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| {{short description|Formal surrender of German troops in Italy on April 29, 1945}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
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| [[File:Wolff Proxy German.jpg|thumb|[[Karl Wolff|Wolff]]'s [[wikt:Special:Search/proxy#Noun|proxy]] for the surrender of Caserta]]
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| The '''surrender of Caserta''' ({{lang-it|Resa di Caserta}}, {{IPA-it|'resa di kaˈzɛrta|pron}}) of 29 April 1945 was the written agreement that formalized the surrender of [[Nazi Germany|German]] and [[Italian Social Republic|Italian Republican]] forces in Italy, ending the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian Campaign]] of [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stafford|first1=David|title=Endgame 1945 : victory, retribution, liberation|date=2008|publisher=Abacus|location=London|isbn=978-0349119120|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/endgame1945victo0000unse}}</ref> The document, signed at the [[Royal Palace of Caserta]], was to become effective on 2 May 1945.
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| Although British [[Field Marshal]] [[Harold Alexander]] claimed the Surrender of Caserta shortened the war in Europe by six to eight weeks and saved Northern Italy from more destruction along with tens of thousands of lives, the German Commander-in-Chief of [[Army Group C]] [[Heinrich von Vietinghoff]] had noted on 28 April that fighting would cease within one or two days regardless of negotiations, the German troops having neither arms nor ammunition left.{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1161}} Further destruction was thus unlikely, Army Group C having decided already on 11 April not to carry out Hitler's [[scorched earth]] policy.{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1161}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Surrender at Caserta]] |
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| Owing in part to Allied air attacks, the German forces in Italy had received no supplies from Germany since the first week of April.{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1158}} Since Allied aircraft had destroyed all bridges across the [[Po (river)|Po]] river, the Germans abandoned their heavy weapons and motor vehicles south of it during the [[Spring 1945 offensive in Italy|Allied spring offensive]].{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1156}}{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1159}} What was left of the German infantry was mostly wiped out during the fighting.{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1159}} The remaining troops had retreated across the Po using improvised transports and were reorganized by blocking detachments to man the front line and fight on, but without arms their situation was hopeless.{{sfn|Frieser|2007|p=1159}}
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| ==References==
| | {{R from alternative name}} |
| ;Citations
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| {{reflist|30em}} | |
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| ;Bibliography
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| * {{cite book
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| | last1 = Frieser
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| | first1 = Karl-Heinz
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| | author-link1 = Karl-Heinz Frieser
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| | first2 =Klaus
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| | last2 = Schmider
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| | first3 =Klaus
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| | last3 = Schönherr
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| | first4 = Gerhard
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| | last4 = Schreiber
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| | first5 = Kristián
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| | last5 = Ungváry
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| | author-link5 = Krisztián Ungváry
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| | first6 =Bernd
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| | last6=Wegner
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| | work = [[Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg]] [Germany and the Second World War]
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| | volume = VIII
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| | title = Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten
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| | trans-title = The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts
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| | publisher = Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt
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| | location = München
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| | year = 2007
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| | isbn = 978-3-421-06235-2
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| | language = German
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| | ref = {{harvid|Frieser|2022}}
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| }} | | }} |
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| ==Further reading==
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| *[https://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/gs9.asp Text of the ''Instrument of Local Surrender of German and Other Forces Under the Command or Control of the German Commander-In-Chief Southwest''] from the Avalon Project
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| {{World War II}}
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| {{Authority control}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Caserta, Surrender of}}
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| [[Category:Italian campaign (World War II)]]
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| [[Category:1945 in Italy]]
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| [[Category:World War II treaties]]
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| [[Category:April 1945 events]]
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| [[Category:Treaties concluded in 1945]]
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| [[Category:Treaties entered into force in 1945]]
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| {{WWII-stub}}
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