Andrew Lee (entrepreneur): Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Korean-American entrepreneur}}
{{Short description|American entrepreneur}}
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Andrew Lee
| name = Andrew S. Lee
| title        = Crown Prince of [[Korean Empire|Korea]] '''(disputed)'''
| image = AndrewLee 5207 03.jpg
| reign       = October 2018 – present
| birth_place = [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]], United States
| birth_place  = [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]], United States
| spouse = Nana Lee (maiden name unknown)
| spouse      = Princess Nana Lee
| house = [[House of Yi|Yi]]
| house        = [[House of Yi]]
| father = Jay Lee (born in [[Jeonju]])
| signature = File:Andrew Lee (Latin) signature.svg
| caption = Lee in 2011
| succession = Head of the [[House of Yi]] <br /> (disputed)
| reign = 2021 or 2022{{efn|According to archives of Yi Seok's website, he [[abdicated]] to Andrew Lee some time between the 9th of December 2021 and the 17th of January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Imperial Family of Korea |url=https://imperialfamily.kr/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117050015/https://imperialfamily.kr/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-01-17 |access-date=2025-02-20 }}</ref>}}&nbsp;– present
| succession2 = Sovereign{{efn|Andrew Lee, unlike his predecessor, does not style himself as an emperor, but rather as a king. This is despite the use of the term "Joseon Empire",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Code Of National Governance |url=https://www.joseon.com/l/en-US/about/code-of-national-governance |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Joseon |language=en}}</ref> a historiographically incorrect term which should have been either the [[Joseon|Kingdom of Joseon]] or [[Korean Empire]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medieval and Early Modern History |url=https://www.museum.go.kr/ENG/ |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=Korean Empire |language=en}}</ref> }} of the {{Infobox website
|embed=yes
| name = [[Joseon Cybernation]]
| url = {{URL|https://www.joseon.com}} (English) <br> {{URL|https://joseon.cloud}} (Korean)
}}
| reign2 = 2023&nbsp;– present
| predecessor = [[Yi Seok]]
| module = {{Listen voice|embed=yes|filename=AndrewLee_2mins.ogg
|title=Andrew Lee's voice
|type=speech
|description= Andrew Lee talking about [[Mt. Gox]] Live
|recorded = 10 August 2011
}}
}}
}}


{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
'''Andrew S.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2026-02-28|date=2013-10-02 |title=Notice of change of registered office or registered agent |url=https://bsd.sos.in.gov/PublicBusinessSearch/GetBOSFilingDocuments?FilingNo=4679929&BusinessID=829286 |publisher=Indiana Government}}</ref> Lee''' (born December 1983)<ref name="CompaniesHouse2017">{{Cite web|title=Appointment of Director|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10308021/filing-history/MzE3MzI2MDg2NWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0|access-date=2021-05-20|date=2017-04-11|publisher=[[Companies House]]}}</ref> is an American entrepreneur and the founder of the [[VPN]] service [[Private Internet Access]], which started in 2010. Lee has been the self-proclaimed King of the non-territorial [[Joseon Cybernation]], [[Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda|recognized]] by [[Antigua and Barbuda]] as the [[successor state]] to [[Joseon]] and the [[Korean Empire]] in 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseon |url=https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf |access-date=2024-08-25 |website= GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209185244/https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jordan">{{Cite web |last=jordan |date=2023-07-08 |title=Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Cyberstate |url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-and-barbuda-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-cyberstate/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Antigua News Room |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Experimenting with all forms of our sovereignty': Hurst likens Joseon deal to CIP |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/experimenting-with-all-forms-of-our-sovereignty-hurst-likens-joseon-deal-to-cip/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Antigua Observer Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref>, and he is, in media, known as "Crown Prince of [[South Korea|Korea]]" after being adopted by [[Yi Seok]], a grandson of Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]].
'''Andrew Lee''' (born December 1983)<ref name="CompaniesHouse2017">{{Cite web|title=Appointment of Director|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10308021/filing-history/MzE3MzI2MDg2NWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0|access-date=2021-05-20|date=2017-04-11|publisher=[[Companies House]]}}</ref> is a Korean-American entrepreneur. He is the founder of the [[VPN]] service [[Private Internet Access]], which started in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/|title=Californian techie becomes Korean crown prince in fairytale twist|first=Nicola|last=Smith|date=2018-12-29|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085650/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/}}</ref> He is the heir to [[Yi Seok]], who in turn is claimed by some to be the heir of the [[House of Yi|former Korean monarchy]].<ref name="Tai2018" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-01-19 |title=Prince hopes to bring monarchy back to S.Korea |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-life-korea-prince-idUSSEO16222220061106 |access-date=2023-02-23}}</ref>


