Vithoba Temple: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by 2601:86:100:A390:8D23:B231:FBB8:8064
Last edited February 14, 2026
VisualWikitext
Unrelated to article
 
mNo edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Vitthhal-Rukmini Temple in Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{NPOV language|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| image  = Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10) (cropped).jpg
| image  = Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10) (cropped).jpg
| alt          =  
| alt          =  
| caption            = Sri Vitthal Rukmini Devasthan
| caption            = Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir
| map_type  = India Maharashtra
| map_type  = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|17.67|75.33|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates        = {{coord|17.67|75.33|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir
| country = [[India]]
| country = [[India]]
| state  = [[Maharashtra]]
| state  = [[Maharashtra]]
| district  = [[Solapur]]
| district  = [[Solapur]]
| location = [[Pandharpur]],        [[Solapur District|Solapur]],    [[Maharashtra State|Maharashtra]],  [[India]]  
| location = [[Pandharpur]]  
| elevation_m        =  
| elevation_m        =  
| deity      = [[Vithoba]] alias Vitthala
| deity      = [[Vithoba]]
[[Rukmini|Rakhumai]]
| festivals= [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]],  [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]].  
| festivals= [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]],  [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]].  
| architecture      = [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala Architecture]]
| architecture      = [[Bhumija|Bhumija architecture]]
| year_completed        = 1108 - 1152 CE
| year_completed        = 1108–1152 CE
| creator            =  [[Vishnuvardhana]], [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] King<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great Pandharpur Pilgrimage |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/the-great-pandharpur-pilgrimage/ |website=Live Histrory India}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Vaishnavism}}


The '''Vithoba Temple''', officially known as '''Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir''' ({{lang-mr|श्री विठ्ठल-रूक्मिणी मंदिर}},is a [[Hindu temple]] in [[Pandharpur]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. It is the main centre of worship for [[Vithoba]], a form of the god [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]], and his consort [[Rukmini|Rakhumai]]. The temple was built by King [[Vishnuvardhana]] of [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] Empire between 1108 - 1152 CE upon being convinced by the historical figure Pundalik. Also, there is an inscription in the temple, of a Hoysala King [[Vira Someshwara]] dating back to 1237 CE, which grants the temple a village for its upkeep.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great Pandharpur Pilgrimage |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/the-great-pandharpur-pilgrimage/ |website=Live History India}}</ref> It is the most visited temple in [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Warkari]]s start marching from their homes to the temple of Pandharpur in groups called [[Dindi (procession)]] to reach on [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]] and [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]]. A dip in the holy river [[Bhima River|Chandrabhaga]], on whose banks [[Pandharpur]] resides, is believed to have power to wash all sins. All the devotees are allowed to touch the feet of the idol of Vithoba. In May 2014, the temple became the first in India to invite women and people from backward classes as priests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/caste-no-bar-women-non-brahmins-will-be-priests-in-pandharpur-temple-1548569.html |title=Caste no bar: Women, non-Brahmins will be priests in Pandharpur temple |publisher= [[Firstpost]] |author= Vishwas Waghmode |date= 29 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pandharpur-temple-allows-women-men-of-all-castes-as-priests/article6038635.ece |title=Pandharpur temple allows women, men of all castes as priests |author= Amruta Byatnal |publisher= [[The Hindu]] |date= 23 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-athawale-slams-sanatan-for-opposing-dalit-priest-in-temple-1988430 |title=Athawale slams Sanatan for opposing Dalit priest in temple |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date= 15 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/first-time-in-900-yrs-vitthal-rukmini-temple-may-get-non-brahmin-priests/ |title=First time in 900 yrs, Vitthal Rukmini temple may get non-Brahmin priests |publisher=The Indian Express |date= 6 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lord Vithoba temple makes history by having women and lower-caste priests |url= http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/lord-vithoba-temple-makes-history-by-having-women-and-lower-caste-priests/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date= 9 May 2014}}</ref>
The '''Vithoba Temple''', officially known as '''Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir''' ({{langx|mr|श्री विठ्ठल-रूक्मिणि देऊळ}}) is a [[Hindu temple]] in [[Pandharpur]], in the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> It is the main centre of worship for [[Vithoba]], a form of the god [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]], and his consort [[Rukmini|Rakhumai]]. It is one of the 108 [[Abhimana Kshethram]] of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavate]] tradition.{{cn|date=October 2023}} The temple was built by King [[Vishnuvardhana]] (Bittideva) of [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] Empire between 1108 and 1152 CE upon being convinced by the historical figure [[Pundalik]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}{{Dubious|date=February 2026}} Also, there is an inscription in the temple, of a Hoysala King [[Vira Someshwara]] dating back to 1237 CE, which grants the temple a village for its upkeep.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great Pandharpur Pilgrimage |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/the-great-pandharpur-pilgrimage/ |website=Live History India|date=3 July 2017 }}</ref> It is the most visited temple in [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Warkari]]s start marching from their homes to the temple of Pandharpur in groups called [[Dindi (procession)]] to reach on [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]] and [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]]. A dip in the [[holy river]] [[Bhima River|Chandrabhaga]], on whose banks [[Pandharpur]] resides, is believed to have power to wash all sins. All the devotees are allowed to touch the feet of the idol of Vithoba. In May 2014, the temple became the first in India to invite women and people from backward classes as priests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/caste-no-bar-women-non-brahmins-will-be-priests-in-pandharpur-temple-1548569.html |title=Caste no bar: Women, non-Brahmins will be priests in Pandharpur temple |publisher= [[Firstpost]] |author= Vishwas Waghmode |date= 29 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pandharpur-temple-allows-women-men-of-all-castes-as-priests/article6038635.ece |title=Pandharpur temple allows women, men of all castes as priests |author= Amruta Byatnal |work= [[The Hindu]] |date= 23 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-athawale-slams-sanatan-for-opposing-dalit-priest-in-temple-1988430 |title=Athawale slams Sanatan for opposing Dalit priest in temple |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date= 15 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/first-time-in-900-yrs-vitthal-rukmini-temple-may-get-non-brahmin-priests/ |title=First time in 900 yrs, Vitthal Rukmini temple may get non-Brahmin priests |publisher=The Indian Express |date= 6 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lord Vithoba temple makes history by having women and lower-caste priests |url= http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/lord-vithoba-temple-makes-history-by-having-women-and-lower-caste-priests/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date= 9 May 2014}}</ref>


