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{{Short description|Hindu monastery}} | {{Short description|Hindu monastery in India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | ||
[[File:Ragavendratemple.jpg|thumb|Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt, [[Mantralayam]]]] | [[File:Ragavendratemple.jpg|thumb|Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt, [[Mantralayam]]]] | ||
{{Dvaita}} | {{Dvaita}} | ||
[[File:MoolaRama 2.png|thumb|373x373px|Sri Moola rama, Digvijaya rama and Jayarama Idols at Raghavendra Math]] | |||
'''Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt, Mantralayam''' is one of the [[Dvaita Vedanta]] monasteries ([[Matha]]) descended from [[Madhvacharya]] through Sri Jayatirtha further with Vibudhendra Tirtha (a disciple of ''Ramchandra Tirtha''). It is one of the three premier monasteries descended in the lineage of [[Jayatirtha]] the other two being [[Uttaradi Math]] and [[Vyasaraja Math (Sosale)|Vyasaraja Math]] and are jointly referred as ''Mathatraya(ಮಠತ್ರಯ)''.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=199}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Vaisnavism|author=Steven Rosen|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|date=30 November 1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&pg=PA132|page=132|isbn=9788120812352}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=193}} It is the pontiffs and pandits of the ''Mathatraya'' that have been the principle architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries.<ref>{{cite book|title=Viśiṣṭādvaita and Dvaita: A Systematic and Comparative Study of the Two Schools of Vedānta with Special Reference to Some Doctrinal Controversies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrHWAAAAMAAJ|author=B. N. Hebbar|page=29|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Niketan|year=2004|isbn = 9788189211011}}</ref> | |||
Ramachandra Tirtha's disciples are Vidyanidhi Tirtha and Vibhudendra Tirtha. Vidyanidhi Tirtha started new branch matha [[Uttaradi Matha]] and Vibhudendra Tirtha who was senior plonitff and only successor continued linage. These lineages were formed and continued for the benefit of the Madhva philosophy so that more and more individuals consequently have access to the philosophy and get [[Upadeśa]] (spiritual guidance). Later this matha came to be known by the name of Kumbhakona Matha. After the times of famous [[Vijayendra Tirtha]] it came to be known as Vijayendra Math. Post the period of Sri Subodhendra Tirtha (1799 - 1835) the mutt was stationed at Nanjanagud, hence it is also known as Nanjanagud Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt in later days. In recent decades, the mutt has established it headquarters at Mantralayam. It is the holy abode of Sri Raghavendra teertha (1621 - 1671) who is one of the prominent personalities in the lineage of Madhvacharya. Sri Raghavendra Swami Mutt (the temple and monastery surrounding the burial site of Sri Raghavendra Teertha) is located on the bank of [[Tungabhadra River]] in [[Mantralayam]] in Adoni taluk of [[Kurnool district]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Dakshinatya Saraswats|author=Venkataraya Narayan Kudva|publisher=Samyukta Gowda Saraswata Sabha|year=1972|page=196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x0NuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJZPAQAAMAAJ|publisher=The Directorate|year=2001|page=90|quote= This matha was established by one Vibhdeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.}}</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Raghavendra Math is descended from Jagadguru Shri [[Madhvacharya]] through Vibhudendra Tirtha.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi5uAAAAMAAJ|title=Sources of the History of India, Volume 3|page=390|author=Siba Pada Sen|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|year=1980|quote=Sri Vibudendra-Tirtha founded the Kumbhakona Matha. This Matha came into existence in the fifteenth century.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJZPAQAAMAAJ|publisher=The Directorate|year=2001|page=90|quote= This matha was established by one Vibhudeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JPxtAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Mythic Society|year=1992|page=133|quote=During the 15th century Ramachandra Teertha had initiated two sanyasis and of the two Vibhudendra Teertha founded a new Matha in the far South at Kumbhakonam.}}</ref> | Raghavendra Math is descended from Jagadguru Shri [[Madhvacharya]] through Vibhudendra Tirtha and came to existence in 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi5uAAAAMAAJ|title=Sources of the History of India, Volume 3|page=390|author=Siba Pada Sen|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|year=1980|quote=Sri Vibudendra-Tirtha founded the Kumbhakona Matha. This Matha came into existence in the fifteenth century.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJZPAQAAMAAJ|publisher=The Directorate|year=2001|page=90|quote= This matha was established by one Vibhudeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JPxtAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Mythic Society|year=1992|page=133|quote=During the 15th century Ramachandra Teertha had initiated two sanyasis and of the two Vibhudendra Teertha founded a new Matha in the far South at Kumbhakonam.}}</ref> The Raghavendra Math was founded in 15th century by Vibhudendra Tirtha in [[Kumbhakonam]]. So, earlier the matha was known as Kumbhakonam Matha or Dakshinadi Math and later the matha was made popular as Sri Vijayendra Mutt after [[Vijayendra Tirtha]] by [[Sudhindra Tirtha]], a disciple and successor to the pontificate of Kumbakonam Matha. After Sudhindra Tirtha his disciple, the most venerated [[dvaita]] saint [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] continued in the pontifical lineage as the pontiff of the matha. | ||
