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{{Short description|Town in Bihar}}
{{Short description|Town in Bihar}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2021}}
{{Copy edit|for=Grammar, style of writing and proper sentence formation , Capitalisation, spelling|date=August 2021}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                           = Sursand (सुरसंड)
| name               = Sursand
| native_name                    =
| other_name         =  
| native_name_lang                = Hindi and maithili
| nickname           =  
| other_name                     =  
| settlement_type   = Town
| nickname                       =  
| image_skyline     = Sursand temple 3.jpg
| settlement_type                 = Town
| image_size        = 320px
| image_skyline                   = Sursand temple 3.jpg
| image_caption     = An ancient temple locally known as [[Choraut Mandir, Sursand|Choraut Mandir]] in Sursand
| image_alt                      =  
| pushpin_map       = India Bihar
| image_caption                   = An ancient temple in Sursand
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map                     = India Bihar
| pushpin_map_alt   =  
| pushpin_label_position         = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| pushpin_map_alt                 =  
| coordinates       = {{coord|26|39|0|N|85|43|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Bihar, India
| subdivision_type   = Country
| coordinates                     = {{coord|26|39|0|N|85|43|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]
| established_title               = <!-- Established -->
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date               =  
| established_date   =  
| founder                         =  
| founder           =  
| named_for                       =  
| named_for         =  
| government_type                 =  
| government_type   = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| governing_body                 =  
| governing_body     =  
| unit_pref                       = Metric
| unit_pref         = Metric
| area_footnotes                 =  
| area_footnotes     =  
| area_rank                       =  
| area_rank         =  
| area_total_km2                 =  
| area_total_km2     =  
| elevation_m                     = 55
| elevation_m       = 55
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sursand, India |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Sursand.html |access-date=16 August 2021 | website=Falling Rain}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sursand, India |url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Sursand.html |access-date=16 August 2021 | website=Falling Rain}}</ref>
| population_total               = 29688
| population_total   = 29688
| population_as_of               = 2011
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_rank                 =  
| population_rank   =  
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym             =  
| population_demonym =  
| population_footnotes           =  
| population_footnotes =  
| demographics_type1             = Languages
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1           = Official
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1             = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| timezone1         = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                     = +5:30
| utc_offset1       = +5:30
| postal_code_type               = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code_type   = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code                     = 843331
| postal_code       = 843331
| registration_plate             = BR-30
| registration_plate = BR-30
| blank1_name_sec1               = Coastline
| blank1_name_sec1   = Coastline
| blank1_info_sec1               = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{Convert|0|km|mi}}
| website                         =  
| website           =  
| footnotes                       =  
| footnotes         =  
| official_name                   =  
| official_name     =  
| demographics_type2             =  
| demographics_type2 =  
| subdivision_type3              = [[PIN Code]]
}}{{Related|[[Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]|[[Swarna Rani Mandir, Sursand]]|[[Mithilapuri Jain Teerth]]}}
| subdivision_type4              =
'''Sursand''' is an Indian town in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region of [[Bihar]] near the Indo-Nepal border. It was previously the capital of the [[Sursand Raj]] in the region. It is about 25 Km to the east of [[Sitamarhi]], the district headquarters, and approximately 5 Km to the west of [[Bhitthamore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sursand News, Sursand की ताज़ा ख़बर, Sursand हिंदी न्यूज़ page1|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/tags/sursand|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref>
| subdivision_type5              =
 
| subdivision_type6              =
| subdivision_name3              = 843331
| subdivision_name4              =
| subdivision_name5              =
| subdivision_name6              =
}}
'''Sursand''' is an [[India|Indian]] town in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region of [[Bihar]], situated near the Indo-Nepal border. This town is about 25 kilometers away from its district headquarters [[Sitamarhi]] and approximately 5 kilometers away from [[Shrikhandi Bhittha|Bhitthamore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sursand News, Sursand की ताज़ा ख़बर, Sursand हिंदी न्यूज़ page1|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/tags/sursand|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Hindustan|language=hi}}</ref>
==History==
==History==
The village has the ruins of a fortress, known as Sursandgarh, constructed during the Mughal period by King Sursen.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdpwKpTYqsC&q=sursandgarh | page=147 | title=Systems of rural settlements in developing countries | first=R. B. | last=Mandal | year=1989 | publisher=Concept Publishing | isbn=9788170222033 | accessdate=26 April 2018 }}</ref>
The village has the ruins of a fortress known as Sursandgarh, which was constructed during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] period by King Sursen.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEdpwKpTYqsC&q=sursandgarh | page=147 | title=Systems of rural settlements in developing countries | first=R. B. | last=Mandal | year=1989 | publisher=Concept Publishing | isbn=9788170222033 | accessdate=26 April 2018 }}</ref>