Although parts of the temple date to the 12th or 13th centuries, the existing structure mainly dates to the 17th century or later, and reflects the later Deccan style, with dome motifs and lobed arches.<ref>Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', p. 386, 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}</ref>
Although parts of the temple date to the 12th or 13th century, the existing structure mainly dates to the 17th century or later, and reflects the later Deccan style, with dome motifs and lobed arches.<ref>Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', p. 386, 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}</ref> Attempts were made to destroy the temple by [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]], however the original central figure of the shrine was protected by the Brahmin priests Badve while Afzalkhan destroyed a similar idol.


==Legend of Pundalik==
==Legend of Pundalik==
[[File:Syayambhuvithoba.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The central image of Vithoba]]
[[File:Syayambhuvithoba.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The central image of Vithoba]]
The saga of Pundalik is one of the most important ''Mahima'' legends about Vithoba. How Vithoba came to Pandharpur is a story in which Pundalik is vital. Pundalik is a devoted son to his parents Janudev and Satyavati, who lived in a forest called Dandirvan. But after his wedding, Pundalik begins ill-treating his parents. Tired with their son’s misbehavior and ill treatment, the elderly couple decide to leave for Kashi. Legend holds that people who die in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]] attain salvation and emancipation from the cycle of birth and death; so, many pious Hindus in the bygone era would relocate to Kashi as their end drew near.
[[Pundalik]] is a devoted son to his parents Janudev and Satyavati, who lived in a forest called Dandirvan. But after his wedding, Pundalik begins ill-treating his parents. Tired with their son's misbehavior and ill treatment, the elderly couple decide to leave for Kashi. Legend holds that people who die in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]] attain salvation and emancipation from the cycle of birth and death. Many Hindus would relocate to Kashi before they died.  


