↑ For example, "Asian and Indian people" are referred to in the New Zealand Heart Foundation's BMI calculator Archived 2009-05-31 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Schiavenza, Matt (19 October 2016). "Why Some 'Brown Asians' Feel Left Out of the Asian American Conversation". Asia Society. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
And that, unfortunately, did not include any South Asians and only one Filipino. That caused a bit of an outcry. It raises a legitimate issue, of course, one about how 'brown Asians' often feel excluded from the Asian American conversation.
- ↑ Khatib, Lina (2006). Filming the modern Middle East: politics in the cinemas of Hollywood and the Arab world. Library of Modern Middle East Studies, Library of International Relations. Vol. 57. I.B. Tauris. pp. 166–167, 173. ISBN 1-84511-191-5.
- ↑ Tromans, 6
- ↑ from the Latin oriens; Oxford English Dictionary