1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|State assembly election in India}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1991 Indian general election in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
The '''1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election''' was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Niyamasabha]]. The incumbent [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the [[Lok Sabha]] and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.
{{Infobox election
 
The elections saw the LDF losing power and the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] returning to power after four years. [[K. Karunakaran]], the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/brief91.html|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.keralaassembly.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Isaac|first1=T. M. Thomas|last2=Kumar|first2=S. Mohana|date=1991|title=Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=26|issue=47|pages=2691–2704|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4398338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|title=History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India|website=kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralacm.gov.in/electoral-history-chief-minister-kerala/|title=Electoral History|website=Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister|language=en-US|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/government-politics/oommen-chandy.html|title=Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards|date=3 February 2018|website=Who-is-who|language=en|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtKe6XV8z7wC&pg=PA392|title=The Politics of India Since Independence|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=8 September 1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521459709|language=en}}</ref>{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election
| election_name = 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election
| country = India
| country = India
Line 15: Line 15:
| seats_for_election = All 140 seats in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| seats_for_election = All 140 seats in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 71
| majority_seats = 71
| image1 = [[File:Karunakaran_Kannoth.jpg|120x120px]]
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K._Karunakaran_(image).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=13|oTop=11}}
| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| alliance1 = United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| seats1 = 90
| seats1 = 55
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 29
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 22
| last_election1 = 33
| popular_vote1 =  
| popular_vote1 =  
| percentage1 = 44.84%
| percentage1 =  
| swing1 =  
| swing1 =  
| image2 = [[File:Ek_nayanar.jpeg|120x120px]]
| leader2 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| leader2 = [[E.K. Nayanar]]
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance2 = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| alliance2 = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Thrikaripur]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Thrikaripur]]
| seats2 = 48
| seats2 = 28
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 42
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 10
| last_election2 = 38
| popular_vote2 =  
| popular_vote2 =  
| percentage2 = 45.88%
| percentage2 =  
| swing2 =  
| swing2 =  
| map_image = India-KERALA.svg
| map_image = India-KERALA.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_size = 150px
| map_caption = '''Kerala, India'''<br />Kerala, one of the states in [[South India]], has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
| map_caption = '''Kerala, India'''<br />Kerala, one of the states in [[South India]], has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
| map2_image = [[File:Kerala Alliance wise Result in 1991.svg]]
| map2_caption = Alliance wise structure
| map2_size = 200px
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[E.K. Nayanar]]
| before_election = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| before_party = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| before_party = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| after_election = [[K. Karunakaran]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403020518/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2013|title=Ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly|date=3 April 2013|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
| after_election = [[K. Karunakaran]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403020518/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2013|title=Ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly|date=3 April 2013|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
Line 46: Line 51:
| turnout = 73.42%
| turnout = 73.42%
}}
}}
The '''1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election''' was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Niyamasabha]]. The incumbent [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the [[Lok Sabha]] and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.
The elections saw the LDF losing power and the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] returning to power after four years. [[K. Karunakaran]], the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/brief91.html|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.keralaassembly.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Isaac|first1=T. M. Thomas|last2=Kumar|first2=S. Mohana|date=1991|title=Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=26|issue=47|pages=2691–2704|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4398338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|title=History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India|website=kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralacm.gov.in/electoral-history-chief-minister-kerala/|title=Electoral History|website=Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister|language=en-US|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821125852/http://www.keralacm.gov.in/electoral-history-chief-minister-kerala/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/government-politics/oommen-chandy.html|title=Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards|date=3 February 2018|website=Who-is-who|language=en|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtKe6XV8z7wC&pg=PA392|title=The Politics of India Since Independence|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=8 September 1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521459709|language=en}}</ref>
This was the final election in which the two major fronts were led by K. Karunakaran and E.K. Nayanar respectively.


== Results ==
== Results ==
Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html|title=CEO Kerala :: Election History|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/sum91.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary|website=www.keralaassembly.org|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mgutheses.in/page/titles_view.php?q=T%201086&word=S|title=Online Thesis Search Results|website=www.mgutheses.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
 
Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html|title=CEO Kerala :: Election History|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/sum91.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary|website=www.keralaassembly.org|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mgutheses.in/page/titles_view.php?q=T%201086&word=S|title=Online Thesis Search Results|website=www.mgutheses.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Party Wise Results<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|url-status=live|website=ceo.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>'''
|+'''Party Wise Results<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala|url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|url-status=live|website=ceo.kerala.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216144409/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in:80/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2012 }}</ref>'''
!colspan=10|[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1991.svg]]
|-
!Party
!Party
!Seats
!Seats
|----
|----
|[[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]
|12
|55
|----
|----
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM)]]
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM)]]
|28
|28
|----
|----
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS)]]
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League (MUL)]]
|2
|19
|----
|----
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]
|[[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]
|55
|12
|----
|[[Janata Dal|Janta Dal (JD)]]
|3
|----
|----
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|Kerala Congress (M) (KCM)]]
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|Kerala Congress (M) (KCM)]]
|10
|10
|----
|----
|[[Kerala Congress|Kerala Congress (KEC)]]
|[[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]]
|1
|3
|----
|----
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League (MUL)]]
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS)]]
|19
|2
|----
|----
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)]]
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)]]
|2
|2
|----
|----
|Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M)
|[[National Democratic Party (Kerala)|National Democratic Party (NDP)]]
|2
|----
|[[Kerala Congress|Kerala Congress (KEC)]]
|1
|----
|Communist Marxist Party (CMP)
|1
|1
|----
|----
|[[Communist Marxist Party|Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K)]]
|[[Communist Marxist Party|Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K)]]
|1
|1
|----
|[[National Democratic Party (Kerala)|National Democratic Party (NDP)]]
|2
|----
|----
|Independent (IND)
|Independent (IND)
|4
|4
|----
|-
|Total
!Total
|140
!140
|----
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Detailed constituency-wise Results<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|year=1992|pages=4–7}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://data-analytics.github.io/Election_Data/kerala.html|title=ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala)|last=Sushanth|website=data-analytics.github.io|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|+'''Detailed constituency-wise Results<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|year=1992|pages=4–7}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data-analytics.github.io/Election_Data/kerala.html|title=ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala)|last=Sushanth|website=data-analytics.github.io|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
!'''Sl No.'''
!'''Sl No.'''
!Constituency Name
!Constituency Name
Line 111: Line 125:
!Party
!Party
!vote
!vote
!Margin
!Winner
|----
|----
|1
|1
Line 123: Line 139:
|BJP
|BJP
|28531
|28531
|1072
|IUML
|----
|----
|2
|2
Line 135: Line 153:
|BJP
|BJP
|24269
|24269
|14874
|IUML
|----
|----
|3
|3
|Udma
|Udma
|GEN
|GEN
|P. Raghavan<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPxpuw-tTBIC&q=1991+Kerala+Legislative+Assembly+election&pg=PA237|title=Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982|last=Kurup|first=G. Radhakrishna|date=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788178352848|language=en}}</ref>
|[[P. Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPxpuw-tTBIC&q=1991+Kerala+Legislative+Assembly+election&pg=PA237|title=Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982|last=Kurup|first=G. Radhakrishna|date=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788178352848|language=en}}</ref>
|M
|M
|CPI(M)
|CPI(M)
Line 147: Line 167:
|INC
|INC
|46212
|46212
|957
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|4
|4
Line 159: Line 181:
|INC
|INC
|53858
|53858
|6678
|CPI
|----
|----
|5
|5
Line 171: Line 195:
|INC
|INC
|55105
|55105
|14332
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|6
|6
Line 183: Line 209:
|KEC
|KEC
|45647
|45647
|16748
|INC
|----
|----
|7
|7
Line 195: Line 223:
|INC
|INC
|48365
|48365
|18165
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|8
|8
Line 207: Line 237:
|INC
|INC
|55273
|55273
|10700
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|9
|9
Line 219: Line 251:
|CPM(K)
|CPM(K)
|43757
|43757
|7709
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|10
|10
Line 231: Line 265:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|36937
|36937
|14805
|INC
|----
|----
|11
|11
Line 243: Line 279:
|INC
|INC
|54746
|54746
|219
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|12
|12
Line 255: Line 293:
|INC
|INC
|41550
|41550
|7386
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|13
|13
Line 267: Line 307:
|JD
|JD
|47534
|47534
|1649
|IUML
|----
|----