However, the elderly couple are not destined to escape their suffering so easily. Upon hearing his parents' plans, Pundalik and his wife decide to join them on pilgrimage. The ill treatment continues. While the youthful son and his wife ride on horseback, the frail old couple walk in bad weather. Pundalik even makes his old parents work to make his own journey comfortable. Every evening, when the party camps for the night, the son forces his parents to groom the horses and do other jobs.
Upon hearing his parents' plans, Pundalik and his wife decide to join them on pilgrimage. The ill treatment continues. While the Pundalik and his wife ride on horseback, his parents walk. Pundalik even makes his old parents work to make his own journey comfortable. Every evening, when the party camps for the night, the son forces his parents to groom the horses and do other jobs.


On the way to Kashi, the group reached the ashram (hermitage) of a pious and venerable sage, Kukkutswami. Exhausted, the family decides to spend a few days there. That night, when all were asleep, Pundalik by chance is awake and sees a remarkable vision. Just before dawn, a group of beautiful young women, dressed in soiled clothes, enter the ashram; they clean the floor, fetch water and wash the venerable sage’s clothes. After finishing their chores, they go to the prayer-room. When they reappear after prayer, their clothes are spotlessly clean. Then, they vanish as inexplicably as they had appeared.
On the way to Kashi, the group reached the ashram (hermitage) of a pious and venerable sage, Kukkutswami. Exhausted, the family decides to spend a few days there. That night, when all were asleep, Pundalik by chance is awake and sees a remarkable vision. Just before dawn, a group of beautiful young women, dressed in soiled clothes, enter the ashram; they clean the floor, fetch water and wash the venerable sage's clothes. After finishing their chores, they go to the prayer-room. When they reappear after prayer, their clothes are spotlessly clean. Then, they vanish as inexplicably as they had appeared.


Pundalik was not moved to raise an alarm, but feels a deep sense of peace witnessing the scene. It remains on his mind the whole day and he resolves to remain awake the next night, and confirm it was not merely a dream. This time, however, Pundalik is very curious. He approaches the beautiful women and asks details. They reply, they are the [[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]] (Ganges), [[Yamuna]] and other holy rivers of India—revered for their holiness. Pilgrims wish to take a dip in their holy waters to wash away their sins, which in fact are soiling their clothes. Then, the women say: "But O Pundalik, you, with your ill-treatment of your parents, are the greatest sinner of them all!"{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Pundalik is utterly shocked and his consciousness transforms. He realizes his misdeeds, becomes entirely devoted to his parents and ensures their comfort, even risking his own.
Pundalik feels a deep sense of peace witnessing the scene. It remains on his mind the whole day and he resolves to remain awake the next night, and confirm it was not merely a dream. The next night, Pundalik approaches the beautiful women and asks who they are. They reveal themselves as the [[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]] (Ganges), [[Yamuna]] and other holy rivers of India. Pilgrims wish to take a dip in their holy waters to wash away their sins, which in fact are soiling their clothes. Then, the women say: "But O Pundalik, you, with your ill-treatment of your parents, are the greatest sinner of them all!"{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Pundalik realizes his misdeeds, becomes entirely devoted to his parents and ensures their comfort, even risking his own.


Devotion in any form reaches [[God]] swiftly. Impressed by Pundalik's devotion to his parents, [[Krishna]] planned to bless [[Pundalik]] immediately. So, he left (His abode) for Pundalik’s ashram. Krishna knocks at Pundalik’s door, when he is busy serving his parents food. Pundalik does realize God is at his door. But such was his devotion to his parents, he wants to complete his duties and only then attend the visitor. Then, Pundalik does something strange but out of real devotion. He throws a brick outside for God to stand on and wait for him until he finishes attending to his parents. It is the first day of monsoon so it is wet and muddy outside.  If Lord Krishna stands upon a brick his feet will remain clean and dry.
Impressed by Pundalik's devotion to his parents, [[Krishna]],  plans to bless Pundalik immediately. So, he left (His abode) for Pundalik's ashram. Krishna knocks at Pundalik's door while he is busy serving his parents food. Pundalik realizes that God is at his door but decides to serve his parents first. So, Pundalik throws a brick outside for God to stand on and wait for him until he finishes attending to his parents. It is the first day of monsoon so it is wet and muddy outside.  If Vishnu stands upon a brick his feet will remain clean and dry.