The matha | ; Deities worshipped | ||
The Moola Rama is the main deity of the matha.{{cn|date=May 2025}} Along with Mool Rama, Sri Digvijaya Rama (Worshipped by Sri Madhvacharya) and Jaya Rama (worshipped by Sri Jayateertha) are being worshipped at Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sameer.joshi |date=2023-10-04 |title=द्वैत दर्शन ದ್ವೈತ ದರ್ಶನ [ DWAITA DARSHANA ] : ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ.... ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ .... |url=https://dwaitadarshana.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=द्वैत दर्शन ದ್ವೈತ ದರ್ಶನ [ DWAITA DARSHANA ]}}</ref> Two Vyasamushtis,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=ಶ್ರೀರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರವಿಜಯ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸುವ ಶ್ರೀರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರತೀರ್ಥರ ಪಟ್ಟಾಭಿಷೇಕ. |url=https://www.sushameendra.org/2022/%e0%b2%b6%e0%b3%8d%e0%b2%b0%e0%b3%80%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%be%e0%b2%98%e0%b2%b5%e0%b3%87%e0%b2%82%e0%b2%a6%e0%b3%8d%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%b5%e0%b2%bf%e0%b2%9c%e0%b2%af-%e0%b2%89%e0%b2%b2%e0%b3%8d%e0%b2%b2%e0%b3%87/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Sri Sushameendra Seva Pratishtana |language=en-US}}</ref> Sri Shodasha bahu Narasimha worshipped by Sri Vibudhendra teertha and Santana Gopala Krishna, Vaikuntha Vasudeva, Vitthala and other prominent deities with significant historical importance are worshipped in the mutt. | |||
==Guru Parampara== | [[Purandara Dasa]] has meaningfully described the worship of Moolarama performed by his contemporary Yatishwara Srisurendratirtha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಪುರಂದರದಾಸರು – ಸಮಗ್ರ ದಾಸ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |url=https://kanaja.karnataka.gov.in/dasasahitya/%e0%b2%aa%e0%b3%81%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%82%e0%b2%a6%e0%b2%b0%e0%b2%a6%e0%b2%be%e0%b2%b8%e0%b2%b0%e0%b3%81-2/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[ Gopala Dasa|Sri Gopala Dasa]] mentions Vasudhendratirtha eight times in Moolarama's Suladi called 'Taranikulotpanna Taputakanchanavarna'. Sri [[Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)|Jagannath Dasa]] composed kirtans on many Yativarenyas of Sri Raghavendra Math, quoting Moolaram. He also dearly mentions his beloved guru Sri Raghavendra teertha. He also describes the Moola rama as beloved god of Vasudhendra teertha̤. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ {{!}} ಹರಿದಾಸ ಸಂಪದ |url=https://haridasa.sampada.net/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8-%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88/1453 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=haridasa.sampada.net}}</ref> | ||
== Guru Parampara == | |||
The Guru Parampara (Lineage of Saints) of Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt is given below. | The Guru Parampara (Lineage of Saints) of Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt is given below. | ||
#'''Sri [[Madhvacharya]]''' | |||
#Sri [[Madhvacharya]] | |||
#Sri [[Padmanabha Tirtha]] | #Sri [[Padmanabha Tirtha]] | ||
#Sri [[Narahari Tirtha]] | #Sri [[Narahari Tirtha]] | ||
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#Sri [[Jayatirtha]] | #Sri [[Jayatirtha]] | ||
#Sri [[Vidyadhiraja Tirtha]] | #Sri [[Vidyadhiraja Tirtha]] | ||
#Sri Kavindra Thirtha | # Sri Kavindra Thirtha | ||
#Sri Vaageesha Thirtha | #Sri Vaageesha Thirtha | ||
#Sri Ramachandra Tirtha | #Sri Ramachandra Tirtha | ||
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#Sri Surendra Tirtha | #Sri Surendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri [[Vijayindra Tirtha|Vijayeendra Tirtha]] | #Sri [[Vijayindra Tirtha|Vijayeendra Tirtha]] | ||
#Sri [[Sudhindra Tirtha]] | # Sri [[Sudhindra Tirtha]] | ||
#Sri [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] | #'''Sri [[Raghavendra Tirtha]]''' | ||
#Sri Yogeendra Tirtha | #Sri Yogeendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Sooreendra Tirtha | #Sri Sooreendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri [[Sumatindra Tirtha|Sumateendra Tirtha]] | # Sri [[Sumatindra Tirtha|Sumateendra Tirtha]] | ||