{{Infobox Korean name|hangul={{linktext|리| 앤드류}}|rr=Lee Aendeuryu|mr=Lee Aendŭryu}}
==Early life and education==
Andrew Lee was born in Indianapolis and raised in [[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]], a city in the Indianapolis metro area.<ref name="Warren2020">{{cite news|last=Warren|first=Katie|date=2020-12-14|title=A South Korean royal couple just dropped $12.6 million on a sprawling southern California estate. Take a look at the lavish 20-acre property.|work=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]|url=https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519153322/https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Tai2018">{{cite news|last=Tai|first=Crystal|date=2018-12-02|title=This is no K-drama: the fresh prince of South Korea is real royalty, and he's American|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|publisher=[[Alibaba Group]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326052950/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|archive-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> He is the son of Jay Lee, a South Korean immigrant that was born in [[Jeonju]].<ref>{{Cite press release |last=Korea |first=The Imperial Family of |title=Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/andrew-lee-named-new-korean-crown-prince-300731986.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince |url=https://www.streetinsider.com/Press+Releases/Andrew+Lee+Named+New+Korean+Crown+Prince/14710075.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=StreetInsider.com |language=en}}</ref> According to a soj.ooO comment Andrew Lee made, his parents "had nearly nothing when they came to the United States" and made sacrifices for him and his brother.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comment on Joseon is absolute pacifism. by dangun |url=https://soj.ooo/p/joseon/post/f69d77123f534aa1124d3ae3baf8283a/comment/122176 |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=soj.ooO |language=en}}</ref> He enrolled in [[Purdue University]] and transferred to the [[University at Buffalo]], but later dropped out to start working.<ref name="Tai2018" />


==Career==
==Career==
{{see also|Freenode#Ownership change and conflict}}
In 2009, Lee founded [[London Trust Media]] (LTM), a private holdings company. In 2010, he founded [[Private Internet Access]] (PIA), a [[virtual private network]] service for anonymizing Internet traffic.<ref name="Eha2017">{{cite book|last=Eha|first=Brian Patrick|date=2017-04-06|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|chapter=The Gray Hat|isbn=9781780746593|title=How Money Got Free: Bitcoin and the Fight for the Future of Finance}}</ref> He claimed to have started PIA because of his interest in [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC), whose users' [[IP address]]es could be easily revealed, but only after the [[Freenode]] purchase.<ref name="Searls2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|title=The Fight for Control: Andrew Lee on Open-Sourcing PIA|last=Searls|first=Doc|date=2018-05-30|website=[[Linux Journal]]|publisher=Linux Journal, LLC|archive-date=2021-05-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085651/https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> Lee and co-owner Steve DeProspero sold LTM (and its subsidiary PIA) to Israeli company [[Kape Technologies]] for US$95.5 million in November 2019.<ref name="FT2019">{{cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|title=Proposed acquisition of Private Internet Access|date=2019-11-19|agency=[[Regulatory News Service]]|work=[[Financial Times]]|publisher=[[Nikkei, Inc.]]|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110115809/https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Globes2019">{{cite news|work=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]]|title=Teddy Sagi's Kape buying US digital privacy co LTMI|date=2019-11-19|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-05-28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528134329/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786}}</ref> Lee co-founded Mt. Gox Live, a [[bitcoin]] price tracker that was later acquired by the now-defunct [[bitcoin exchange]] [[Mt. Gox]].<ref name="Gnome2013">{{cite web|title=Interview with Andrew Lee of Private Internet Access|publisher=[[GNOME Foundation]]|date=2013-09-23|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519175310/https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref>
In 2009, Lee founded [[London Trust Media]] (LTM), a private holdings company. In 2010, he founded [[Private Internet Access]] (PIA), a [[virtual private network]] service for anonymizing Internet traffic.<ref name="Eha2017">{{cite book|last=Eha|first=Brian Patrick|date=2017-04-06|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|chapter=The Gray Hat|isbn=9781780746593|title=How Money Got Free: Bitcoin and the Fight for the Future of Finance}}</ref> He claimed to have started PIA because of his interest in [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC), whose users' [[IP address]]es could be easily revealed, but only after the [[Freenode]] purchase.<ref name="Searls2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|title=The Fight for Control: Andrew Lee on Open-Sourcing PIA|last=Searls|first=Doc|date=2018-05-30|website=[[Linux Journal]]|publisher=Linux Journal, LLC|archive-date=2021-05-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085651/https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> Lee and co-owner Steve DeProspero sold LTM (and its subsidiary PIA) to Israeli company [[Kape Technologies]] for US$95.5 million in November 2019.<ref name="FT2019">{{cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|title=Proposed acquisition of Private Internet Access|date=2019-11-19|agency=[[Regulatory News Service]]|work=[[Financial Times]]|publisher=[[Nikkei, Inc.]]|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110115809/https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Globes2019">{{cite news|work=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]]|title=Teddy Sagi's Kape buying US digital privacy co LTMI|date=2019-11-19|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-05-28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528134329/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786}}</ref> Lee co-founded Mt. Gox Live, a [[bitcoin]] price tracker that was later acquired by the now-defunct [[bitcoin exchange]] [[Mt. Gox]].<ref name="Gnome2013">{{cite web|title=Interview with Andrew Lee of Private Internet Access|publisher=[[GNOME Foundation]]|date=2013-09-23|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519175310/https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref>


