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Surrender of Caserta
The surrender of Caserta (Italian: Resa di Caserta, pronounced ['resa di kaˈzɛrta]) of 29 April 1945 was the written agreement that formalized the surrender of German and Italian Republican forces in Italy, ending the Italian Campaign of World War II.[1] The document, signed at the Royal Palace of Caserta, was to become effective on 2 May 1945.
Although British Field Marshal Harold Alexander claimed the Surrender of Caserta shortened the war in Europe by six to eight weeks and saved Northern Italy from more destruction along with tens of thousands of lives, the German Commander-in-Chief of Army Group C Heinrich von Vietinghoff had noted on 28 April that fighting would cease within one or two days regardless of negotiations, the German troops having neither arms nor ammunition left.[2] Further destruction was thus unlikely, Army Group C having decided already on 11 April not to carry out Hitler's scorched earth policy.[2]
Owing in part to Allied air attacks, the German forces in Italy had received no supplies from Germany since the first week of April.[3] Since Allied aircraft had destroyed all bridges across the Po river, the Germans abandoned their heavy weapons and motor vehicles south of it during the Allied spring offensive.[4][5] What was left of the German infantry was mostly wiped out during the fighting.[5] The remaining troops had retreated across the Po using improvised transports and were reorganized by blocking detachments to man the front line and fight on, but without arms their situation was hopeless.[5]
References[edit]
- Citations
- ↑ Stafford, David (2008). Endgame 1945 : victory, retribution, liberation. London: Abacus. ISBN 978-0349119120.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Frieser 2007, p. 1161.
- ↑ Frieser 2007, p. 1158.
- ↑ Frieser 2007, p. 1156.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Frieser 2007, p. 1159.
- Bibliography
- Frieser, Karl-Heinz; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard; Ungváry, Kristián; Wegner, Bernd (2007). Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten [The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts]. ISBN 978-3-421-06235-2.
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Further reading[edit]
- Text of the Instrument of Local Surrender of German and Other Forces Under the Command or Control of the German Commander-In-Chief Southwest from the Avalon Project
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