|14
|14
Line 279: Line 321:
|INC
|INC
|45782
|45782
|13060
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|15
|15
Line 291: Line 335:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|51834
|51834
|8378
|INC
|----
|----
|16
|16
Line 303: Line 349:
|CPM
|CPM
|43150
|43150
|7475
|INC
|----
|----
|17
|17
Line 315: Line 363:
|INC
|INC
|47336
|47336
|12484
|JD
|----
|----
|18
|18
Line 327: Line 377:
|MUL
|MUL
|52427
|52427
|7626
|CPI
|----
|----
|19
|19
Line 339: Line 391:
|INC
|INC
|49038
|49038
|9324
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|20
|20
Line 351: Line 405:
|CPI
|CPI
|54139
|54139
|2503
|INC
|----
|----
|21
|21
Line 363: Line 419:
|KEC
|KEC
|54562
|54562
|4416
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|22
|22
Line 375: Line 433:
|INC
|INC
|42758
|42758
|9712
|ICS
|----
|----
|23
|23
Line 387: Line 447:
|JD
|JD
|51395
|51395
|398
|IUML
|----
|----
|24
|24
|Calicut- I
|Calicut- I
|GEN
|GEN
|A. Sujana Pal
|[[A. Sujanapal]]
|M
|M
|INC
|INC
Line 399: Line 461:
|CPM
|CPM
|49319
|49319
|3760
|INC
|----
|----
|25
|25
Line 411: Line 475:
|CPM
|CPM
|48896
|48896
|3883
|IUML
|----
|----
|26
|26
Line 423: Line 489:
|IND
|IND
|60413
|60413
|6270
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|27
|27
Line 435: Line 503:
|INC
|INC
|46788
|46788
|1158
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|28
|28
Line 443: Line 513:
|MUL
|MUL
|50767
|50767
|Cyriac John
|[[P. Cyriac John]]
|M
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|44665
|44665
|6102
|IUML
|----
|----
|29
|29
Line 459: Line 531:
|JD
|JD
|42696
|42696
|3792
|INC
|----
|----
|30
|30
Line 471: Line 545:
|CPM
|CPM
|50544
|50544
|2506
|INC
|----
|----
|31
|31
Line 483: Line 559:
|CPM
|CPM
|45509
|45509
|7595
|INC
|----
|----
|32
|32
Line 495: Line 573:
|IND
|IND
|52874
|52874
|7684
|INC
|----
|----
|33
|33
Line 507: Line 587:
|JD
|JD
|35286
|35286
|22431
|IUML
|----
|----
|34
|34
Line 519: Line 601:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|22604
|22604
|27109
|IUML
|----
|----
|35
|35
Line 531: Line 615:
|JD
|JD
|33178
|33178
|20864
|IUML
|----
|----
|36
|36
Line 543: Line 629:
|CPI
|CPI
|28021
|28021
|19202
|IUML
|----
|----
|37
|37
Line 555: Line 643:
|CPM
|CPM
|21577
|21577
|25847
|IUML
|----
|----
|38
|38
Line 567: Line 657:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|39984
|39984
|12505
|IUML
|----
|----
|39
|39
Line 579: Line 671:
|INC
|INC
|44180
|44180
|5084
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|40
|40
Line 591: Line 685:
|CPM
|CPM
|22539
|22539
|22326
|IUML
|----
|----
|41
|41
Line 603: Line 699:
|CPM
|CPM
|42645
|42645
|5960
|IUML
|----
|----
|42
|42
Line 615: Line 713:
|IND
|IND
|42827
|42827
|6939
|IUML
|----
|----
|43
|43
Line 627: Line 727:
|MUL
|MUL
|40602
|40602
|5585
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|44
|44
Line 639: Line 741:
|INC
|INC
|39681
|39681
|3670
|CPI
|----
|----
|45
|45
Line 651: Line 755:
|INC
|INC
|38501
|38501
|4270
|ICS
|----
|----
|46
|46
Line 663: Line 769:
|CPM
|CPM
|50166
|50166
|1698
|INC
|----
|----
|47
|47
Line 675: Line 783:
|CPI
|CPI
|49414
|49414
|4470
|IUML
|----
|----
|48
|48
Line 687: Line 797:
|CPM(K)
|CPM(K)
|32370
|32370
|17991
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|49
|49
Line 699: Line 811:
|CPM
|CPM
|37925
|37925
|3507
|INC
|----
|----
|50
|50
Line 711: Line 825:
|INC
|INC
|44170
|44170
|3111
|JD
|----
|----
|51
|51
Line 723: Line 839:
|INC
|INC
|45853
|45853
|1205
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|52
|52
Line 735: Line 853:
|INC
|INC
|42597
|42597
|7718
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|53
|53
Line 747: Line 867:
|CPM
|CPM
|49174
|49174
|338
|INC
|----
|----
|54
|54
Line 759: Line 881:
|CPM
|CPM
|43429
|43429
|4361
|INC
|----
|----
|55
|55
Line 771: Line 895:
|KEC
|KEC
|43773
|43773
|7641
|INC
|----
|----
|56
|56
Line 783: Line 909:
|CPM
|CPM
|50344
|50344
|2755
|INC
|----
|----
|57
|57
Line 795: Line 923:
|INC
|INC
|46309
|46309
|4458
|CPI
|----
|----
|58
|58
Line 807: Line 937:
|CPM
|CPM
|45899
|45899
|7291
|INC
|----
|----
|59
|59
Line 819: Line 951:
|CPI
|CPI
|52669
|52669
|5241
|INC
|----
|----
|60
|60
|Kodakara
|Kodakara
|GEN
|GEN
|K.P. Viswanathan
|[[K. P. Viswanathan]]
|M
|M
|INC
|INC
Line 831: Line 965:
|CPM
|CPM
|48360
|48360
|1611
|INC
|----
|----
|61
|61
Line 843: Line 979:
|JD
|JD
|42742
|42742
|6740
|INC
|----
|----
|62
|62
Line 855: Line 993:
|CPI
|CPI
|48492
|48492
|2474
|INC
|----
|----
|63
|63
Line 867: Line 1,007:
|KCM
|KCM
|43927
|43927
|9424
|IND
|----
|----
|64
|64
Line 879: Line 1,021:
|CPM
|CPM
|40414
|40414
|5516
|INC
|----
|----
|65
|65
Line 891: Line 1,035:
|IND
|IND
|34820
|34820
|5676
|IUML
|----
|----
|66
|66
Line 903: Line 1,049:
|INC
|INC
|43596
|43596
|1166
|CPI
|----
|----
|67
|67
Line 915: Line 1,063:
|MUL
|MUL
|42353
|42353
|11189
|CPI
|----
|----
|68
|68
Line 927: Line 1,077:
|KEC
|KEC
|52843
|52843
|7598
|INC
|----
|----
|69
|69
Line 939: Line 1,091:
|INC
|INC
|52100
|52100
|797
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|70
|70
Line 951: Line 1,105:
|IND
|IND
|40719
|40719
|2832
|CPI
|----
|----
|71
|71
Line 963: Line 1,119:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|45555
|45555
|3547
|INC
|----
|----
|Bye Polls
|Bye Polls
Line 975: Line 1,133:
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
|INC
|----
|----
|72
|72
Line 987: Line 1,147:
|IND
|IND
|43441
|43441
|10822
|INC
|----
|----
|73
|73
Line 999: Line 1,161:
|IND
|IND
|24796
|24796
|8940
|IUML
|----
|----
|74
|74
Line 1,011: Line 1,175:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|52527
|52527
|7474
|INC
|----
|----
|75
|75
Line 1,023: Line 1,189:
|CPM
|CPM
|58941
|58941
|4946
|INC
|----
|----
|76