In 2017, Christel Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at [[Freenode]], incorporated and transferred ownership of Freenode Limited to Lee;<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIA and freenode joining forces - freenode|url=https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054257/https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|archive-date=20 May 2021|access-date=23 November 2019|website=freenode.net}}</ref> Dahlskjaer and Lee said the company was solely for funding the network and running the Freenode #live conferences.<ref name="vice">{{Cite web|last=Franceschi-Bicchierai|first=Lorenzo|date=19 May 2021|title=Developers Flee Open Source Project After 'Takeover' By Korean Crown Prince|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7ev8y/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519190257/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7ev8y/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover|archive-date=19 May 2021|access-date=19 May 2021|website=[[Vice (website)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="hackaday20212">{{Cite news|last=Nardi|first=Tom|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode debacle prompts staff exodus, new network|work=[[Hackaday]]|url=https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520140204/https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|archive-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> According to staff, they were not informed of the contents of the deal and were told that it would not affect Freenode's day-to-day operations, as the company only managed the conference and nothing else.<ref name="hackaday20212" /><ref name="register2021">{{Cite news|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode IRC staff resign en masse, unhappy about new management|work=[[The Register]]|url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043242/https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|archive-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> A dispute over changes Lee imposed in 2021 resulted in all of Freenode's 20 to 30 staff members resigning.<ref name="vice" /><ref name="hackaday20212" /> This team went on to form a new network called [[Libera Chat]].<ref name="vice" />
In 2017, Christel Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at [[Freenode]], incorporated and transferred ownership of Freenode Limited to Lee;<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIA and freenode joining forces - freenode|url=https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054257/https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|archive-date=20 May 2021|access-date=23 November 2019|website=freenode.net}}</ref> Dahlskjaer and Lee said the company was solely for funding the network and running the Freenode #live conferences.<ref name="vice">{{Cite web|last=Franceschi-Bicchierai|first=Lorenzo|date=19 May 2021|title=Developers Flee Open Source Project After 'Takeover' By Korean Crown Prince|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519190257/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7ev8y/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover|archive-date=19 May 2021|access-date=19 May 2021|website=[[Vice (website)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="hackaday20212">{{Cite news|last=Nardi|first=Tom|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode debacle prompts staff exodus, new network|work=[[Hackaday]]|url=https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520140204/https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|archive-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> According to staff, they were not informed of the contents of the deal and were told that it would not affect Freenode's day-to-day operations, as the company only managed the conference and nothing else.<ref name="hackaday20212" /><ref name="register2021">{{Cite news|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode IRC staff resign en masse, unhappy about new management|work=[[The Register]]|url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043242/https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|archive-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> A dispute over changes Lee imposed in 2021 resulted in all of Freenode's 20 to 30 staff members resigning.<ref name="vice" /><ref name="hackaday20212" /> This team went on to form a new network called [[Libera Chat]].<ref name="vice" />
 
In present day, Lee's holding company, Imperial Family Companies, continues to own [[freenode]], [[Legacy Fighting Alliance]],<ref name="prnewswire_lfa">{{cite web|title="LFA Joins London Trust Media Holdings Group"|publisher=PR Newswire|date=2018-05-22|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lfa-joins-london-trust-media-holdings-group-300653128.html}}</ref><ref name="lfa152">{{cite web|title="LFA BRINGS INTERNATIONAL MIDDLEWEIGHT SHOWDOWN TO THE SOONER STATE AT LFA 152"|publisher=Legacy Fighting Alliance|date=2023-01-11|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.lfa.com/lfa152news/
}}</ref> Chime TV<ref name="goldentv_merge">{{cite web|title=Imperial Family Companies and Society 1 Announce Historic Merger, Joining Forces of Character Media and ChimeTV to Form Golden TV, North America's Premier Asian Media Conglomerate |publisher=Business Wire|date=2024-02-08|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240208851046/en/Imperial-Family-Companies-and-Society-1-Announce-Historic-Merger-Joining-Forces-of-Character-Media-and-ChimeTV-to-Form-Golden-TV-North-Americas-Premier-Asian-Media-Conglomerate
}}</ref> and others.
 