According to an account published in the Bengal District Gazetteers,
According to an account published in the ''Bengal District Gazetteers'',
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
"The name of the place is said to be derived from Sur Sen, a chieftain who once lived there. After his death, it lapsed once more into jungle, until it was reclaimed by two brothers—Mahesh Jha and Amar Jha, the founders of the present Sursand family. These brothers, the story runs, left their home at Ghograha, in the district of Darbhanga, and came to settle at Jadupati, a village belonging to them, 8 miles from Sursand. One day Mahesh Jha went with his astrologer to hunt in the woods at Sursand, and came across the ruins of Sur Sen's fort. The astrologer having told him that the man who made a home there would be a Raja, Mahesh Jha acted on his advice and cleared the jungle. The several branches of the Sursand family sprang from his son, Chaudhri Kelwal Krishna. Amar Jha's branch did not prosper, and his descendants are impoverished. Chaudhri Hirdai Narayan, a descendant of the elder branch, added largely to the family estates.King Sursena always admired Babu Bhim Lal Singh II of Singh Dynasty because his Daughter Maheshwari Devi was married to Babu Bhim Lal Singh II of Singh Dynasty"<ref>{{cite book|title=Bengal District Gazetteers|volume=34|issue=1|page=159|year=1907|publisher=The Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRMmAQAAIAAJ&q=sursand+nepal}}</ref>
The name of the place is said to be derived from Sur Sen, a chieftain who once lived there. After his death, it lapsed once more into jungle, until it was reclaimed by two brothers—Mahesh Jha and Amar Jha, the founders of the present Sursand family. These brothers, the story runs, left their home at Ghograha, in the district of Darbhanga, and came to settle at Jadupati, a village belonging to them, 8 miles from Sursand. One day Mahesh Jha went with his astrologer to hunt in the woods at Sursand, and came across the ruins of Sur Sen's fort. The astrologer having told him that the man who made a home there would be a Raja, Mahesh Jha acted on his advice and cleared the jungle. The several branches of the Sursand family sprang from his son, Chaudhri Kelwal Krishna. Amar Jha's branch did not prosper, and his descendants are impoverished. Chaudhri Hirdai Narayan, a descendant of the elder branch, added largely to the family estates.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bengal District Gazetteers|volume=34|issue=1|page=159|year=1907|publisher=The Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRMmAQAAIAAJ&q=sursand+nepal}}</ref>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
During the 1857 Indian mutiny, the zamindars of Sursand assisted the British to suppress the movement. The zamindar of Sursand offered a reward of Rs30/- for each deserter seized.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tirhut (Muzaffarpur) in 1857 |url=http://www.bihartimes.com/newsbihar/2008/Aug/newsbihar04Aug1.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=bihartimes.com}}</ref>
 
==Geography==
==Gallery==
Sursand is located 20&nbsp;km from the district headquarters in [[Sitamarhi]].
[[File:Sursand sitamarhi.jpg|thumb|Famous pond in Sursand]]
===Nearby cities and towns===
 
'''West'''
[[File:Sursand Palace in Ruins.png|thumb|Sursand Palace in ruins]]
*Kunma (5.4&nbsp;nm)
 
*Bathnaha (7.2&nbsp;nm)
[[File:Sursand temple 2.jpg|thumb|A Hindu temple in Sursand]]
*[[Dumra, Sitamarhi district|Dumra]] (11.8&nbsp;nm)
 
'''North'''
*Pariharpur (4.4&nbsp;nm)
*Bela Muchhpakauni (9.0&nbsp;nm)
*Dhamaura (9.6&nbsp;nm)
*Sripur (13.3&nbsp;nm)
*[[Sonbarsa, Sitamarhi|Sonbarsa]] (14.0&nbsp;nm)
*Malangwa (15.3&nbsp;nm)
*Dhalkewar (18.5&nbsp;nm)
*[[Bijayalpura]] (19.5&nbsp;nm)
*Pachgachhiya (20.9&nbsp;nm)
'''East'''
* [[Jaleshwar|Jaleswar]] (4.6&nbsp;nm),
* [[Madhwapur]] (7.8&nbsp;nm),
* Sahar (10.0&nbsp;nm),
* [[Janakpur]] (11.1&nbsp;nm),
* Harlakhi (14.3&nbsp;nm),
*Khirhar (15.6&nbsp;nm)
'''South'''
* [[Choraut|Charaut]] (8.3&nbsp;nm),
* [[Bhitthamore]] (2.7&nbsp;nm/5KM)
* Dhanarhi (7&nbsp;nm)
===Other nearby places===
* 0.0&nbsp;nm W Sursand,
* 2.6&nbsp;nm NE Halkhori,
* 3.0&nbsp;nm N Sisawakataiya,
* 2.9&nbsp;nm E Nainhi,
* 3.4&nbsp;nm NE Bhatauliya,
* 3.8&nbsp;nm NE Ekadarabela,
* 3.6&nbsp;nm E Anakar dhanarhi
==Archaeological geography==
==Archaeological geography==
Sursand - in the outskirts of the modern town, the area locally known as Garh Devi Sthan shows a 3 m high circular mound at present covering about 2 acres of ground. Set in a mando grove, the antiquity of this locally sacred spot should go back to the Pala period.<ref>{{cite book|title=Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga|page=200|year=2001|publisher= Orient Blackswan|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OEZe-wAIiKIC&q=SURSAND&pg=PA200|isbn=9788178240169}}</ref>
In the outskirts of the modern town, the area locally known as Garh Devi Sthan has a three-metre high circular mound covering about two acres of ground.<ref>{{cite book|title=Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga|page=200|year=2001|publisher= Orient Blackswan|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OEZe-wAIiKIC&q=SURSAND&pg=PA200|isbn=9788178240169}}</ref>
 