Seeing this act, Krishna was extremely impressed and the ever-loving God waited for his devotee. When Pundalik came out, he begged for pardon but far from being displeased, Krishna was taken over by Pundalik's love for his parents and granted a boon. Pundalik requested Krishna to stay back on Earth and bless all his true devotees. He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, [[Rukmini]] (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here.<ref name=legend/>
Seeing this act, Krishna was extremely impressed by Pundalik's love for his parents and granted a boon. Pundalik requests Krishna to stay on Earth and bless all his true devotees. Krishna agrees to stay and takes the form of Vithoba. Currently, the deity resides in the Vithoba temple and is worshipped alongside [[Rukmini]], his chief consort.<ref name=legend/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=765 |language=en}}</ref>


==Sant Namdeva Maharaj Payari==
==Sant Namdeva Maharaj Payari==
[[File:Pandharpur Vithoba temple.jpg|thumb|Chief (eastern) entrance of the temple, which houses the "Sant Namdev Maharaj Payari". The small blue temple in front of the gate is saint Chokhamela's memorial.]]
[[File:Pandharpur Vithoba temple.jpg|thumb|Chief (eastern) entrance of the temple, which houses the "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari". The small blue temple in front of the gate is saint Chokhamela's memorial.]]
[[File:Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10).jpg|thumb|The exit for pilgrims; with the shikhara of Rakhumai's cella seen]]
[[File:Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10).jpg|thumb|The exit for pilgrims; with the shikhara of Rakhumai's cella seen]]
An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called “Sant Namdev Maharaj Payari” (step of Sant Namdev Maharaj). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of “naivedya” (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does “naivedya” and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the "first step" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the “darshan” (view). So, this first step is called “Sant Namdev Maharaj Payari”. It is also believed that [[Tukaram]], a 17th-century devotee of [[Krishna]] spent his last days in the temple.<ref name=legend>{{cite book|title=Temples of India Myths and Legends|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|location=New Delhi|editor1-last=S.|editor1-first= Manjula|last=Bhoothalingam|first=Mathuram|year=2016|pages=11–14|isbn=978-81-230-1661-0}}</ref>
An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari" (step of Sant Namdev Maharaj). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of "naivedya" (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does "naivedya" and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the "first step" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the "darshan" (view). So, this first step is called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari".
 
=== Sant Tukaram===
==Dindi Yatra==
It is also believed that [[Tukaram]] - a 17th-century devotee of [[Krishna]] in the form of ''Vithoba'' - spent his last days in the temple.<ref name=legend>{{cite book|title=Temples of India Myths and Legends|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|location=New Delhi|editor1-last=S.|editor1-first= Manjula|last=Bhoothalingam|first=Mathuram|year=2016|pages=11–14|isbn=978-81-230-1661-0}}</ref>
{{Main|Pandharpur_Vari}}
Ashadi Ekadasi is a religious procession and is celebrated during the months of June- July (Aashaadh Shukla paksha). It consists of a beautifully decorated Palkhi having the “padukas” of the lord and the Palkhi procession consists of people collectively walking, singing and dancing the glory of the Lord in what are called as ‘Dindis’. This is said to be the World's largest and oldest people movement where people gather on a specific day every year and perform a walk of a distance of around 250&nbsp;km. Pandharpur Ashadi Ekadashi Wari journey has been honoured by World Book of Records, London under the title 'One of the Most visited places in a day'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldbookofrecords.uk/records/record_detail/shri-vitthal-rukmini-mandir--pandharpur--india-216|title=World Book of Records|website=worldbookofrecords.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-20}}</ref>
 
The Palkhi procession has remained unbroken since it began despite wars, famines and floods. More than Fifty Palkhis of saints assemble at Pandharpur every year. In Maharashtra “Varkaris” (predominantly simple farmers) is a big community. They usually undertake 21-day walk after they have completed the sowing process in their fields. In the Ashadi Ekadasi festival, people from every faith and religion participate. Learned sages also come for it. Jnyaneshwar preached the Gita which is considered the highest religious text in Maharashtra.
 
The 'Bhakti Marg' (the path of devotion) as propounded by Sant Jnyaneshwar, teach us to forget the physical self in pursuit of the Lord. When the Varkaris sing and dance during the pilgrimage, they forget the material world around them.
 