==Later ventures==
{{main|Joseon Cybernation}}
 
[[File:Antigua and Barbuda media statement on the Joseon Cybernation.pdf|thumb|Media statement from the office of [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] acknowledging recognition of the Joseon Cybernation.]]
According to Andrew Lee, Won Joon Lee, one of his distant relatives and grandson of a keeper of the [[House of Yi]] lineage, said that their clan was descended from Korean royalty; as the result, he was introduced to [[Yi Seok]], a grandson of Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]]. Yi Seok is known as an active pretender to the former monarchy, but he has no male offspring, and he proposed adopting Andrew Lee as his heir, which Andrew was initially reluctant.<ref name=yang>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-andrew-lee-became-the-crown-prince-of-koreaand-made-a-digital-kingdom |title=The Fresh Prince of Joseon: How a Crypto Mogul Became a Korean Royal Heir—and Formed a Digital Kingdom |first=Jeff |last=Yang |date=2024-02-03 |work=The Daily Beast |url-status=live|archive-date=2024-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215094139/https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-andrew-lee-became-the-crown-prince-of-koreaand-made-a-digital-kingdom }}</ref> Regarding Andrew Lee's ancestry, Yi Seok has only stated that he was a descendant of [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=The Korea Daily Digital |date=2023-04-12 |title=Interview with the Emperor Gojong's direct descendant Lee Seok |url=https://www.koreadailyus.com/interview-with-the-emperor-gojongs-direct-descendant-lee-seok/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=The Korea Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> keeping said ancestry vague.{{efn|[[ETtoday]] suggests a potential blood relation via "similar facial structures between Lee and the [[Gwangmu Emperor]]",<ref>{{Cite web |last=ETtoday新聞雲 |date=2020-12-06 |title=永遠的君主！南韓「皇太孫」霸氣買下加州1260萬美元豪華泳池別墅 {{!}} ETtoday房產雲 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://house.ettoday.net/news/1869557 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=house.ettoday.net |language=zh-Hant}}</ref> however it is unknown where this information surfaced from or whether if this information is correct.}} In October 2018, Seok declared Andrew the crown prince of Korea at a ceremony in [[Los Angeles]], attended by [[Premier of Bermuda|Bermuda premier]] [[Edward David Burt|David Burt]], and city officials from Los Angeles and [[Jeonju]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/3124523/real-life-k-drama-how-did-andrew-lee-go-tech|title=Real life K-drama: how did Andrew Lee go from tech entrepreneur to crown prince of Korea? Before he was named 'nominal emperor' Yi Seok's successor, he founded VPN service Private Internet Access – and made millions|first=Ken|last=Mendoza|date=2021-03-08|access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/|title=Californian techie becomes Korean crown prince in fairytale twist|first=Nicola|last=Smith|date=2018-12-29|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085650/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/}}</ref><ref name="Chung2018">{{cite news|last=Chung|first=Monica Younsoo|date=2018-10-27|title=Andrew Lee, the Prince of Korea plans launching Imperial Fund to invest for Korean small businesses|newspaper=[[Korea IT Times]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519193138/http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895}}</ref> Andrew Lee later took over Yi Seok's status as the claimant to the Joseon throne in 2022. By March 2022, Lee announced the founding of a "non-territorial successor state to the Joseon Empire", a cloud-based, blockchain-backed kingdom with himself as its ruler.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=The Royal Observer |date=2023-05-09 |title=A New Era of Royalty: Harnessing the Power of Sovereignty for Positive Change |url=https://www.theroyalobserver.com/p/new-era-royalty-harnessing-power-sovereigntyr-positive-change |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Royal Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
In June 2023, the government of [[Antigua and Barbuda]] released a statement establishing diplomatic relations with the "Joseon Cybernation".<ref name=yang /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseon |url=https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf |access-date=2024-08-25 |website= GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209185244/https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jordan"/> As of July 2023, the son of Antiguan [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda|Prime Minister]] [[Gaston Browne]] served as Joseon's "Vice Minister of State".<ref name="l195">{{cite web | last=Emmanuel | first=Robert | title=The digital dynasty: Joseon PM speaks about benefits to country | website=Antigua Observer Newspaper | date=2023-07-13 | url=https://antiguaobserver.com/the-digital-dynasty-joseon-pm-speaks-about-benefits-to-country/ | access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> It has also been reported that [[cryptocurrency]] proponents [[Roger Ver]] and [[Mark Karpelès]] received the title of "[[duke]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomlin |first=Bennett |date=2023-12-19 |title=Duke Roger Ver becomes finance minister for Joseon |url=https://protos.com/duke-roger-ver-becomes-finance-minister-for-joseon/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Protos |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
On 27 July 2025, Andrew Lee launched a new VPN service called VP.net.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Chiara Castro |date=2025-07-22 |title=Forget no-log claims – this new VPN promises its tech can never reveal your identity, even if it wanted to |url=https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-services/forget-no-log-claims-this-new-vpn-promises-its-tech-can-never-reveal-your-identity-even-if-it-wanted-to |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=TechRadar |language=en}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Andrew Lee was born in Indianapolis and raised in [[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]], a city in the Indianapolis metro area.<ref name="Warren2020">{{cite news|last=Warren|first=Katie|date=2020-12-14|title=A South Korean royal couple just dropped $12.6 million on a sprawling southern California estate. Take a look at the lavish 20-acre property.|work=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]|url=https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519153322/https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Tai2018">{{cite news|last=Tai|first=Crystal|date=2018-12-02|title=This is no K-drama: the fresh prince of South Korea is real royalty, and he's American|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|publisher=[[Alibaba Group]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326052950/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|archive-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> He enrolled in [[Purdue University]] and transferred to the [[University at Buffalo]], but later dropped out to start working.<ref name="Tai2018" />
In 2020, Lee and his family moved to a mansion in [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California]].<ref name="Warren2020" /><ref name="Flemming2020">{{cite news|last=Flemming|first=Jack|date=2020-12-01|title=South Korean royals shell out $12.6 million for a Thousand Oaks palace|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217123136/https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million}}</ref>