|76
Line 1,035: Line 1,203:
|CPM
|CPM
|56266
|56266
|8571
|INC
|----
|----
|77
|77
Line 1,047: Line 1,217:
|JD
|JD
|49183
|49183
|3311
|INC
|----
|----
|78
|78
Line 1,059: Line 1,231:
|IND
|IND
|48626
|48626
|7468
|INC
|----
|----
|79
|79
Line 1,071: Line 1,245:
|CPM
|CPM
|50804
|50804
|2947
|KCM
|----
|----
|80
|80
Line 1,083: Line 1,259:
|IND
|IND
|48004
|48004
|3779
|KCM
|----
|----
|81
|81
Line 1,095: Line 1,273:
|IND
|IND
|44490
|44490
|7372
|INC
|----
|----
|82
|82
Line 1,107: Line 1,287:
|KEC
|KEC
|54574
|54574
|1092
|INC
|----
|----
|83
|83
Line 1,119: Line 1,301:
|CPM
|CPM
|44859
|44859
|6942
|INC
|----
|----
|84
|84
Line 1,131: Line 1,315:
|KEC
|KEC
|48881
|48881
|3678
|KCM
|----
|----
|85
|85
Line 1,143: Line 1,329:
|CPM
|CPM
|56469
|56469
|3354
|INC
|----
|----
|86
|86
Line 1,155: Line 1,343:
|CPI
|CPI
|41827
|41827
|5041
|INC
|----
|----
|87
|87
Line 1,167: Line 1,357:
|CPM
|CPM
|44815
|44815
|1158
|INC
|----
|----
|88
|88
Line 1,179: Line 1,371:
|CPI
|CPI
|40804
|40804
|2550
|KCM
|----
|----
|89
|89
Line 1,191: Line 1,385:
|CPM
|CPM
|41965
|41965
|11777
|KCM
|----
|----
|90
|90
Line 1,203: Line 1,399:
|INC
|INC
|51500
|51500
|2682
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|91
|91
Line 1,215: Line 1,413:
|CPM
|CPM
|48347
|48347
|886
|KCM
|----
|----
|92
|92
Line 1,227: Line 1,427:
|CPM
|CPM
|42339
|42339
|13811
|INC
|----
|----
|93
|93
Line 1,239: Line 1,441:
|JD
|JD
|33518
|33518
|10418
|KCM
|----
|----
|94
|94
Line 1,251: Line 1,455:
|IND
|IND
|35021
|35021
|17289
|KCM
|----
|----
|95
|95
Line 1,263: Line 1,469:
|KEC
|KEC
|36592
|36592
|13732
|KCM
|----
|----
|96
|96
Line 1,275: Line 1,483:
|CPI
|CPI
|49654
|49654
|1038
|INC
|----
|----
|97
|97
Line 1,287: Line 1,497:
|INC
|INC
|52613
|52613
|3617
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|98
|98
Line 1,299: Line 1,511:
|INC
|INC
|49853
|49853
|991
|CPI
|----
|----
|99
|99
Line 1,311: Line 1,525:
|INC
|INC
|61490
|61490
|9980
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|100
|100
Line 1,323: Line 1,539:
|CPI
|CPI
|41519
|41519
|750
|NDP
|----
|----
|101
|101
Line 1,335: Line 1,553:
|INC
|INC
|46617
|46617
|1533
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|102
|102
Line 1,347: Line 1,567:
|KCM
|KCM
|36673
|36673
|8996
|KEC
|----
|----
|103
|103
Line 1,359: Line 1,581:
|RSP
|RSP
|52376
|52376
|515
|INC
|----
|----
|104
|104
Line 1,371: Line 1,595:
|CPM
|CPM
|46649
|46649
|33
|INC
|----
|----
|105
|105
Line 1,383: Line 1,609:
|JD
|JD
|33950
|33950
|1893
|KCM
|----
|----
|106
|106
Line 1,395: Line 1,623:
|KEC
|KEC
|30288
|30288
|5236
|IND
|----
|----
|107
|107
Line 1,407: Line 1,637:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|32128
|32128
|5406
|NDP
|----
|----
|108
|108
Line 1,419: Line 1,651:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|36761
|36761
|3447
|INC
|----
|----
|109
|109
Line 1,431: Line 1,665:
|CPM
|CPM
|44322
|44322
|5970
|INC
|----
|----
|110
|110
Line 1,443: Line 1,679:
|INC
|INC
|51210
|51210
|1558
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|111
|111
Line 1,455: Line 1,693:
|CPM
|CPM
|38809
|38809
|2239
|INC
|----
|----
|112
|112
Line 1,467: Line 1,707:
|KEC
|KEC
|29899
|29899
|17468
|IND
|----
|----
|113
|113
Line 1,479: Line 1,721:
|IND
|IND
|41615
|41615
|916
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|114
|114
Line 1,491: Line 1,735:
|KCM
|KCM
|44267
|44267
|6028
|CPI
|----
|----
|115
|115
Line 1,503: Line 1,749:
|CPI
|CPI
|51738
|51738
|1312
|INC
|----
|----
|116
|116
Line 1,515: Line 1,763:
|INC
|INC
|40986
|40986
|5039
|CPI
|----
|----
|117
|117
Line 1,527: Line 1,777:
|CPM
|CPM
|41707
|41707
|5421
|IND
|----
|----
|118
|118
Line 1,539: Line 1,791:
|INC
|INC
|42112
|42112
|7184
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|119
|119
Line 1,551: Line 1,805:
|CPM
|CPM
|38380
|38380
|5767
|INC
|----
|----
|120
|120
Line 1,563: Line 1,819:
|INC
|INC
|53462
|53462
|2602
|RSP
|----
|----
|121
|121
Line 1,575: Line 1,833:
|INC
|INC
|47326
|47326
|6250
|CPI
|----
|----
|122
|122
Line 1,587: Line 1,847:
|INC
|INC
|46925
|46925
|4324
|RSP
|----
|----
|123
|123
Line 1,599: Line 1,861:
|CPM
|CPM
|45075
|45075
|1372
|INC
|----
|----
|124
|124
Line 1,611: Line 1,875:
|RSP
|RSP
|43831
|43831
|4476
|INC
|----
|----
|125
|125
Line 1,623: Line 1,889:
|IND
|IND
|55350
|55350
|422
|IUML
|----
|----
|126
|126
Line 1,635: Line 1,903:
|CPI
|CPI
|49244
|49244
|4511
|INC
|----
|----
|127
|127
Line 1,647: Line 1,917:
|INC
|INC
|39680
|39680
|3297
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|128
|128
Line 1,659: Line 1,931:
|CPM
|CPM
|41527
|41527
|437
|INC
|----
|----
|129
|129
Line 1,671: Line 1,945:
|INC
|INC
|47882
|47882
|4055
|CPI
|----
|----
|130
|130
Line 1,683: Line 1,959:
|INC
|INC
|50882
|50882
|1366
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|131
|131
Line 1,695: Line 1,973:
|RSP
|RSP
|40822
|40822
|3480
|INC
|----
|----
|132
|132
Line 1,707: Line 1,987:
|CPI
|CPI
|53739
|53739
|939
|INC
|----
|----
|133
|133
Line 1,719: Line 2,001:
|CPM
|CPM
|50554
|50554
|689
|CPM(K)
|----
|----
|134
|134
Line 1,731: Line 2,015:
|NDP
|NDP
|52525
|52525
|340
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|135
|135
Line 1,743: Line 2,029:
|KEC
|KEC
|35121
|35121
|8499
|INC
|----
|----
|136
|136
Line 1,755: Line 2,043:
|ICS(SCS)
|ICS(SCS)
|33302
|33302
|8018
|INC
|----
|----
|137
|137
Line 1,767: Line 2,057:
|CPM(K)
|CPM(K)
|40201
|40201
|6862
|CPI(M)
|----
|----
|138
|138
Line 1,779: Line 2,071:
|INC
|INC
|49494
|49494
|21
|JD
|----
|----
|139
|139
Line 1,791: Line 2,085:
|JD
|JD
|47042
|47042
|1974
|INC
|----
|----
|140
|140
Line 1,803: Line 2,099:
|CPM
|CPM
|40788
|40788
|7635
|INC
|----
|----
|}
|}
Line 1,813: Line 2,111:


