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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}


{{Primary sources|date=December 2008}}
{{Primary sources|date=December 2008}}  
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Central Bank of India
| name = Central Bank of India
Line 12: Line 12:
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption = ''Central to You Since 1911''
| logo_caption = ''Central to You Since 1911''
| type = [[Government of India|Nationalised Bank]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|532885}}<br />{{NSE|CENTRALBK}}
| traded_as = {{BSE|532885}}<br />{{NSE|CENTRALBK}}
| key_people = {{ubl|Tapan Ray <br> {{small|(Non-Exe Chairman)}} <ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/dena-bank-punjab-sindh-bank-central-bank-of-india-get-new-chairpersons/articleshow/64305766.cms|title=Dena Bank, Punjab & Sindh Bank, Central Bank of India get new chairpersons|date=24 May 2018|access-date=3 September 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> | Matam Venkata Rao <br> {{small|(MD & CEO)}}}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2021/mar/01/canara-banks-executive-director-matam-venkata-rao-appointed-as-new-md--ceo-of-central-bank-2270537.amp|title=canara-banks-executive-director-matam-venkata-rao-appointed-as-new-md--ceo-of-central-bank|access-date=3 March 2021|newspaper=newindianexpress.com}}</ref>
| key_people = {{ubl|Tapan Ray <br /> {{small|(Non-Exe Chairman)}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/dena-bank-punjab-sindh-bank-central-bank-of-india-get-new-chairpersons/articleshow/64305766.cms|title=Dena Bank, Punjab & Sindh Bank, Central Bank of India get new chairpersons|date=24 May 2018|access-date=3 September 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> | Kalyan Kumar<br /> {{small|(MD & CEO)}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/kalyan-kumar-takes-over-as-md-and-ceo-of-central-bank-of-india/article70116160.ece|title=Kalyan Kumar takes over as MD and CEO of Central Bank of India|date=1 October 2025|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1911|12|21}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1911|12|21}}
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]],  [[India]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]],  India
| industry = [[Banking]] <br> [[Financial service]]s
| industry = [[Banking]] <br /> [[Financial service]]s
| revenue = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|25897.44|c}}(2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21">{{cite web|url=https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/sites/default/files/CBI-AR-2020-21.pdf|title=Annual Report of Central Bank of India }}</ref>
| revenue = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|25897.44|c}}(2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21">{{cite web|url=https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/sites/default/files/CBI-AR-2020-21.pdf|title=Annual Report of Central Bank of India }}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|4630|c}} (2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|5742|c}} (2023)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|-888|c}} (2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|1045|c}} (2023)<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| assets = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|369214.99|c}} (2021) <ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| assets = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|479128|c}} (2025) <ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| equity = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|5875.56|c}} (2021) <ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| equity = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|8680.94|c}} (2023) <ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
| owner = [[Government of India]] (93.08%) <ref name="Annual Report 2019-20">{{cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/532885/5328850320.pdf|title=Annual Report of Central Bank of India }}</ref>
| owner = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]] (89.27%)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centralbank.bank.in/sites/default/files/SHP_SEP_2025.pdf|title=Share holding pattern of Central Bank of India }}</ref>
| parent = [[Ministry of Finance]] , [[Government of India]]
| parent = [[Government of India]]
| num_employees = 32,335 (2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2019-20" />
| num_employees = 33,081<ref>{{Cite web |title=Employee strength of Public Sector Banks |url=https://sansad.in/getFile/annex/268/AU259_JW71fE.pdf?source=pqars |access-date=2025-07-24 |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Finance}}</ref>
| ratio = 14.81% (2021)<ref name="Annual Report 2019-20" />
| ratio = 15.68% (June 2024)
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://centralbank.bank.in/}}
| slogan =  
| slogan =  
}}
}}


'''Central Bank of India''' (CBI) is an Indian [[Government of India|nationalised bank]]. It is under the [[ownership]] of  [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] , [[Government of India]] and is one of the oldest and largest [[Government of India|nationalised commercial banks]] in India. It is based in [[Mumbai]], the financial capital of India and capital city of state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>[https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/site/MainSite.aspx?status=1&menu_id=9 Central Bank of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165848/https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/site/MainSite.aspx?status=1&menu_id=9 |date=3 March 2016 }}. Central Bank of India (19 April 2011). Retrieved on 31 March 2014.</ref>
The '''Central Bank of India''' ('''CBI''') is an [[Public sector banks in India|Indian public sector bank]] based in [[Mumbai]].<ref>[https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/site/MainSite.aspx?status=1&menu_id=9 Central Bank of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165848/https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/site/MainSite.aspx?status=1&menu_id=9 |date=3 March 2016 }}. Central Bank of India (19 April 2011). Retrieved on 31 March 2014.</ref> Despite its name, CBI is not the [[central bank]] of India, a role served by the [[Reserve Bank of India]].
 