In October 2018, [[Yi Seok]], a member of the [[House of Yi]] and one of the [[pretender]]s to the defunct [[Emperor of Korea|imperial throne of Korea]], declared Lee the crown prince of Korea at a ceremony in [[Los Angeles]], attended by [[Premier of Bermuda|Bermuda premier]] [[Edward David Burt|David Burt]], and city officials from Los Angeles and [[Jeonju]].<ref name="Tai2018" /><ref name="Chung2018">{{cite news|last=Chung|first=Monica Younsoo|date=2018-10-27|title=Andrew Lee, the Prince of Korea plans launching Imperial Fund to invest for Korean small businesses|newspaper=[[Korea IT Times]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519193138/http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895}}</ref>
In the afternoon of 18 November 2022, [[J-Money (rapper)|J-Money]], driving a [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (seventh generation)|Rolls-Royce Phantom]] registered to Andrew Lee, was shot and robbed by 2 men in [[Koreatown, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allah |first=Sha Be |date=2022-11-21 |title=The Source {{!}}ATL Rapper J Money Shot And Robbed While In Korean Prince's Rolls Royce |url=https://thesource.com/2022/11/21/atl-rapper-j-money-shot-and-robbed-while-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Source |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nevares |first=Gabriel Bras |date=2022-11-20 |title=J Money Shot And Robbed In Korean Prince's Rolls-Royce |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/451871-j-money-shot-and-robbed-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=앤드루 이, 총격 피해 래퍼와 음원 발매 |url=https://news.koreadaily.com/2022/11/21/society/generalsociety/20221121202212393.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Koreadaily - 미주중앙일보 |language=ko}}</ref> As of February 2023, the perpetrators have not been identified.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man shot and robbed of Rolex, jewelry near Koreatown; victim's Rolls-Royce linked to Korean prince |url=https://abc7.com/koreatown-shooting-rolex-robbery-jewelry-theft/12470625/ |access-date=November 19, 2022 |work=[[KABC-TV|ABC7]] |date=November 19, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Andrew Lee, under the rapper name KingLee,<ref name=yang /> has collaborated with J-Money on multiple occasions, including an appearance on J-Money's album titled "Dun It All".<ref>{{Cite web |last=bawintern1 |date=2025-07-07 |title=MFT: J Money Recalls Meeting His "Korean Twin" Andrew Lee |url=https://blackamericaweb.com/2025/07/07/j-money-my-first-time-meeting-andrew-lee-korea-prince/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Black America Web |language=en-US}}</ref>


In 2020, Lee and his family moved to a mansion in [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California]].<ref name="Warren2020" /><ref name="Flemming2020">{{cite news|last=Flemming|first=Jack|date=2020-12-01|title=South Korean royals shell out $12.6 million for a Thousand Oaks palace|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217123136/https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million}}</ref>
As of 2026, Lee identifies as [[Christian]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=dangun |url=https://soj.ooo/u/dangun |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=soj.ooO |language=en}}</ref>