{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
{{#seo:
|keywords=State Assembly elections in Kerala, 1990s in Kerala
|description=
}}


[[Category:1991 State Assembly elections in India|Kerala]]
[[Category:1991 State Assembly elections in India|Kerala]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:1990s in Kerala]]
[[Category:1990s in Kerala]]
{{India-election-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:28, 12 February 2026


For Lok Sabha election, see 1991 Indian general election in Kerala.

1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election
← 1987 June 18, 1991 (1991-06-18) 1996 →
All 140 seats in the Kerala Legislative Assembly
71 seats needed for a majority
Turnout73.42%
  First party Second party
 
K._Karunakaran_(image).jpg
E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg
Leader K. Karunakaran E. K. Nayanar
Party INC CPI (M)
Alliance United Democratic Front (Kerala) Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
Leader's seat Mala Thrikaripur
Last election 33 38
Seats won 55 28
Seat change Increase 22 Decrease 10
Kerala, India
Kerala, one of the states in South India, has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
Alliance wise structure
Chief Minister before election

E. K. Nayanar
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)

Chief Minister

K. Karunakaran[1]
United Democratic Front (Kerala)

The 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the Niyamasabha. The incumbent LDF government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the Lok Sabha and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.

The elections saw the LDF losing power and the UDF returning to power after four years. K. Karunakaran, the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

This was the final election in which the two major fronts were led by K. Karunakaran and E.K. Nayanar respectively.

Results[edit | edit source]

Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.[8][9][10][11]