#Sri Upendra Tirtha | #Sri Upendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Vadeendra Tirtha | #Sri Vadeendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Vasudhendra Tirtha | # Sri Vasudhendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Varadendra Tirtha | # Sri Varadendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Dheerendra Tirtha | # Sri Dheerendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Bhuvanendra Tirtha | # Sri Bhuvanendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Subodhendra Tirtha | # Sri Subodhendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Sujanendra Tirtha | # Sri Sujanendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Sujnanendra Tirtha | # Sri Sujnanendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Sudharmendra Tirtha | # Sri Sudharmendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Sugunendra Tirtha | #Sri Sugunendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Suprajnendra Tirtha | #Sri Suprajnendra Tirtha | ||
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#Sri Sushameendra Tirtha | #Sri Sushameendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Suyateendra Tirtha | #Sri Suyateendra Tirtha | ||
#Sri Subudhendra Tirtha – Present Pontiff<ref>{{cite news|title=Subudhendra Tirtha takes charge of Mantralayam math|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/subudhendra-tirtha-takes-charge-of-mantralayam-math/article5774415.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> | #Sri Subudhendra Tirtha – (Present Pontiff)<ref>{{cite news|title=Subudhendra Tirtha takes charge of Mantralayam math|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/subudhendra-tirtha-takes-charge-of-mantralayam-math/article5774415.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www.srsmatha.org/ Raghavendra Math official website] | *[https://www.srsmatha.org/ Raghavendra Math official website] | ||
* [http://www.dvaita.org Website on Dvaita] | *[https://srsmatha.org/latestnews.php Shree Guru Raghavendra Swamy Matha at Mantralaya - news] | ||
* [http://www.dvaita.org Website on Dvaita] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613064759/https://www.dvaita.org/ |date=13 June 2023 }} | |||
{{coord missing|Karnataka}} | {{coord missing|Karnataka}} | ||
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]] | [[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]] | ||
[[Category:Vaishnavism]] | [[Category:Vaishnavism]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu monasteries in India]] | [[Category:Hindu monasteries in India]] | ||
[[Category:Madhva mathas]] | [[Category:Madhva mathas]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]] | [[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]] | ||
[[Category:Mathatraya]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:18, 27 March 2026
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Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt, Mantralayam is one of the Dvaita Vedanta monasteries (Matha) descended from Madhvacharya through Sri Jayatirtha further with Vibudhendra Tirtha (a disciple of Ramchandra Tirtha). It is one of the three premier monasteries descended in the lineage of Jayatirtha the other two being Uttaradi Math and Vyasaraja Math and are jointly referred as Mathatraya(ಮಠತ್ರಯ).[1][2][3] It is the pontiffs and pandits of the Mathatraya that have been the principle architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries.[4]
Ramachandra Tirtha's disciples are Vidyanidhi Tirtha and Vibhudendra Tirtha. Vidyanidhi Tirtha started new branch matha Uttaradi Matha and Vibhudendra Tirtha who was senior plonitff and only successor continued linage. These lineages were formed and continued for the benefit of the Madhva philosophy so that more and more individuals consequently have access to the philosophy and get Upadeśa (spiritual guidance). Later this matha came to be known by the name of Kumbhakona Matha. After the times of famous Vijayendra Tirtha it came to be known as Vijayendra Math. Post the period of Sri Subodhendra Tirtha (1799 - 1835) the mutt was stationed at Nanjanagud, hence it is also known as Nanjanagud Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt in later days. In recent decades, the mutt has established it headquarters at Mantralayam. It is the holy abode of Sri Raghavendra teertha (1621 - 1671) who is one of the prominent personalities in the lineage of Madhvacharya. Sri Raghavendra Swami Mutt (the temple and monastery surrounding the burial site of Sri Raghavendra Teertha) is located on the bank of Tungabhadra River in Mantralayam in Adoni taluk of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh, India.[5][6]
History[edit | edit source]
Raghavendra Math is descended from Jagadguru Shri Madhvacharya through Vibhudendra Tirtha and came to existence in 15th century.[7][8][9] The Raghavendra Math was founded in 15th century by Vibhudendra Tirtha in Kumbhakonam. So, earlier the matha was known as Kumbhakonam Matha or Dakshinadi Math and later the matha was made popular as Sri Vijayendra Mutt after Vijayendra Tirtha by Sudhindra Tirtha, a disciple and successor to the pontificate of Kumbakonam Matha. After Sudhindra Tirtha his disciple, the most venerated dvaita saint Raghavendra Tirtha continued in the pontifical lineage as the pontiff of the matha.