Birakh - a tank associated with a small mound at this place lies a few kilometers to the east of Sursand. A defaced but well-decorated Vishnu image of c. eleventh century AD is in worship here below a tree.{{Where|date=August 2021}} A small image was reported stolen from this spot.{{According to whom|date=August 2021}}


Parihar - to the northwest of Sursand there is a large circular mound about 5 acres and about 5 m high which certainly goes back to the Pala period but seems to contain earlier evidence including [[micaceous]] [[black and red ware]].{{Fact or opinion|date=August 2021}}
==Notable people ==
==Transport==
Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra served as the Union Deputy Minister for Planning from 1954 to 1962.
[[National Highway 227 (India)|National Highway 227]] (previously NH 104) passes through Sursand. The highway is located near the [[India–Nepal border|India-Nepal border]], and has a border crossing near [[Bhitthamore]] (India) to Malibara, [[Jaleshwar]] (Nepal) with a [[Geography of Nepal#Border crossing|customs checkpoint]]. The nearest airport is [[Janakpur Airport]] approximately 16&nbsp;km from Sursand town but Janakpur is in [[Nepal]]. In India the nearest airport is [[Darbhanga Airport]] which is about 76 km (47 miles) away.
==Culture==
People speak [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Hindi]].


Major festivals are [[Eid-ul-Fitr]], [[Eid-ul-Adha]], [[Durgapuja]], [[Chhath]], [[Dipawali]], [[Holi]], [[Sama-Chakewa]], [[Jursital]], [[Chaurchan]], [[Rakshabandhan]], [[Ganesh Chaturthy]], etc.
== Schools and College ==
==Education==
[[Jawahar Lal Neharu Memorial College Nawahi, Sitamarhi|Jawahar Lal Neharu Memorial College, Nawahi, Sitamarhi]]
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial College, Barahi (Sursand), affiliated to [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]].
*
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jawahar Nagar, P O Sutihara Via Sursand.
*
*


The oldest High school for boys is Saryu High School, Sursand and for girls there are two high schools Shahi High School and Kamaldas Girls High School. These schools are up to +2 level with Science, Arts, Commerce and many others stream. And there are several Primary and Middle schools are also as well as for religion - schools like ''maqtab''for Muslim students are also available. Darul Ullom Madarsa Nizamia and Darul Ullom Madarsa Rizwania are there for Arabic, Persian and Urdu languages.
==Famous people==
*Maharani Kunwar: In 1870 A.D. Maharani Kunwar of Sursand (Bihar) made this Ghat. Earlier it was known as "Nagamber ghat".After picca Constructions it is known as Janaki Ghat. It has a little Religious importance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaenszle |first=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMJMNvvpEuYC&pg=PA206 |title=Visualizing Space in Banaras: Images, Maps, and the Practice of Representation |last2=Gengnagel |first2=J. |publisher=Isd |year=2006 |isbn=978-3-447-05187-3 |series=Ethno-Indology |page=206 |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
*Sir [[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]] (born 18 April 1901) was one of the scions of zamindars of Sursand.<ref>{{cite book | last=Dixit | first=K.M. | last2=Ramachandran | first2=S. | title=State of Nepal | publisher=Himal Books | year=2002 | isbn=978-99933-1-322-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3NuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=16 August 2021 | page=}}</ref> Sir CPN Singh was India's first ambassador to Nepal during fifties and later an ambassador to Japan (from 1958) and also the second Governor of Punjab in 1953 and then governor of Uttar Pradesh from 1980 to 1985.
*[[Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra]] (Born October 1920) served as the Union Deputy Minister for Planning from 1954 to 1962.
*Kumudini Devi (Born 1932) received National Award in 1971 <ref>http://www.craftrevival.org/Ahtml/Awards/002504.htm About Kumudini Devi{{Dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref> for Sikki arts. She was initiated into the craft by her mother and grandmother. She was the Organizer of Sikki Procurement Centre Vill PO Sursand, Sitamari Muzaffarpur. Kumidini Devi have brought name and fame to Mithila for their Sikki arts. The feminist film-maker Nalini Singh had documented Kumudini Devi work.<ref>Indian women: A study of their role in the handicrafts and dairying sectors by Viji Srinivasan, 1993, Page 51-58</ref> Sursand had been a sikki center of excellence during the 1970s. However Sikki handicraft at sursand failed late because of the severe weakness of production and marketing.
*[[Nalini Singh]] (born 17 February 1945), an Indian journalist is from Sursand.<ref>http://www.afaqs.com/perl/media/story.html?sid=5816_Nalini+Singh+eyes+new+C&S+market+with+Nepal+1 Nalini Singh eyes new C&S market with Nepal 1{{Dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref> She has been the anchor for several current affairs programs on Doordarshan, and is most known for her program, 'Aankhon Dekhi', on investigative journalism.
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Sursand-67102.htm About Sursand]
*[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Sursand-67102.htm About Sursand]
*[http://www.maplandia.com/india/bihar/sitamarhi/sursand/ Satellite map of Sursand]
*[http://www.maplandia.com/india/bihar/sitamarhi/sursand/ Satellite map of Sursand]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=LRMmAQAAIAAJ&dq=sursand+nepal&source=gbs_navlinks_s Bengal district gazetteers 1901]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=LRMmAQAAIAAJ&q=sursand+nepal Bengal district gazetteers 1901]
 