Party Wise Results[12]
Party Seats
Indian National Congress (INC) 55
Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM) 28
Muslim League (MUL) 19
Communist Party of India (CPI) 12
Kerala Congress (M) (KCM) 10
Janata Dal (JD) 3
Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS) 2
Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) 2
National Democratic Party (NDP) 2
Kerala Congress (KEC) 1
Communist Marxist Party (CMP) 1
Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K) 1
Independent (IND) 4
Total 140
Detailed constituency-wise Results[13][14][15]
Sl No. Constituency Name Category Winner Candidates Name Gender Party Vote Runner-up Candidates Name Gender Party vote Margin Winner
1 Manjeshwar GEN Cherkalam Abdullah M MUL 29603 K.G. Marar M BJP 28531 1072 IUML
2 Kasaragod[16] GEN C.T. Ahamdali M MUL 39143 Sri Krishna Bhat M BJP 24269 14874 IUML
3 Udma GEN P. Raghavan[17] M CPI(M) 47169 K.Po. Kunhikannan M INC 46212 957 CPI(M)
4 Hosdrug[18] (SC) M. Narayanan M CPI 60536 Kottara Vasudev M INC 53858 6678 CPI
5 Trikaripur GEN E.K. Nayanar M CPM 69437 Sreedharan C.K. M INC 55105 14332 CPI(M)
6 Irikkur GEN K.C. Joseph M INC 62395 Goorge Sebastian M KEC 45647 16748 INC
7 Payyannur GEN C.P. Narayanan M CPM 66530 M.P. Murali M INC 48365 18165 CPI(M)
8 Taliparamba GEN Pacheni Kunhiaraman M CPM 65973 M.K. Raghavan M INC 55273 10700 CPI(M)
9 Azhikode GEN E.P. Jayarajan M CPM 51466 C.P. Moosankutty M CPM(K) 43757 7709 CPI(M)
10 Cannanore GEN N. Ramakrishnan M INC 51742 A.K. Saseendran M ICS(SCS) 36937 14805 INC
11 Edakkad GEN O. Bharathan M CPM 54965 K. Ssudhakaran M INC 54746 219 CPI(M)
12 Tellicherry GEN K.P. Mamoo Master M CPM 48936 A.D. Mustaffa M INC 41550 7386 CPI(M)
13 Peringalam GEN K.M. Sooppy M MUL 49183 P.R. Karup M JD 47534 1649 IUML
14 Kuthuparamba GEN Pinaray Vijayan M CPM 58842 P. Ramakrishnan M INC 45782 13060 CPI(M)
15 Peravoor GEN K.P. Noorudheen M INC 60212 Ramachandran Kadannapally M ICS(SCS) 51834 8378 INC
16 North Wynad (ST) K. Raghavan Master M INC 50685 K.C. Kuniharaman M CPM 43150 7475 INC
17 Badagara GEN K. Chandrasekharan M JD 59820 K.C. Abu M INC 47336 12484 JD
18 Nadapuram GEN Satyyan Mokeri M CPI 60053 P. Shaduli M MUL 52427 7626 CPI
19 Meppayur GEN A. Kanaran M CPM 58362 Kadameri Balakrishnan M INC 49038 9324 CPI(M)
20 Quilandy GEN M.T. Padma F INC[19] 56642 C. Kunhamed M CPI 54139 2503 INC
21 Perambra GEN N.K. Radha F CPM 58978 K.A. Devassia M KEC 54562 4416 CPI(M)
22 Balusseri GEN A.C. Shanmukhadas M ICS(SCS) 52470 P. Shankaran M INC 42758 9712 ICS
23 Koduvally GEN P.V. Mohammed M MUL 51793 C. Mohasin M JD 51395 398 IUML
24 Calicut- I GEN A. Sujanapal M INC 53079 M. Dasan M CPM 49319 3760 INC
25 Calicut- II GEN M.K. Muneer M MUL 52779 C.P. Kunhu M CPM 48896 3883 IUML
26 Beypore GEN T.K. Hamza M CPM[20] 66683 K. Madhavan Kutty M IND 60413 6270 CPI(M)
27 Kunnamangalam (SC) C.P. Balan Vudiar M CPM 47946 A. Balaram M INC 46788 1158 CPI(M)
28 Thiruvambady GEN A.V. Abdurahimanhat M MUL 50767 P. Cyriac John M ICS(SCS) 44665 6102 IUML
29 Kalpetta GEN K.K. Ramachandran Master M INC 46488 K.K. Hemza M JD 42696 3792 INC
30 Sultan'S Battery GEN K.C. Rosakutty F INC 53050 Varghese Vaidyar M CPM 50544 2506 INC
31 Wandoor (SC) Pandalam Sudhakaran M INC 53104 Kunnath Velayudhan M CPM 45509 7595 INC
32 Nilambur GEN Aryadan Muhammed M INC 60558 K. Abdurahiman Master M IND 52874 7684 INC
33 Manjeri GEN Ishaque Kurikkal M MUL 57717 K.P. Mohammed M JD 35286 22431 IUML
34 Malappuram GEN Yoonus Kunju M MUL 49713 Sebastian J. Kaloor M ICS(SCS) 22604 27109 IUML
35 Kondotty GEN K. Abu M MUL[21] 54042 Madathil Mohammedaji M JD 33178 20864 IUML
36 Tirurangadi GEN V.A. Beeran Sahib M MUL 47223 M. Rahmathulla M CPI 28021 19202 IUML
37 Tanur GEN P. Seethi Haji M MUL 47424 M. Mohamed Master M CPM 21577 25847 IUML
38 Tirur GEN E.T. Mohamed Basheer MUL 52489 Kuruiyan Syed M ICS(SCS) 39984 12505 IUML
39 Ponnani GEN E.K. Imbichibava M CPM 49264 P.T. Mohankrishnan M INC 44180 5084 CPI(M)
40 Kuttippuram GEN P.K. Kunhalikutty M MUL 44865 V.P. Sakkariya M CPM 22539 22326 IUML
41 Mankada GEN K.P.A. Majeed M MUL 48605 K. Ummer Master M CPM 42645 5960 IUML
42 Perinthalmanna GEN Sooppy Nalakath M MUL 49766 M.M. Mustafa M IND 42827 6939 IUML
43 Thrithala[22] (SC) E. Sankaran M CPM 46187 K.P. Raman Master M MUL 40602 5585 CPI(M)
44 Pattambi GEN K.E. Esmail M CPI 43351 Leela Damodara Memon F INC 39681 3670 CPI
45 Ottapalam GEN V.C. Kabeer Master M ICS(SCS) 42771 K. Sankaranarayanan M INC 38501 4270 ICS
46 Sreekrishnapuram GEN P. Balan M INC 51864 E.M. Sreedharan M CPM 50166 1698 INC
47 Mannarkkad GEN Kalladi Mohammed M MUL 53884 P. Kumaran M CPI 49414 4470 IUML
48 Malampuzha GEN T. Sivadasa Menon M CPM 50361 V. Krishnadas M CPM(K) 32370 17991 CPI(M)
49 Palghat GEN C.M. Sundaram M INC 41432 M.S. Gopalakirshnan M CPM 37925 3507 INC
50 Chittur GEN K. Krishnankutty M JD 47281 K.A. Chandran M INC 44170 3111 JD
51 Kollengode GEN T. Chathu M CPM 47058 A, Ramaswamy M INC 45853 1205 CPI(M)
52 Coyalmannam (SC) M. Naryannan M CPM 50315 M. Ayyappan Master M INC 42597 7718 CPI(M)
53 Alathur GEN A.V. Gopinathan M INC 49512 V. Sukumaran Master M CPM 49174 338 INC
54 Chelakara (SC) M.P. Thami M INC 47790 C. Kuttappan M CPM 43429 4361 INC
55 Wadakkanchery GEN K.S. Narayanan Namboodiri M INC 51414 K. Mohandas M KEC 43773 7641 INC
56 Kunnamkulam GEN T.V. Chandramohan M INC 53099 K.P. Aravindhakshan M CPM 50344 2755 INC
57 Cherpu GEN V.V. Raghavan M CPI 50767 M.K. Abdul Salam M INC 46309 4458 CPI
58 Trichur GEN Therambil Ramakrishnan M INC 53190 E.K. Menon M CPM 45899 7291 INC
59 Ollur GEN P.P. George M INC 57910 A.M. Paraman M CPI 52669 5241 INC
60 Kodakara GEN K. P. Viswanathan M INC 49971 P.R. Rajan M CPM 48360 1611 INC
61 Chalakudi GEN Rosamma Chacko F INC 49482 Jose Painadath M JD 42742 6740 INC
62 Mala GEN K. Karunakaran M INC 50966 V.K. Rajan M CPI 48492 2474 INC
63 Irinjalakuda GEN Lonappan Nambadan M IND 53351 A.L. Sebastian M KCM 43927 9424 IND
64 Manalur GEN V.M. Sudheeran M INC 45930 K.F. Davis M CPM 40414 5516 INC
65 Guruvayoor GEN P.M. Abubacker M MUL 40496 K.K. Kammu M IND 34820 5676 IUML
66 Nattika GEN Krishnan Kaniyamparabil M CPI 44762 Raghvan Pozhakadavil M INC 43596 1166 CPI