In the afternoon of November 18, 2022, [[J-Money (rapper)|J-Money]], driving a [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (seventh generation)|Rolls-Royce Phantom]] registered to Andrew Lee, was shot and robbed by 2 men in [[Koreatown, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allah |first=Sha Be |date=2022-11-21 |title=The Source {{!}}ATL Rapper J Money Shot And Robbed While In Korean Prince's Rolls Royce |url=https://thesource.com/2022/11/21/atl-rapper-j-money-shot-and-robbed-while-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Source |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nevares |first=Gabriel Bras |date=2022-11-20 |title=J Money Shot And Robbed In Korean Prince's Rolls-Royce |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/451871-j-money-shot-and-robbed-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en-US}}</ref> As of February 2023, the perpetrators have not been identified.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man shot and robbed of Rolex, jewelry near Koreatown; victim's Rolls-Royce linked to Korean prince |url=https://abc7.com/koreatown-shooting-rolex-robbery-jewelry-theft/12470625/ |access-date=November 19, 2022 |work=[[KABC-TV|ABC7]] |date=November 19, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Andrew Lee, under the rapper name KingLee, appeared on J-Money's album titled "Dun It All".<ref>{{Cite web |title=@JermaineMiller_ |url=https://twitter.com/JermaineMiller_/status/1586290227882106880?s=20 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Yi]]|December|1983|}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yi Seok]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Emperor of Korea]]|years=2021/2022 - present|reason=[[Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty|Empire abolished in 1910]]}}
{{S-non|reason=No designated heir}}
{{s-culture}}
{{s-break}}
{{S-non|reason=Title created}}
{{s-ttl|title=Ruler of the [[Joseon]] Cybernation|years=2023 - present}}
{{S-non|reason=No designated heir}}
{{s-end}}
{{House of Yi}}
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Andrew}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Andrew}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Korean descent]]
[[Category:American people of Korean descent]]
[[Category:Bitcoin]]
[[Category:Bitcoin]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Indiana]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Indiana]]
[[Category:House of Yi]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the Korean throne]]
[[Category:Internet privacy]]
[[Category:Internet privacy]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Purdue University alumni]]
[[Category:Purdue University alumni]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Joseon Cybernation politicians]]

Latest revision as of 22:33, 15 March 2026

Andrew S. Lee
Lee in 2011
Head of the House of Yi
(disputed)
Reign2021 or 2022[lower-alpha 1] – present
PredecessorYi Seok
Sovereign[lower-alpha 2] of the Joseon Cybernation
Websitewww.joseon.com (English)
joseon.cloud (Korean)
Reign2023 – present
BornIndianapolis, Indiana, United States
SpouseNana Lee (maiden name unknown)
HouseYi
FatherJay Lee (born in Jeonju)
SignatureAndrew S. Lee's signature
Template:Listen voice

Andrew S.[4] Lee (born December 1983)[5] is an American entrepreneur and the founder of the VPN service Private Internet Access, which started in 2010. Lee has been the self-proclaimed King of the non-territorial Joseon Cybernation, recognized by Antigua and Barbuda as the successor state to Joseon and the Korean Empire in 2023,[6][7][8], and he is, in media, known as "Crown Prince of Korea" after being adopted by Yi Seok, a grandson of Emperor Gojong of Korea.

Early life and education[edit | edit source]

Andrew Lee was born in Indianapolis and raised in Carmel, a city in the Indianapolis metro area.[9][10] He is the son of Jay Lee, a South Korean immigrant that was born in Jeonju.[11][12] According to a soj.ooO comment Andrew Lee made, his parents "had nearly nothing when they came to the United States" and made sacrifices for him and his brother.[13] He enrolled in Purdue University and transferred to the University at Buffalo, but later dropped out to start working.[10]

Career[edit | edit source]

See also: Freenode § Ownership change and conflict

In 2009, Lee founded London Trust Media (LTM), a private holdings company. In 2010, he founded Private Internet Access (PIA), a virtual private network service for anonymizing Internet traffic.[14] He claimed to have started PIA because of his interest in Internet Relay Chat (IRC), whose users' IP addresses could be easily revealed, but only after the Freenode purchase.[15] Lee and co-owner Steve DeProspero sold LTM (and its subsidiary PIA) to Israeli company Kape Technologies for US$95.5 million in November 2019.[16][17] Lee co-founded Mt. Gox Live, a bitcoin price tracker that was later acquired by the now-defunct bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox.[18]

In 2017, Christel Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at Freenode, incorporated and transferred ownership of Freenode Limited to Lee;[19] Dahlskjaer and Lee said the company was solely for funding the network and running the Freenode #live conferences.[20][21] According to staff, they were not informed of the contents of the deal and were told that it would not affect Freenode's day-to-day operations, as the company only managed the conference and nothing else.[21][22] A dispute over changes Lee imposed in 2021 resulted in all of Freenode's 20 to 30 staff members resigning.[20][21] This team went on to form a new network called Libera Chat.[20]

In present day, Lee's holding company, Imperial Family Companies, continues to own freenode, Legacy Fighting Alliance,[23][24] Chime TV[25] and others.