Along with the Dindi procession, seva to the poor and needy is done reflecting that Lord is in all forms. This is called ‘Seva Dindi’. During the Seva Dindi, the people on pilgrimage undertake selfless service to the poor and needy like Amrut Kalash (Annadhan), Narayan seva, Medical seva, Building & repairing rural infrastructure etc.
 
Participation in Ashadi Dindi and Seva Dindi helps an individual in many ways by bringing good health, peace & prosperity in his life. Chanting the continuous glory of the God in the Ashadi Dindi procession and Seva Dindi purifies an individual, there is an inner cleansing that takes place in Mind, Body and Spirit and the participants tend to lose their individual identities and experience bliss. It develops all aspects of human personality and helps us understand the true purpose of Life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dharmakshetra.org.in/news-archive/Dindi%20Yatra%202011.htm |title=Ashadi - Dindi Yatra/ Seva - Pathway to experience the omnipresence of the lord |publisher=Dharmakshetra.org.in |access-date=2015-07-29}}</ref>


==The Temple==
==The Temple==
[[File:Pandharpur.jpg|thumb|Chandrabaga river]]
[[File:Pandharpur.jpg|thumb|Chandrabaga river]]


The main entrance of Lord Vittala's Temple is facing towards the Chandrabhaga or Bhima river. [[Samadhi#Hinduism|Samadhi]] of Namadev and Chokamela is at the entrance. Pilgrims will first pray to the Devotees and then enter the temple. A small [[Ganesha|Ganesh]] Shrine is present inside the temple as first Shrine. Then, a small hall where bhajans are performed.
The main entrance of Lord Vittala's Temple is facing towards the Chandrabhaga or Bhima river. [[Samadhi#Hinduism|Samadhi]] of Namadev and Chokamela is at the entrance. Pilgrims will first pray to the Devotees and then enter the temple. A small [[Ganesha|Ganesh]] shrine is present inside the temple as first Shrine. Then, a small hall where bhajans are performed.


A small Shrine for [[Garuda]] and [[Hanuman]]. Then, after climbing a few steps, we can see the face of Lord Vittala. We can have this Mukha Darshan any time without standing in Queue.
A small shrine for [[Garuda]] and [[Hanuman]]. Then, after climbing a few steps, we can see the face of Lord Vittala. We can have this Mukha Darshan any time without standing in Queue.
For, Padha Darshan (To touch the Lotus Feet of Lord), there is an entrance which leads to the queue complex outside the temple. It will lead to many small shrines of Bhaktas, then towards the Lord Panduranga. We can touch the feet of Lord. We feel best when we touch the Lord's Lotus feet.
For, Padha Darshan (To touch the Lotus Feet of Lord), there is an entrance which leads to the queue complex outside the temple. It will lead to many small shrines of Bhaktas, then towards the Lord Panduranga. We can touch the feet of Lord.
There are Shrines for [[Rukmini]] Devi, [[Sathyabhama]] Devi, [[Radhika]] Devi, Lord [[Narasimha]], Lord [[Venkateshwara]], Goddess [[Mahalakshmi]], [[Nagaraja|Nagaraj]], Ganesha, [[Annapoorna devi|Annapoorna Devi]]. There is another mandap where all devotees play like Krishna had played with [[Gopikas]].
There are Shrines for [[Rukmini]] Devi, [[Satyabhama]] Devi, [[Radha|Radhika]] Devi ([[Rahi (goddess)|Rahi]]), Lord [[Narasimha]], Lord [[Venkateshwara]], Goddess [[Mahalakshmi]], [[Nagaraja|Nagaraj]], Ganesha, [[Annapoorna devi|Annapoorna Devi]]. There is another mandap where all devotees play like Krishna had played with [[Gopikas]].
It is a great experience.
It is a great experience.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Rukmini]]
*[[Rukmini]]
*[[Rahi (goddess)]]
*[[Avatar#Avatars of Vishnu|Avatars of Vishnu]]
*[[Avatar#Avatars of Vishnu|Avatars of Vishnu]]
*[[Chokhamela]]