67 Kodungallur GEN Meenakshy Thampan F CPI 53542 T.A. Ahammed Kabeer M MUL 42353 11189 CPI
68 Ankamali GEN P.J. Joy M INC 60441 M.V. Mani M KEC 52843 7598 INC
69 Vadakkekara GEN S. Sarma M CPM 52897 M.I. Shanavas M INC 52100 797 CPI(M)
70 Parur GEN P.Raju M CPI 43551 Karthav M IND 40719 2832 CPI
71 Narakkal (SC) K. Kunjambu M INC 49102 V.K. Babu M ICS(SCS) 45555 3547 INC
Bye Polls Narakkal (SC) V.K.Babu M INC Unconsted INC
72 Ernakulam GEN George Eden M INC 54263 Everest Chammany M IND 43441 10822 INC
73 Mattancherry GEN M.J. Zakaria M MUL[23] 33736 Jerson Kalappurakkal M IND 24796 8940 IUML
74 Palluruthy GEN Dominic Presentation M INC 60001 T.P. Peethabaran Master M ICS(SCS) 52527 7474 INC
75 Thrippunithura GEN K. Babu M INC 63887 M.M. Lawrance M CPM 58941 4946 INC
76 Alwaye GEN K. Mohamed Ali M INC 64837 T.O. Khathir Pillai M CPM 56266 8571 INC
77 Perumbavoor GEN P.P. Thankachan M INC 52494 Alumkal Devassy M JD 49183 3311 INC
78 Kunnathunad GEN T.H. Musthafa M INC 56094 Rukhiya Beevi Ali F IND 48626 7468 INC
79 Piravom GEN T.M. Jacob M KCM 53751 Gopi Kottamurickal M CPM 50804 2947 KCM
80 Muvattupuzha GEN Johny Nelloor M KCM 51783 A.V. Issac M IND 48004 3779 KCM
81 Kothamangalam GEN V.J. Faulose M INC 51862 T.M. Paily M IND 44490 7372 INC
82 Thodupuzha GEN P.T. Thomas M INC 55666 P.J. Joseph M KEC 54574 1092 INC
83 Devicolam (SC) K. Moni Alias A.K. Moni M INC 51801 S. Sundramanickam M CPM 44859 6942 INC
84 Idukki GEN Mathew Stephen M KCM[24] 52559 Johny Poomattom M KEC 48881 3678 KCM
85 Udumbanchola GEN E.M. Augusthy M INC 59843 M. Jinadevan M CPM 56469 3354 INC
86 Peermade GEN K.K. Thomas M INC 46868 C.A. Kurian M CPI 41827 5041 INC
87 Kanjirappally GEN Geoge J. Mathew M INC 45973 K.J. Thomas M CPM 44815 1158 INC
88 Vazhoor GEN K. Narayana Karup M KCM 43354 Kanam Rajendran M CPI 40804 2550 KCM
89 Changanacherry GEN C.F. Thomas M KCM 53742 M.T. Joseph M CPM 41965 11777 KCM
90 Kottayam GEN T.K. Ramakrishnan M CPM 54182 Cherian Philip M INC 51500 2682 CPI(M)
91 Ettumanoor GEN Thomas Chazihikadan M KCM 49233 Vaikom Viswan M CPM 48347 886 KCM
92 Puthuppally GEN Oommen Chandy M INC 56150 Vasavan M CPM 42339 13811 INC
93 Poonjar GEN Joy Abraham M KCM 43936 N.M. Joseph M JD 33518 10418 KCM
94 Palai GEN K.M. Mani M KCM 52310 George C. Kappan M IND 35021 17289 KCM
95 Kaduthuruthy GEN P.M. Mathew M KCM 50324 E.J. Lukose M KEC 36592 13732 KCM
96 Vaikom[25] (SC) K.K. Balakrishnan M INC[26] 50692 K.P. Sreedharan M CPI 49654 1038 INC
97 Aroor GEN K.R. Gouri Amma F CPM 56230 P.J. Francis M INC 52613 3617 CPI(M)
98 Sherthalai GEN C.K. Chandrappan M CPI 50844 Vayalar Ravi M INC 49853 991 CPI
99 Mararikulam GEN V.S. Achuthanandan M CPM 71470 D. Sugathan M INC 61490 9980 CPI(M)
100 Alleppey GEN K.P. Ramachandran Nair M NDP 42269 P.S. Somasekhara M CPI 41519 750 NDP
101 Ambalapuzha GEN C.K. Sadasivan M CPM 48150 V. Dinakaran M INC 46617 1533 CPI(M)
102 Kuttanad GEN K.C. Joseph M KEC 45669 P.D. Luke M KCM 36673 8996 KEC
103 Haripad GEN K.K. Sreenivasan M INC 52891 A.V. Thamarakshan M RSP 52376 515 INC
104 Kayamkulam GEN Thachady Prabhakaran M INC 46682 M.R. Gopalakrishnan M CPM 46649 33 INC
105 Thiruvalla GEN Mammen Mathai M KCM 35843 Mathew T. Thomas M JD 33950 1893 KCM
106 Kallooppara GEN Joseph M. Puthussery M IND 35524 T.S. John M KEC 30288 5236 IND
107 Aranmula GEN R. Ramachandran Nair M NDP 37534 C.A. Mathew M ICS(SCS) 32128 5406 NDP
108 Chengannur GEN Sobhana George F INC 40208 Mammen Iype M ICS(SCS) 36761 3447 INC
109 Mavelikara GEN M. Murali M INC 50292 S. Govinda Kurup M CPM 44322 5970 INC
110 Pandalam (SC) V. Kisavan M CPM 52768 M.A. Kuttappan M INC 51210 1558 CPI(M)
111 Ranni GEN M.C. Cheriyan Moozhickal M INC 41048 Idiculla Mappila M CPM 38809 2239 INC
112 Pathanamthitta GEN K.K. Nair M IND 47367 Eapen Varughese M KEC 29899 17468 IND
113 Konni GEN A. Padma Kumar M CPM 42531 C.P. Ramachandran Nair M IND 41615 916 CPI(M)
114 Pathanapuram GEN K. Prakash Babu M CPI 50295 Vakkanand Radhakrishnan M KCM 44267 6028 CPI
115 Punalur GEN Punalur Madhu M INC 53050 Mullakkara Ratnakaran M CPI 51738 1312 INC
116 Chadayamangalam GEN E. Rajendran M CPI 46025 A. Hidur Mohammed M INC 40986 5039 CPI
117 Kottarakkara GEN R. Balakrishna Pillai M IND 47122 George Mathew M CPM 41707 5421 IND
118 Neduvathur (SC) B. Raghavan M CPM 49296 N. Narayanan M INC 42112 7184 CPI(M)
119 Adoor GEN Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan M INC 44147 R. Unnikrishna Pillai M CPM 38380 5767 INC
120 Kunnathur (SC) T. Nanoomaster M RSP 56064 V. Sasidharan M INC 53462 2602 RSP
121 Karunagappally GEN P.S Sreenivasan M CPI 53576 Jameela Ibrahim F INC 47326 6250 CPI
122 Chavara GEN Baby John M RSP 51249 Prathapa Varma Thampan M INC 46925 4324 RSP
123 Kundara GEN Alphonsa John F INC 46447 J. Mercykutty Amma F CPM 45075 1372 INC
124 Quilon GEN Kadavoor Sivadasan M INC 48307 Babu Divakaran M RSP 43831 4476 INC
125 Eravipuram GEN P.K.K. Bava M MUL 55972 V.P. Ramakrishna Pillai M IND 55350 422 IUML
126 Chathanoor GEN C.V. Padmarajan M INC 53755 P. Ravindran M CPI 49244 4511 INC
127 Varkala GEN Varkala Radhakrishnan M CPM 42977 Varkala Kahar M INC 39680 3297 CPI(M)
128 Attingal GEN T. Saratchandra Prasad M INC 41964 Anathalavattom Anadan M CPM 41527 437 INC
129 Kilimanoor (SC) N. Rajan M CPI 51937 Thankappan M INC 47882 4055 CPI
130 Vamanapuram GEN Kolaikode N. Krishna Nair M CPM 52248 R.M. Parameswaran M INC 50882 1366 CPI(M)
131 Ariyanad GEN G. Karihikeyan M INC 44302 K. Pankajakshan M RSP 40822 3480 INC
132 Nedumangad GEN Palode Ravi M INC 54678 K. Govinda Pillai M CPI 53739 939 INC
133 Kazhakuttam GEN M.V. Raghavan M CPM(K) 51243 A. Nabeesaummal F CPM 50554 689 CPM(K)
134 Trivandrum North GEN M. Vijaya Kumar M CPM 52865 T. Raveendtan Thampi M NDP 52525 340 CPI(M)
135 Trivandrum West GEN M.M. Hassan M INC 43620 Antony Raju M KEC 35121 8499 INC
136 Trivandrum East GEN B. Vijaya Kumar M INC 41230 K. Sankaranaraya Pillai M ICS(SCS) 33302 8018 INC
137 Nemom GEN V.J. Thankappan M CPM 47063 Stanly Sathyanesan M CPM(K) 40201 6862 CPI(M)
138 Kovalam GEN A. Neela Lohitha Dajan Kadar M JD 49515 George Maserine M INC 49494 21 JD
139 Neyyattinkara GEN Thampanoor Ravi M INC 49016 S.R. Thanka Raj M JD 47042 1974 INC
140 Parassala GEN M.R. Raghu Chandra Bal M INC 48423 Sathyanesan M CPM 40788 7635 INC