Later ventures[edit | edit source]

Main article: Joseon Cybernation
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Media statement from the office of Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda acknowledging recognition of the Joseon Cybernation.

According to Andrew Lee, Won Joon Lee, one of his distant relatives and grandson of a keeper of the House of Yi lineage, said that their clan was descended from Korean royalty; as the result, he was introduced to Yi Seok, a grandson of Emperor Gojong of Korea. Yi Seok is known as an active pretender to the former monarchy, but he has no male offspring, and he proposed adopting Andrew Lee as his heir, which Andrew was initially reluctant.[26] Regarding Andrew Lee's ancestry, Yi Seok has only stated that he was a descendant of Yi Seong-gye,[27] keeping said ancestry vague.[lower-alpha 3] In October 2018, Seok declared Andrew the crown prince of Korea at a ceremony in Los Angeles, attended by Bermuda premier David Burt, and city officials from Los Angeles and Jeonju.[29][30][31] Andrew Lee later took over Yi Seok's status as the claimant to the Joseon throne in 2022. By March 2022, Lee announced the founding of a "non-territorial successor state to the Joseon Empire", a cloud-based, blockchain-backed kingdom with himself as its ruler.[32]

In June 2023, the government of Antigua and Barbuda released a statement establishing diplomatic relations with the "Joseon Cybernation".[26][33][7] As of July 2023, the son of Antiguan Prime Minister Gaston Browne served as Joseon's "Vice Minister of State".[34] It has also been reported that cryptocurrency proponents Roger Ver and Mark Karpelès received the title of "duke".[35]

On 27 July 2025, Andrew Lee launched a new VPN service called VP.net.[36]

Personal life[edit | edit source]

In 2020, Lee and his family moved to a mansion in Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California.[9][37]

In the afternoon of 18 November 2022, J-Money, driving a Rolls-Royce Phantom registered to Andrew Lee, was shot and robbed by 2 men in Koreatown, Los Angeles.[38][39][40] As of February 2023, the perpetrators have not been identified.[41] Andrew Lee, under the rapper name KingLee,[26] has collaborated with J-Money on multiple occasions, including an appearance on J-Money's album titled "Dun It All".[42]