Despite its name it is not the central bank of India; the Indian central bank is the [[Reserve Bank of India]].
 
Although the NDA government has generally favored mergers among public sector banks in India, Central Bank of India has remained a separate entity owing to its pan-India presence.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} CBI is one of twelve public sector banks in India that was [[Recapitalization|recapitalised]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=349393 |title=18 govt banks to be recapitalised |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=18 February 2009 |access-date=2 August 2010|newspaper=Business Standard India }}</ref>
 
As on 31 March 2021, the bank has a network of 4,608 branches, 3,644 ATMs, ten satellite offices and one extension counter. It has a pan-India presence covering all 28 states, Seven out of eight union territories and 574 district headquarters  out of all districts in the country.<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />
 
Central Bank of India has approached the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI) for permission to open representative offices in  [[Singapore]], [[Dubai]], [[Doha]], and [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2008/nov/20bcrisis-central-bank-of-india-to-expand-overseas.htm |title=Central Bank of India to expand overseas |publisher=Rediff.com |access-date=2 August 2010}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Central Bank of India 2010 stamp.jpg|thumb|A 2010 stamp dedicated to Sorabji Pochkhanawala and the 100th anniversary of the Central Bank of India]]
[[File:Central Bank of India 2010 stamp.jpg|thumb|A 2010 stamp dedicated to Sorabji Pochkhanawala and the 100th anniversary of the Central Bank of India]]
The Central Bank of India was established on 21 December 1911 by Sir [[Sorabji Pochkhanawala]] with Sir Pherozeshah Mehta as Chairman,<ref name="The Hindu 2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/Central-Bank-IPO-to-open-on-July-24/article14794226.ece|title=Central Bank IPO to open on 24 July|date=14 July 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 July 2008|location=[[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] India}}</ref> and claims to have been the first commercial Indian bank completely owned and managed by Indians.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
The Central Bank of India was established on 21 December 1911 by Sir [[Sorabji Pochkhanawala]] with Sir Pherozeshah Mehta as chairman,<ref name="The Hindu 2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/Central-Bank-IPO-to-open-on-July-24/article14794226.ece|title=Central Bank IPO to open on 24 July|date=14 July 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 July 2008|location=[[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] India}}</ref> and the first commercial Indian bank completely owned and managed by Indians.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Established in 1911, Central Bank of India was the first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians |url=https://www.centralbankofindia.co.in/en/about-us/profile |website=centralbankofindia}}</ref>


===Early-20th century===
===Early-20th century===
By 1918 Central Bank of India had established a branch in [[Hyderabad]]. A branch in nearby [[Secunderabad]] followed in 1925.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
By 1918, the Central Bank of India had established a branch in [[Hyderabad]]. A branch in nearby [[Secunderabad]] followed in 1925.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}


In 1923, it acquired the '''Tata Industrial Bank''' in the wake of the failure of the [[Alliance Bank of Simla]]. The Tata bank, established in 1917, had opened a branch in Madras in 1920 that became the Central Bank of India, Madras.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
In 1923, it acquired the '''Tata Industrial Bank''' in the wake of the failure of the [[Alliance Bank of Simla]]. The Tata Bank, established in 1917, had opened a branch in Madras in 1920 that became the Central Bank of India, Madras.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}


Central Bank of India was instrumental in the creation of the first Indian exchange bank, the Central Exchange Bank of India, which opened in London in 1936. However, [[Barclays]] Bank acquired Central Exchange Bank of India in 1938.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Tappan, Irfan Habib, & Dharma Kumar, eds. (1983) ''The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, c.1751-c.1970''. (CUP Archive). p. 782. {{ISBN|9780521228022}}</ref>
The Central Bank of India was instrumental in the creation of the first Indian exchange bank, the Central Exchange Bank of India, which opened in [[London]] in 1936. However, [[Barclays]] Bank acquired Central Exchange Bank of India in 1938.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Tappan, Irfan Habib, & Dharma Kumar, eds. (1983) ''The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, c.1751-c.1970''. (CUP Archive). p. 782. {{ISBN|9780521228022}}</ref>