- Deities worshipped
The Moola Rama is the main deity of the matha.[citation needed] Along with Mool Rama, Sri Digvijaya Rama (Worshipped by Sri Madhvacharya) and Jaya Rama (worshipped by Sri Jayateertha) are being worshipped at Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt.[10] Two Vyasamushtis,[11] Sri Shodasha bahu Narasimha worshipped by Sri Vibudhendra teertha and Santana Gopala Krishna, Vaikuntha Vasudeva, Vitthala and other prominent deities with significant historical importance are worshipped in the mutt.
Purandara Dasa has meaningfully described the worship of Moolarama performed by his contemporary Yatishwara Srisurendratirtha.[12] Sri Gopala Dasa mentions Vasudhendratirtha eight times in Moolarama's Suladi called 'Taranikulotpanna Taputakanchanavarna'. Sri Jagannath Dasa composed kirtans on many Yativarenyas of Sri Raghavendra Math, quoting Moolaram. He also dearly mentions his beloved guru Sri Raghavendra teertha. He also describes the Moola rama as beloved god of Vasudhendra teertha̤. [13]
Guru Parampara[edit | edit source]
The Guru Parampara (Lineage of Saints) of Sri Raghavendra Swamy Mutt is given below.
- Sri Madhvacharya
- Sri Padmanabha Tirtha
- Sri Narahari Tirtha
- Sri Madhava Tirtha
- Sri Akshobhya Tirtha
- Sri Jayatirtha
- Sri Vidyadhiraja Tirtha
- Sri Kavindra Thirtha
- Sri Vaageesha Thirtha
- Sri Ramachandra Tirtha
- Sri Vibudhendra Tirtha
- Sri Jitamitra Tirtha
- Sri Raghunandana Tirtha
- Sri Surendra Tirtha
- Sri Vijayeendra Tirtha
- Sri Sudhindra Tirtha
- Sri Raghavendra Tirtha
- Sri Yogeendra Tirtha
- Sri Sooreendra Tirtha
- Sri Sumateendra Tirtha
- Sri Upendra Tirtha
- Sri Vadeendra Tirtha
- Sri Vasudhendra Tirtha
- Sri Varadendra Tirtha
- Sri Dheerendra Tirtha
- Sri Bhuvanendra Tirtha
- Sri Subodhendra Tirtha
- Sri Sujanendra Tirtha
- Sri Sujnanendra Tirtha
- Sri Sudharmendra Tirtha
- Sri Sugunendra Tirtha
- Sri Suprajnendra Tirtha
- Sri Sukrutheendra Tirtha
- Sri Susheelendra Tirtha
- Sri Suvrateendra Tirtha
- Sri Suyameendra Tirtha
- Sri Sujayeendra Tirtha
- Sri Sushameendra Tirtha
- Sri Suyateendra Tirtha
- Sri Subudhendra Tirtha – (Present Pontiff)[14]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 199.
- ↑ Steven Rosen (30 November 1994). Vaisnavism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 9788120812352.
- ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 193.
- ↑ B. N. Hebbar (2004). Viśiṣṭādvaita and Dvaita: A Systematic and Comparative Study of the Two Schools of Vedānta with Special Reference to Some Doctrinal Controversies. Bharatiya Granth Niketan. p. 29. ISBN 9788189211011.
- ↑ Venkataraya Narayan Kudva (1972). History of the Dakshinatya Saraswats. Samyukta Gowda Saraswata Sabha. p. 196.
- ↑ Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2. The Directorate. 2001. p. 90.
This matha was established by one Vibhdeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.
- ↑ Siba Pada Sen (1980). Sources of the History of India, Volume 3. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 390.
Sri Vibudendra-Tirtha founded the Kumbhakona Matha. This Matha came into existence in the fifteenth century.
- ↑ Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2. The Directorate. 2001. p. 90.
This matha was established by one Vibhudeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.
- ↑ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83. Mythic Society. 1992. p. 133.
During the 15th century Ramachandra Teertha had initiated two sanyasis and of the two Vibhudendra Teertha founded a new Matha in the far South at Kumbhakonam.
- ↑ Sameer.joshi (4 October 2023). "द्वैत दर्शन ದ್ವೈತ ದರ್ಶನ [ DWAITA DARSHANA ] : ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ.... ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ ..." द्वैत दर्शन ದ್ವೈತ ದರ್ಶನ [ DWAITA DARSHANA ]. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ "ಶ್ರೀರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರವಿಜಯ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸುವ ಶ್ರೀರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರತೀರ್ಥರ ಪಟ್ಟಾಭಿಷೇಕ". Sri Sushameendra Seva Pratishtana. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ↑ "ಪುರಂದರದಾಸರು – ಸಮಗ್ರ ದಾಸ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ". Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ↑ "ರಾಮನ ನೋಡಿರೈ | ಹರಿದಾಸ ಸಂಪದ". haridasa.sampada.net. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
- ↑ "Subudhendra Tirtha takes charge of Mantralayam math". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759.