Sindhi language: Difference between revisions

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=== Early Sindhi (–16th century) ===
=== Early Sindhi (–16th century) ===
Early literary evidence of Sindhi is limited. The earliest documentation of Sindhi as a distinct language appears in a translation of the Qur’an, which dates back to 883 CE. Additionally, Isma'ili religious texts and poetry in India from the 11th century CE utilised a language closely related to both Sindhi and Gujarati. During this period, Sindhi had not yet been clearly recognised as an independent literary language. Much of the literature from this era consists of ginans, which are devotional hymns.
Sindhi was the first Indo-Aryan language to experience significant interaction with Arabic and Persian following the Umayyad conquest of Sindh in 712 CE. Consequently, Arabic records reference the language of Sindh on various occasions. The following excerpts are translated from "[[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians]]" by [[Henry Miers Elliot]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elliot |first1=Henry Miers |editor1-last=Dawson |editor1-first=John |title=The History Of India As Told By Its Own Historians |date=1867–1877 |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.448955}}</ref>
{{Blockquote
|text=The language of Sind is different than that of India. Sind is the country which is nearer the domains of the Moslims, India is farther from them.
|author=[[al-Masudi]] ({{circa|lk=no|896}}–956 CE)
|source=''[[The Meadows of Gold]]''
}}
{{Blockquote
|text=The language of [[Mansura, Sindh|Mansúra]], [[Multan|Multán]], and those parts is Arabic and Sindian. In [[Makran|Makrán]] they use Persian and Makranic.
|author=[[Ibn Hawqal]]
|source=''[[Surat Al-Ard]]'' (977 CE)
}}


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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