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category|Vithoba temple, Pandharpur}}
{{Commons category|Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.amazingmaharashtra.com/2012/04/pandharpur.html Vithoba Temple's daily schedule]
* [http://www.amazingmaharashtra.com/2012/04/pandharpur.html Vithoba Temple's daily schedule]
* [https://www.thedivineindia.com/vithoba-mandir/6570 Vithoba Temple Pandharpur] - ''The Divine India''
* [https://www.thedivineindia.com/vithoba-mandir/6570 Vithoba Temple Pandharpur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905122316/https://www.thedivineindia.com/vithoba-mandir/6570 |date=5 September 2022 }} – ''The Divine India''


{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}
{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}
Line 86: Line 83:
[[Category:Warkari]]
[[Category:Warkari]]
[[Category:Haridasa]]
[[Category:Haridasa]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Solapur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Solapur district]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]

Latest revision as of 19:57, 14 February 2026


Vithoba Temple
Religion
AffiliationHinduism
DistrictSolapur
DeityVithoba Rakhumai
FestivalsAashadhi Ekadashi, Kartiki Ekadashi.
Location
LocationPandharpur
StateMaharashtra
CountryIndia
Vithoba Temple is located in Maharashtra
Vithoba Temple
Location in Maharashtra
Coordinates17°40′N 75°20′E / 17.67°N 75.33°E / 17.67; 75.33
Architecture
TypeBhumija architecture
Completed1108–1152 CE
Part of a series on
Vaishnavism
Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet.
Supreme deity
Vishnu / Krishna / Rama
Important deities
Dashavatara
Other Avatars
Consorts
Related
Holy scriptures
Puranas
Sampradayas
Teachers–acharyas
Related traditions
 Hinduism portal

The Vithoba Temple, officially known as Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is a Hindu temple in Pandharpur, in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[1] It is the main centre of worship for Vithoba, a form of the god Vishnu or Krishna, and his consort Rakhumai. It is one of the 108 Abhimana Kshethram of Vaishnavate tradition.[citation needed] The temple was built by King Vishnuvardhana (Bittideva) of Hoysala Empire between 1108 and 1152 CE upon being convinced by the historical figure Pundalik.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] Also, there is an inscription in the temple, of a Hoysala King Vira Someshwara dating back to 1237 CE, which grants the temple a village for its upkeep.[2] It is the most visited temple in Maharashtra. The Warkaris start marching from their homes to the temple of Pandharpur in groups called Dindi (procession) to reach on Aashadhi Ekadashi and Kartiki Ekadashi. A dip in the holy river Chandrabhaga, on whose banks Pandharpur resides, is believed to have power to wash all sins. All the devotees are allowed to touch the feet of the idol of Vithoba. In May 2014, the temple became the first in India to invite women and people from backward classes as priests.[3][4][5][6][7]

Although parts of the temple date to the 12th or 13th century, the existing structure mainly dates to the 17th century or later, and reflects the later Deccan style, with dome motifs and lobed arches.[8] Attempts were made to destroy the temple by Afzal Khan, however the original central figure of the shrine was protected by the Brahmin priests Badve while Afzalkhan destroyed a similar idol.

Legend of Pundalik[edit | edit source]

The central image of Vithoba

Pundalik is a devoted son to his parents Janudev and Satyavati, who lived in a forest called Dandirvan. But after his wedding, Pundalik begins ill-treating his parents. Tired with their son's misbehavior and ill treatment, the elderly couple decide to leave for Kashi. Legend holds that people who die in the city of Kashi attain salvation and emancipation from the cycle of birth and death. Many Hindus would relocate to Kashi before they died.

Upon hearing his parents' plans, Pundalik and his wife decide to join them on pilgrimage. The ill treatment continues. While the Pundalik and his wife ride on horseback, his parents walk. Pundalik even makes his old parents work to make his own journey comfortable. Every evening, when the party camps for the night, the son forces his parents to groom the horses and do other jobs.

On the way to Kashi, the group reached the ashram (hermitage) of a pious and venerable sage, Kukkutswami. Exhausted, the family decides to spend a few days there. That night, when all were asleep, Pundalik by chance is awake and sees a remarkable vision. Just before dawn, a group of beautiful young women, dressed in soiled clothes, enter the ashram; they clean the floor, fetch water and wash the venerable sage's clothes. After finishing their chores, they go to the prayer-room. When they reappear after prayer, their clothes are spotlessly clean. Then, they vanish as inexplicably as they had appeared.

