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{{Short description|River in Odisha, India}} | {{Short description|River in Odisha, India}} | ||
{{For| | {{For|tributary of Dwarka in Ganga Basin with same name|Brahmani River (Dwarka)}} | ||
{{Infobox river | {{Infobox river | ||
| name = Brahmani River | | name = Brahmani River | ||
| | | native_name = {{native name|or|ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ}} | ||
| | | native_name_lang = | ||
| name_other = | | name_other = | ||
| name_etymology = | | name_etymology = | ||
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| pushpin_map_size = | | pushpin_map_size = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption= | | pushpin_map_caption= | ||
<! | <!-- LOCATION --> | ||
| subdivision_type1 = Country | | subdivision_type1 = Country | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[India]] | ||
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| subdivision_name5 = | | subdivision_name5 = | ||
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | ||
| length = | | length = {{convert|799|km|0|abbr=on}} | ||
| width_min = | | width_min = | ||
| width_avg = | | width_avg = | ||
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| progression = | | progression = | ||
| river_system = | | river_system = | ||
| | | basin_size_km2 = 39033 | ||
| tributaries_left = | | tributaries_left = [[Kharasrota River]] | ||
| tributaries_right = | | tributaries_right = | ||
| custom_label = | | custom_label = | ||
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[[Image:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]] | [[Image:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Brahmani River System Map (top)]] | ||
The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]], [[Angul district|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |title= | The '''Brahmani''' is a major [[seasonal]] river in the [[Odisha]] state of eastern [[India]]. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the [[Sankh River|Sankh]] and [[South Koel River|South Koel]] rivers, and flows through the districts of [[Sundargarh district|Sundargarh]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]], [[Angul district|Angul]], [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]], [[Jajpur district|Jajapur]] and [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |title=Brahmani River in India |access-date=2008-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713102321/https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Brahmani-River-20953.htm |archive-date=2019-07-13 }}</ref> Also the South Koel can be considered as the upper reaches of the Brahmani.<ref>{{cite book |author=V.K. Dadhwal |display-authors=etal |url=https://indiawris.gov.in/downloads/Brahmani%20and%20Baitarni%20Basin.pdf |title=Brahmani and Baitarni Basin |date=2014 |publisher=Central Water Commission, National Remote Sensing Center |page=12 |version=Version 2.0}}</ref> Together with the river [[Baitarani River|Baitarani]], Brahmani forms a large delta before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] at Dhamra. It is the second widest river in [[Odisha]] after [[Mahanadi]]. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif</ref> | The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of [[Rourkela]] at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the [[Jharkhand]]-[[Chhattisgarh]] border, not far from the [[Netarhat]] Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near [[Lohardaga]], on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the [[Damodar River]]. Both of these sources are in the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage [[Parashara]] fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, [[Satyavati]] who later gave birth to [[Ved Vyasa]], the compiler of the [[Mahabharata]]. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_016.gif|title = Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 9, page 10 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library}}</ref> | ||
[[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png|thumb|right|220px|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]] | [[Image:Koel river Jaraikela Orissa.png|thumb|right|220px|South Koel river near Jaraikela, Orissa. One of the two tributaries of Brahmani River]] | ||
After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It then flows through the | After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along [[National Highway 23]]. It then passes the town of [[Bonaigarh]] in [[Sundargarh district]] before being dammed at Rengali in [[Anugul]] district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It is then joined from the right by the Tikira (Tikra) and the Singadajore. It then flows through the town of [[Talcher]] before being joined from the right by the [[Nigra (Brahmani)|Nigra]]. It flows past the town of [[Dhenkanal, India|Dhenkanal]] before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of [[Jajpur]] Road beyond which it is crossed by [[National Highway 16]] and the [[Kolkata]]-[[Chennai]] mainline of [[East Coast Railway]]. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the [[Birupa]] (a distributary of the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]], Kelua and Genguti before rejoining the main stream at Indupur). It then flows crisscrossing through [[Pattamundai]]. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the [[Dhamra river|Dhamra estuary]]. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near [[Chandbali]] at [[Palmyras Point]]. The Brahmani delta is the site of the [[Bhitarkanika]] wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine [[crocodile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/#lat=20.5569383&lon=86.7305374&z=11&l=0&m=a&v=2|title = Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha Rivers Profile |date=20 May 2017 |publisher=South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP) |url=https://sandrp.in/2017/05/20/odisha-rivers-profile/ }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg|thumb|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]] | [[File:Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in Pattamundai along SH-9A.jpg|thumb|Patrapur Bridge on Brahmani River in [[Pattamundai]] along SH-9A]] | ||
==Length and catchment== | ==Length and catchment== | ||