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly". 3 April 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  2. ↑ "Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder". www.keralaassembly.org. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  3. ↑ Isaac, T. M. Thomas; Kumar, S. Mohana (1991). "Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (47): 2691–2704. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4398338.
  4. ↑ "History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India". kerala.gov.in. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  5. ↑ "Electoral History". Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  6. ↑ "Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards". Who-is-who. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  7. ↑ Brass, Paul R. (8 September 1994). The Politics of India Since Independence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521459709.
  8. ↑ "Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991". www.elections.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  9. ↑ "CEO Kerala :: Election History". www.ceo.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  10. ↑ "Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary". www.keralaassembly.org. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  11. ↑ "Online Thesis Search Results". www.mgutheses.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  12. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala" (PDF). ceo.kerala.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2012.
  13. ↑ STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA (PDF). ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA. 1992. pp. 4–7.
  14. ↑ "Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991". www.elections.in. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  15. ↑ Sushanth. "ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala)". data-analytics.github.io. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "This is O Rajagopal, BJP's first legislator ever in Kerala". The Indian Express. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  17. ↑ Kurup, G. Radhakrishna (2004). Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788178352848.
  18. ↑ Ramachandran, V. K. (2 January 2018). "Economic planning in Kerala". Critical Asian Studies. 50 (1): 155–163. doi:10.1080/09548963.2017.1421746. ISSN 1467-2715. S2CID 198744055.
  19. ↑ Prashad, Vijay (14 June 2016). ""Red Spring" for the left in India's Kerala state". People's World. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  20. ↑ Team, BS Web (11 May 2016). "Kerala assembly elections: Oommen Chandy hopes to create history by retaining power". Business Standard India. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  21. ↑ "kerala results". archives.peoplesdemocracy.in. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  22. ↑ "Record 13th win for K M Mani". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  23. ↑ Ahuja, M. L. (2000). Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952–1999. Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170997665.
  24. ↑ "Lok Sabha polls 2019: Full list of Congress-led UDF's candidates in Kerala". www.thenewsminute.com. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  25. ↑ "Pinarayi Vijayan sworn-in as Chief Minister of Kerala". Jagranjosh.com. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  26. ↑ Staff Reporter (23 April 2019). "Highest voter turnout in Kottayam since 1991". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

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