Also before World War II, Central Bank of India established a branch in [[Rangoon]]. The branch's operations concentrated on business between [[Burma]] and India, and especially money transmission via telegraphic transfer. Profits derived primarily from foreign exchange and margins. The bank also lent against land, produce, and other assets, mostly to Indian businesses.<ref>Turnell, pp. 116–7.</ref>
Also, before World War II, the Central Bank of India established a branch in [[Rangoon]]. The branch's operations concentrated on business between [[Burma]] and India, and especially money transmission via telegraphic transfer. Profits are derived primarily from foreign exchange and margins. The bank also lent against land, produce, and other assets, mostly to Indian businesses.<ref>Turnell, pp. 116–7.</ref>


===Post-World War II===
===Post-World War II===
In 1963, the [[Politics of Burma#Military socialist era|revolutionary government]] in Burma nationalized Central Bank of India's operations there, which became People's Bank No. 1.<ref>Turnell, p. 226.</ref>
In 1963, the [[Politics of Burma#Military socialist era|revolutionary government]] in Burma nationalized the Central Bank of India's operations there, which became People's Bank No. 1.<ref>Turnell, p. 226.</ref>


In 1969, the [[Government of India|Indian Government]] [[Indian banking#Nationalisation|nationalized]] the bank on 19 July, together with 13 others.
In 1969, the [[Government of India|Indian Government]] [[Indian banking#Nationalisation|nationalized]] the bank on 19 July, together with 13 others.


  [[File:Nameboard_of_Central_Bank_of_India_.jpg|thumb|Nameboard of Central Bank of India, Shankar Sheth Road Branch, Pune]]
  [[File:Nameboard_of_Central_Bank_of_India_.jpg|thumb|Nameboard of Central Bank of India, Shankar Sheth Road Branch, Pune.]]
[[File:Central Bank of India building at Brabourne Road in Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Central Bank of India, Brabourne Road Branch (in blue), in Kolkata.]]
Central Bank of India was one of the first banks in India to issue credit cards in the year 1980 in collaboration with [[Visa Inc.|Visa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-20 |title=The Evolution of Cards: From Charge Plates to Contactless Cards - Razorpay Business |url=https://razorpay.com/blog/history-credit-debit-cards-visa-mastercard/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>


In the 1980s the managers of the London branches of Central Bank of India, [[Punjab National Bank]], and [[Union Bank of India]] were caught up in a fraud in which they made dubious loans to the Bangladeshi jute trader Rajender Singh Sethia. The regulatory authorities in England and India forced all three Indian banks to close their London branches.
On its 108th Foundation Day, the Central Bank of India launched its first step towards robotic banking, a robot named "MEDHA".


Central Bank of India was one of the first banks in India to issue credit cards in the year 1980 in collaboration with [[Mastercard]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
CBI is one of twelve public sector banks in India that was [[Recapitalization|recapitalised]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2009 |title=18 govt banks to be recapitalised |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business-standard.com |url=http://business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=349393 |access-date=2 August 2010}}</ref>


On its 108th Foundation day Central Bank of India launched its first step towards robotic banking, a robot named "MEDHA".
As of 31 March 2021, the bank has a network of 4,608 branches, 3,644 [[Automated_teller_machine|ATM]]s, ten satellite offices, and one extension counter. It has a pan-India presence covering all 28 states, seven out of eight union territories, and 574 district headquarters out of all districts in the country.<ref name="Annual Report 2020-21" />


==See also==
[[Reserve_Bank_of_India|RBI]]'s [[Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation_Improvement_Act_of_1991#Prompt_Corrective_Action|prompt corrective action]] (PCA) came out last in the public sector in 2022. The PCA framework blocked large loans, restricted dividend payments, and restricted expenses.<ref>{{Cite news|lang=en|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/central-bank-of-india-last-to-exit-pca/articleshow/94338928.cms|title=Central Bank of India last to exit PCA|website=The Times of India|date=21 September 2022 |access-date=2024-03-25|archive-date=2022-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925175946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/central-bank-of-india-last-to-exit-pca/articleshow/94338928.cms}}</ref>