At about {{convert|480|km|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included its length extends to about {{convert|799|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|541|km|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert|39033|km2|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River</ref> | At about {{convert|480|km|mi}} long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the [[Mahanadi river|Mahanadi]]. However, if its constituent rivers are included, its length extends to about {{convert|799|km|mi}}, of which {{convert|541|km|mi}} are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about {{convert|39033|km2|mi2}} in Odisha alone.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title = Brahmani River |encyclopedia=Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/77140/Brahmani-River}}</ref> | ||
==Irrigation projects== | ==Irrigation projects== | ||
Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta|mouth]], the river is also | [[File:Mahanadi.jpg|thumb|Map of the Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers]] | ||
Apart from the [[Rengali dam]] mentioned above, there also exists a [[barrage (dam)|barrage]] shortly before [[Talcher]] called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur [[anicut]]s are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its [[River delta|mouth]], the river is also integrated with the Odisha Coast Canal of the East Coast Canal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Waterways in Odisha: a new wave of Ecological Destruction |publisher=Manthan Adhyayan Kendra |location=[[Barwani|Badwani, Madhya Pradesh]] |url=https://www.manthan-india.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Waterways-English.pdf }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 88: | ||
[[Category:Rivers of Odisha]] | [[Category:Rivers of Odisha]] | ||
[[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]] | [[Category:Tributaries of the Mahanadi River]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:32, 2 January 2026
| Brahmani River | |
|---|---|
| Native name | ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣୀ ନଦୀ (Odia) |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Odisha |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Confluence of South Koel River and Sankh River |
| • coordinates | 22°14′45″N 84°47′02″E / 22.24583°N 84.78389°E |
| Mouth | Bay of Bengal |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 799 km (496 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Kharasrota River |
The Brahmani is a major seasonal river in the Odisha state of eastern India. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the Sankh and South Koel rivers, and flows through the districts of Sundargarh, Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Cuttack, Jajapur and Kendrapara.[1] Also the South Koel can be considered as the upper reaches of the Brahmani.[2] Together with the river Baitarani, Brahmani forms a large delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Dhamra. It is the second widest river in Odisha after Mahanadi.
Sources[edit | edit source]
The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the rivers South Koel and Sankh near the major industrial town of Rourkela at 22 15'N and 84 47' E. The Sankh has its origins near the Jharkhand-Chhattisgarh border, not far from the Netarhat Plateau. The South Koel too arises in Jharkhand, near Lohardaga, on the other side of a watershed that also gives rise to the Damodar River. Both of these sources are in the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The site of the Brahmani's origin is mythologically reputed to be the place where Sage Parashara fell in love with the fisherman's daughter, Satyavati who later gave birth to Ved Vyasa, the compiler of the Mahabharata. The place is thus called Ved Vyasa.[3]
After assuming the name of Brahmani, the river crosses the Tamra and Jharbera forests, skirting along National Highway 23. It then passes the town of Bonaigarh in Sundargarh district before being dammed at Rengali in Anugul district. A large reservoir of the same name is created as a consequence. It is then joined from the right by the Tikira (Tikra) and the Singadajore. It then flows through the town of Talcher before being joined from the right by the Nigra. It flows past the town of Dhenkanal before splitting up into two streams. The main stream flows by the town of Jajpur Road beyond which it is crossed by National Highway 16 and the Kolkata-Chennai mainline of East Coast Railway. The branch stream called Kimiria receives the waters of the Birupa (a distributary of the Mahanadi, Kelua and Genguti before rejoining the main stream at Indupur). It then flows crisscrossing through Pattamundai. The river then receives the Kharsuan, on its left bank before merging with the Baitarani, a major river, to form the Dhamra estuary. A distributary called Maipara branches off here to join the Bay of Bengal a short distance away while the main stream proceeds northward for a few km more before ultimately meeting the sea near Chandbali at Palmyras Point. The Brahmani delta is the site of the Bhitarkanika wildlife sanctuary, famous for its estuarine crocodiles.[4][5]
Length and catchment[edit | edit source]
At about 480 kilometres (300 mi) long, the Brahmani is the second longest river in Odisha after the Mahanadi. However, if its constituent rivers are included, its length extends to about 799 kilometres (496 mi), of which 541 kilometres (336 mi) are in Odisha. It has a catchment area of about 39,033 square kilometres (15,071 sq mi) in Odisha alone.[6]
Irrigation projects[edit | edit source]
Apart from the Rengali dam mentioned above, there also exists a barrage shortly before Talcher called Samal Barrage. The Jokadia and the Jenapur anicuts are the other irrigation projects on the river. Near its mouth, the river is also integrated with the Odisha Coast Canal of the East Coast Canal.[7]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Brahmani River in India". Archived from the original on 2019-07-13. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ↑ V.K. Dadhwal; et al. (2014). Brahmani and Baitarni Basin (PDF). Version 2.0. Central Water Commission, National Remote Sensing Center. p. 12.
- ↑ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 9, page 10 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library".
- ↑ "Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!".
- ↑ "Odisha Rivers Profile". South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP). 20 May 2017.
- ↑ "Brahmani River". Britannica.
- ↑ "National Waterways in Odisha: a new wave of Ecological Destruction" (PDF). Badwani, Madhya Pradesh: Manthan Adhyayan Kendra.