As of 2026, Lee identifies as Christian.[43]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ According to archives of Yi Seok's website, he abdicated to Andrew Lee some time between the 9th of December 2021 and the 17th of January 2022.[1]
  2. ↑ Andrew Lee, unlike his predecessor, does not style himself as an emperor, but rather as a king. This is despite the use of the term "Joseon Empire",[2] a historiographically incorrect term which should have been either the Kingdom of Joseon or Korean Empire[3]
  3. ↑ ETtoday suggests a potential blood relation via "similar facial structures between Lee and the Gwangmu Emperor",[28] however it is unknown where this information surfaced from or whether if this information is correct.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Imperial Family of Korea". 17 January 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  2. ↑ "Code Of National Governance". Joseon. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  3. ↑ "Medieval and Early Modern History". Korean Empire. Retrieved 18 January 2026.
  4. ↑ "Notice of change of registered office or registered agent". Indiana Government. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2026.
  5. ↑ "Appointment of Director". Companies House. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  6. ↑ "Joseon" (PDF). GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2025. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 jordan (8 July 2023). "Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Cyberstate". Antigua News Room. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  8. ↑ "'Experimenting with all forms of our sovereignty': Hurst likens Joseon deal to CIP". Antigua Observer Newspaper. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Warren, Katie (14 December 2020). "A South Korean royal couple just dropped $12.6 million on a sprawling southern California estate. Take a look at the lavish 20-acre property". Business Insider. Axel Springer SE. Retrieved 19 May 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Tai, Crystal (2 December 2018). "This is no K-drama: the fresh prince of South Korea is real royalty, and he's American". South China Morning Post. Alibaba Group. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  11. ↑ Korea, The Imperial Family of. "Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  12. ↑ "Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince". StreetInsider.com. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  13. ↑ "Comment on Joseon is absolute pacifism. by dangun". soj.ooO. Retrieved 15 March 2026.
  14. ↑ Eha, Brian Patrick (6 April 2017). "The Gray Hat". How Money Got Free: Bitcoin and the Fight for the Future of Finance. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781780746593.
  15. ↑ Searls, Doc (30 May 2018). "The Fight for Control: Andrew Lee on Open-Sourcing PIA". Linux Journal. Linux Journal, LLC. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  16. ↑ "Proposed acquisition of Private Internet Access". Financial Times. Nikkei, Inc. Regulatory News Service. 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  17. ↑ "Teddy Sagi's Kape buying US digital privacy co LTMI". Globes. 19 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  18. ↑ "Interview with Andrew Lee of Private Internet Access". GNOME Foundation. 23 September 2013. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  19. ↑ "PIA and freenode joining forces - freenode". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (19 May 2021). "Developers Flee Open Source Project After 'Takeover' By Korean Crown Prince". Vice. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Nardi, Tom (19 May 2021). "Freenode debacle prompts staff exodus, new network". Hackaday. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  22. ↑ "Freenode IRC staff resign en masse, unhappy about new management". The Register. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  23. ↑ ""LFA Joins London Trust Media Holdings Group"". PR Newswire. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  24. ↑ ""LFA BRINGS INTERNATIONAL MIDDLEWEIGHT SHOWDOWN TO THE SOONER STATE AT LFA 152"". Legacy Fighting Alliance. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  25. ↑ "Imperial Family Companies and Society 1 Announce Historic Merger, Joining Forces of Character Media and ChimeTV to Form Golden TV, North America's Premier Asian Media Conglomerate". Business Wire. 8 February 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Yang, Jeff (3 February 2024). "The Fresh Prince of Joseon: How a Crypto Mogul Became a Korean Royal Heir—and Formed a Digital Kingdom". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024.
  27. ↑ Team, The Korea Daily Digital (12 April 2023). "Interview with the Emperor Gojong's direct descendant Lee Seok". The Korea Daily. Retrieved 15 July 2025.
  28. ↑ ETtoday新聞雲 (6 December 2020). "永遠的君主！南韓「皇太孫」霸氣買下加州1260萬美元豪華泳池別墅 | ETtoday房產雲 | ETtoday新聞雲". house.ettoday.net (in 中文（繁體）). Retrieved 18 January 2026.
  29. ↑ Mendoza, Ken (8 March 2021). "Real life K-drama: how did Andrew Lee go from tech entrepreneur to crown prince of Korea? Before he was named 'nominal emperor' Yi Seok's successor, he founded VPN service Private Internet Access – and made millions". Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  30. ↑ Smith, Nicola (29 December 2018). "Californian techie becomes Korean crown prince in fairytale twist". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  31. ↑ Chung, Monica Younsoo (27 October 2018). "Andrew Lee, the Prince of Korea plans launching Imperial Fund to invest for Korean small businesses". Korea IT Times. Retrieved 19 May 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  32. ↑ Staff, The Royal Observer (9 May 2023). "A New Era of Royalty: Harnessing the Power of Sovereignty for Positive Change". The Royal Observer. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
  33. ↑ "Joseon" (PDF). GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2025. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  34. ↑ Emmanuel, Robert (13 July 2023). "The digital dynasty: Joseon PM speaks about benefits to country". Antigua Observer Newspaper. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  35. ↑ Tomlin, Bennett (19 December 2023). "Duke Roger Ver becomes finance minister for Joseon". Protos. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  36. ↑ Chiara Castro (22 July 2025). "Forget no-log claims – this new VPN promises its tech can never reveal your identity, even if it wanted to". TechRadar. Retrieved 2 August 2025.
  37. ↑ Flemming, Jack (1 December 2020). "South Korean royals shell out $12.6 million for a Thousand Oaks palace". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  38. ↑ Allah, Sha Be (21 November 2022). "The Source |ATL Rapper J Money Shot And Robbed While In Korean Prince's Rolls Royce". The Source. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  39. ↑ Nevares, Gabriel Bras (20 November 2022). "J Money Shot And Robbed In Korean Prince's Rolls-Royce". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  40. ↑ "앤드루 이, 총격 피해 래퍼와 음원 발매". Koreadaily - 미주중앙일보 (in 한국어). 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  41. ↑ "Man shot and robbed of Rolex, jewelry near Koreatown; victim's Rolls-Royce linked to Korean prince". ABC7. 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  42. ↑ bawintern1 (7 July 2025). "MFT: J Money Recalls Meeting His "Korean Twin" Andrew Lee". Black America Web. Retrieved 15 July 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  43. ↑ "dangun". soj.ooO. Retrieved 19 February 2026.
Andrew Lee (entrepreneur)
Born: December 1983
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Yi Seok 		— TITULAR —
Emperor of Korea
2021/2022 - present
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1910 		No designated heir

Template:S-culture

Title created Ruler of the Joseon Cybernation
2023 - present 		No designated heir

Template:House of Yi

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