* [[Banking in India]]
In 2024, Central Bank of India [[Governor]] MV Rao became chairman of the [[Indian_Banks%27_Association|Indian Banks Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|lang=en|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/central-bank-of-india-chief-executive-m-v-rao-elected-as-indian-banks-association-chairman/article67975707.ece|title=Central Bank of India chief executive M V Rao elected as Indian Banks' Association Chairman|website=The Hindu Businessline|date=21 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-25|archive-date=2024-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321120743/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/central-bank-of-india-chief-executive-m-v-rao-elected-as-indian-banks-association-chairman/article67975707.ece}}</ref>
* [[List of banks in India]]
 
* [[Reserve Bank of India]]
==Subsidiaries==
* [[Indian Financial System Code]]
* Centbank Financial Services Limited, wholly owned subsidiary of Central Bank of India
* [[List of largest banks]]
* Cent Bank Home Finance. As on 31st March, 2025, the CBI holds 64% stake.
* [[List of companies of India]]
 
* [[Make in India]]
== Controversies ==
In the 1980s, the managers of the London branches of Central Bank of India, [[Punjab National Bank]], and [[Union Bank of India]] were caught up in a fraud in which they made dubious loans to the Bangladeshi jute trader Rajender Singh Sethia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Businessman Rajender Singh Sethia fought 34-year-long legal battle to prove innocence |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jul/16/businessman-rajender-singh-sethia-fought-34-year-long-legal-battle-to-prove-innocence-2004350.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The New Indian Express|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref> The regulatory authorities in England and India forced all three Indian banks to close their London branches.


==References==
==References==
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==Cited sources==
==Cited sources==
*Turnell, Sean (2009) ''Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinnance in Burma''. (NAIS Press). {{ISBN|9788776940409}}
{{commons category}}
*Turnell, Sean (2009) ''Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma''. (NAIS Press). {{ISBN|9788776940409}}


{{Banking in India}}
{{Banking in India}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{Nifty 200 companies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Bank of India}}
[[Category:Public sector banks in India]]
[[Category:Public Sector Banks in India]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1911]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1911]]
[[Category:Banks based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Banks based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Companies nationalised by the Government of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1911]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1911]]
[[Category:List of Institutions using TCS BaNCS]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Latest revision as of 16:24, 23 February 2026


This article is about the commercial bank. For India's central bank, see Reserve Bank of India.

Central Bank of India
Traded asBSE: 532885
NSE: CENTRALBK
IndustryBanking
Financial services
Founded21 December 1911; 114 years ago (1911-12-21)
HeadquartersMumbai, Maharashtra, India
Key people
  • Tapan Ray
    (Non-Exe Chairman)[1]
  • Kalyan Kumar
    (MD & CEO)[2]
RevenueDecrease ₹25,897.44 crore (US$3.6 billion)(2021)[3]
Increase ₹5,742 crore (US$810 million) (2023)[3]
Increase ₹1,045 crore (US$150 million) (2023)[3]
Total assetsIncrease₹479,128 crore (US$67 billion) (2025) [3]
Total equityIncrease₹8,680.94 crore (US$1.2 billion) (2023) [3]
OwnerMinistry of Finance, Government of India (89.27%)[4]
Number of employees
33,081[5]
ParentGovernment of India
Capital ratio class39 = tel15.68% (June 2024)
Websitecentralbank.bank.in

The Central Bank of India (CBI) is an Indian public sector bank based in Mumbai.[6] Despite its name, CBI is not the central bank of India, a role served by the Reserve Bank of India.