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Transit and customs posts along the India–Nepal border]]
[[Category:Transit and customs posts along the India–Nepal border]]

Latest revision as of 09:01, 16 March 2026


Sursand
Town
An ancient temple locally known as Choraut Mandir in Sursand
An ancient temple locally known as Choraut Mandir in Sursand
Sursand is located in Bihar
Sursand
Sursand
Location in Bihar, India
Coordinates: 26°39′0″N 85°43′0″E / 26.65000°N 85.71667°E / 26.65000; 85.71667
Country India
StateBihar
RegionMithila
DistrictSitamarhi
Government
 • TypeNagar Panchayat
Elevation
[1]
55 m (180 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total29,688
Languages
 • OfficialMaithili, Hindi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationBR-30
Coastline0 kilometres (0 mi)
See also: Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir, Swarna Rani Mandir, Sursand, and Mithilapuri Jain Teerth

Sursand is an Indian town in the Mithila region of Bihar near the Indo-Nepal border. It was previously the capital of the Sursand Raj in the region. It is about 25 Km to the east of Sitamarhi, the district headquarters, and approximately 5 Km to the west of Bhitthamore.[2]

History[edit | edit source]

The village has the ruins of a fortress known as Sursandgarh, which was constructed during the Mughal period by King Sursen.[3]

According to an account published in the Bengal District Gazetteers,

The name of the place is said to be derived from Sur Sen, a chieftain who once lived there. After his death, it lapsed once more into jungle, until it was reclaimed by two brothers—Mahesh Jha and Amar Jha, the founders of the present Sursand family. These brothers, the story runs, left their home at Ghograha, in the district of Darbhanga, and came to settle at Jadupati, a village belonging to them, 8 miles from Sursand. One day Mahesh Jha went with his astrologer to hunt in the woods at Sursand, and came across the ruins of Sur Sen's fort. The astrologer having told him that the man who made a home there would be a Raja, Mahesh Jha acted on his advice and cleared the jungle. The several branches of the Sursand family sprang from his son, Chaudhri Kelwal Krishna. Amar Jha's branch did not prosper, and his descendants are impoverished. Chaudhri Hirdai Narayan, a descendant of the elder branch, added largely to the family estates.[4]

Gallery[edit | edit source]

Famous pond in Sursand
Sursand Palace in ruins
A Hindu temple in Sursand

Archaeological geography[edit | edit source]

In the outskirts of the modern town, the area locally known as Garh Devi Sthan has a three-metre high circular mound covering about two acres of ground.[5]

Notable people[edit | edit source]

Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra served as the Union Deputy Minister for Planning from 1954 to 1962.

Schools and College[edit | edit source]

Jawahar Lal Neharu Memorial College, Nawahi, Sitamarhi

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sursand, India". Falling Rain. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  2. ↑ "Sursand News, Sursand की ताज़ा ख़बर, Sursand हिंदी न्यूज़ page1". Hindustan (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  3. ↑ Mandal, R. B. (1989). Systems of rural settlements in developing countries. Concept Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 9788170222033. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  4. ↑ Bengal District Gazetteers. Vol. 34. The Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt. 1907. p. 159.
  5. ↑ Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga. Orient Blackswan. 2001. p. 200. ISBN 9788178240169.

External links[edit | edit source]

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sursand&oldid=460651"
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