Pundalik feels a deep sense of peace witnessing the scene. It remains on his mind the whole day and he resolves to remain awake the next night, and confirm it was not merely a dream. The next night, Pundalik approaches the beautiful women and asks who they are. They reveal themselves as the Ganga (Ganges), Yamuna and other holy rivers of India. Pilgrims wish to take a dip in their holy waters to wash away their sins, which in fact are soiling their clothes. Then, the women say: "But O Pundalik, you, with your ill-treatment of your parents, are the greatest sinner of them all!"[citation needed] Pundalik realizes his misdeeds, becomes entirely devoted to his parents and ensures their comfort, even risking his own.

Impressed by Pundalik's devotion to his parents, Krishna, plans to bless Pundalik immediately. So, he left (His abode) for Pundalik's ashram. Krishna knocks at Pundalik's door while he is busy serving his parents food. Pundalik realizes that God is at his door but decides to serve his parents first. So, Pundalik throws a brick outside for God to stand on and wait for him until he finishes attending to his parents. It is the first day of monsoon so it is wet and muddy outside. If Vishnu stands upon a brick his feet will remain clean and dry.

Seeing this act, Krishna was extremely impressed by Pundalik's love for his parents and granted a boon. Pundalik requests Krishna to stay on Earth and bless all his true devotees. Krishna agrees to stay and takes the form of Vithoba. Currently, the deity resides in the Vithoba temple and is worshipped alongside Rukmini, his chief consort.[9][1]

Sant Namdeva Maharaj Payari[edit | edit source]

Chief (eastern) entrance of the temple, which houses the "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari". The small blue temple in front of the gate is saint Chokhamela's memorial.
The exit for pilgrims; with the shikhara of Rakhumai's cella seen

An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari" (step of Sant Namdev Maharaj). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of "naivedya" (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does "naivedya" and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the "first step" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the "darshan" (view). So, this first step is called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari".

Sant Tukaram[edit | edit source]

It is also believed that Tukaram - a 17th-century devotee of Krishna in the form of Vithoba - spent his last days in the temple.[9]

The Temple[edit | edit source]

Chandrabaga river

The main entrance of Lord Vittala's Temple is facing towards the Chandrabhaga or Bhima river. Samadhi of Namadev and Chokamela is at the entrance. Pilgrims will first pray to the Devotees and then enter the temple. A small Ganesh shrine is present inside the temple as first Shrine. Then, a small hall where bhajans are performed.

A small shrine for Garuda and Hanuman. Then, after climbing a few steps, we can see the face of Lord Vittala. We can have this Mukha Darshan any time without standing in Queue. For, Padha Darshan (To touch the Lotus Feet of Lord), there is an entrance which leads to the queue complex outside the temple. It will lead to many small shrines of Bhaktas, then towards the Lord Panduranga. We can touch the feet of Lord. There are Shrines for Rukmini Devi, Satyabhama Devi, Radhika Devi (Rahi), Lord Narasimha, Lord Venkateshwara, Goddess Mahalakshmi, Nagaraj, Ganesha, Annapoorna Devi. There is another mandap where all devotees play like Krishna had played with Gopikas. It is a great experience.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen. p. 765. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4.
  2. ↑ "The Great Pandharpur Pilgrimage". Live History India. 3 July 2017.
  3. ↑ Vishwas Waghmode (29 May 2014). "Caste no bar: Women, non-Brahmins will be priests in Pandharpur temple". Firstpost. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  4. ↑ Amruta Byatnal (23 May 2014). "Pandharpur temple allows women, men of all castes as priests". The Hindu. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  5. ↑ Daily News & Analysis (15 May 2014). "Athawale slams Sanatan for opposing Dalit priest in temple". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "First time in 900 yrs, Vitthal Rukmini temple may get non-Brahmin priests". The Indian Express. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  7. ↑ "Lord Vithoba temple makes history by having women and lower-caste priests". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  8. ↑ Michell, George, The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu, p. 386, 1989, Penguin Books, ISBN 0140081445
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bhoothalingam, Mathuram (2016). S., Manjula (ed.). Temples of India Myths and Legends. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 11–14. ISBN 978-81-230-1661-0.

External links[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vithoba_Temple&oldid=464698"
Discover more