History[edit | edit source]

A 2010 stamp dedicated to Sorabji Pochkhanawala and the 100th anniversary of the Central Bank of India

The Central Bank of India was established on 21 December 1911 by Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala with Sir Pherozeshah Mehta as chairman,[7] and the first commercial Indian bank completely owned and managed by Indians.[8]

Early-20th century[edit | edit source]

By 1918, the Central Bank of India had established a branch in Hyderabad. A branch in nearby Secunderabad followed in 1925.[citation needed]

In 1923, it acquired the Tata Industrial Bank in the wake of the failure of the Alliance Bank of Simla. The Tata Bank, established in 1917, had opened a branch in Madras in 1920 that became the Central Bank of India, Madras.[citation needed]

The Central Bank of India was instrumental in the creation of the first Indian exchange bank, the Central Exchange Bank of India, which opened in London in 1936. However, Barclays Bank acquired Central Exchange Bank of India in 1938.[9]

Also, before World War II, the Central Bank of India established a branch in Rangoon. The branch's operations concentrated on business between Burma and India, and especially money transmission via telegraphic transfer. Profits are derived primarily from foreign exchange and margins. The bank also lent against land, produce, and other assets, mostly to Indian businesses.[10]

Post-World War II[edit | edit source]

In 1963, the revolutionary government in Burma nationalized the Central Bank of India's operations there, which became People's Bank No. 1.[11]

In 1969, the Indian Government nationalized the bank on 19 July, together with 13 others.

Nameboard of Central Bank of India, Shankar Sheth Road Branch, Pune.
Central Bank of India, Brabourne Road Branch (in blue), in Kolkata.

Central Bank of India was one of the first banks in India to issue credit cards in the year 1980 in collaboration with Visa.[12]

On its 108th Foundation Day, the Central Bank of India launched its first step towards robotic banking, a robot named "MEDHA".

CBI is one of twelve public sector banks in India that was recapitalised in 2009.[13]

As of 31 March 2021, the bank has a network of 4,608 branches, 3,644 ATMs, ten satellite offices, and one extension counter. It has a pan-India presence covering all 28 states, seven out of eight union territories, and 574 district headquarters out of all districts in the country.[3]

RBI's prompt corrective action (PCA) came out last in the public sector in 2022. The PCA framework blocked large loans, restricted dividend payments, and restricted expenses.[14]

In 2024, Central Bank of India Governor MV Rao became chairman of the Indian Banks Association.[15]

Subsidiaries[edit | edit source]

  • Centbank Financial Services Limited, wholly owned subsidiary of Central Bank of India
  • Cent Bank Home Finance. As on 31st March, 2025, the CBI holds 64% stake.

Controversies[edit | edit source]

In the 1980s, the managers of the London branches of Central Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and Union Bank of India were caught up in a fraud in which they made dubious loans to the Bangladeshi jute trader Rajender Singh Sethia.[16] The regulatory authorities in England and India forced all three Indian banks to close their London branches.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Dena Bank, Punjab & Sindh Bank, Central Bank of India get new chairpersons". The Economic Times. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  2. ↑ "Kalyan Kumar takes over as MD and CEO of Central Bank of India". The Hindu. 1 October 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Annual Report of Central Bank of India" (PDF).
  4. ↑ "Share holding pattern of Central Bank of India" (PDF).
  5. ↑ "Employee strength of Public Sector Banks" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Finance. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
  6. ↑ Central Bank of India Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Central Bank of India (19 April 2011). Retrieved on 31 March 2014.
  7. ↑ "Central Bank IPO to open on 24 July". The Hindu. Chennai, Tamil Nadu India. 14 July 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  8. ↑ "Established in 1911, Central Bank of India was the first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians". centralbankofindia.
  9. ↑ Raychaudhuri, Tappan, Irfan Habib, & Dharma Kumar, eds. (1983) The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 2, c.1751-c.1970. (CUP Archive). p. 782. ISBN 9780521228022
  10. ↑ Turnell, pp. 116–7.
  11. ↑ Turnell, p. 226.
  12. ↑ "The Evolution of Cards: From Charge Plates to Contactless Cards - Razorpay Business". 20 July 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2025.
  13. ↑ "18 govt banks to be recapitalised". Business Standard India. Business-standard.com. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  14. ↑ "Central Bank of India last to exit PCA". The Times of India. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  15. ↑ "Central Bank of India chief executive M V Rao elected as Indian Banks' Association Chairman". The Hindu Businessline. 21 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  16. ↑ "Businessman Rajender Singh Sethia fought 34-year-long legal battle to prove innocence". The New Indian Express. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2022.

Cited sources[edit | edit source]

  • Turnell, Sean (2009) Fiery Dragons: Banks, Moneylenders and Microfinance in Burma. (NAIS Press). ISBN 9788776940409
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