1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Elections}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name    = 1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
| election_name    = 1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
| country          = India
| country          = Jammu and Kashmir (state)
| type              = parliamentary
| type              = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
| previous_election = 1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
Line 16: Line 17:
| turnout          = 67.2%
| turnout          = 67.2%
<!-- JKNC -->
<!-- JKNC -->
| image1            = [[File:JKNC-flag.svg|100x90px]]
| image1            = Sheikh Abdullah 1988 stamp of India.jpg
| leader1          = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| leader1          = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| party1            = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
| party1            = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
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| seat_change1      = {{increase}} 47
| seat_change1      = {{increase}} 47
<!-- Congress -->
<!-- Congress -->
| image4            =  
| image4            = {{CSS image crop|Image=Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
|-
| party4            = [[Indian National Congress (R)|INC (R)]]
| party4            = Indian National Congress
| leader_since4    =  
| leader_since4    =  
| leaders_seat4    =  
| leaders_seat4    =  
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| seat_change4      = {{decrease}} 46
| seat_change4      = {{decrease}} 46
<!-- JP -->
<!-- JP -->
| image2            =  
| image2            = <div style="width:100px;"><span style="line-height:120px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Janata Party}}; font-size:30px;"> '''JP'''</span></div>
|-
| leader2          =  
| leader2          =  
| party2            = Janata Party
| party2            = Janata Party
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}}
}}


'''Elections for the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]''' were held over June 1977,<ref>[http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html 1977 J&K elections]</ref> which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.{{sfn|Guha, India after Gandhi|2008|loc=Section 23.III}}  
'''Elections for the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]''' were held over June 1977,<ref>[http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/1977-election-results.html 1977 J&K elections]</ref> which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.{{sfn|Guha, India after Gandhi|2008|loc=Section 23.III}}
[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], newly revived from the former [[Plebiscite Front]], won an overwhelming majority and re-elected [[Sheikh Abdullah]] as the Chief Minister.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf Statistical report J&K 1977]</ref>
[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], newly revived from the former [[Plebiscite Front]], won an overwhelming majority and re-elected [[Sheikh Abdullah]] as the Chief Minister.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf Statistical report J&K 1977]</ref> The [[Janata Party]] won 13 seats and emerged as the second largest party.


==Background==
==Background==
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Also significant is the fact that [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami]] won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.{{sfn|Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir|1997|p=1007}}
Also significant is the fact that [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir|Jamaat-e-Islami]] won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.{{sfn|Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir|1997|p=1007}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly 1977.svg]]
|party1=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes1=807166|seats1=47|sc1=0
|party2=[[Janata Party]]|votes2=414259|seats2=13|sc2=New
|party3=[[Indian National Congress (R)]]|votes3=294911|seats3=11|sc3={{decrease}}47
|party4=[[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]|votes4=62654|seats4=1|sc4={{decrease}}4
|party20=Others|votes20=1903|seats20=0|sc20=0
|party21=Independents|votes21=165477|seats21=4|sc21={{increase}}1
|total_sc={{increase}}1
|invalid=57734
|electorate=2684992
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3791-jammu-kashmir-1977/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 1977 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>
}}
== Results by constituency ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Assembly Constituency
!Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Margin
|-
! #k
! Names
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
!%
|-
|1||[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]||67.94%||Ghulam Qadir Mir||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||12,357||46.31%||Mohammed Yunis Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,641||28.64%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,716'''</span>
|-
|2||[[Handwara Assembly constituency|Handwara]]||83.41%||[[Abdul Ghani Lone]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||17,021||51.78%||Sharif Ud Din||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,702||44.73%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,319'''</span>
|-
|3||[[Langate Assembly constituency|Langate]]||74.63%||Mohammad Sultan Ganai||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||11,976||50.04%||Abdul Gani Mir||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||3,657||15.28%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,319'''</span>
|-
|4||[[Kupwara Assembly constituency|Kupwara]]||62.7%||[[Assad Ullah Shah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,780||56.41%||Ghulam Nabi||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||4,834||19.79%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,946'''</span>
|-
|5||[[Bandipora Assembly constituency|Bandipora]]||68.45%||[[Mohammad Khalil Naik]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||18,032||70.94%||Mohammed Anwar Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||2,299||9.04%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''15,733'''</span>
|-
|6||[[Sonawari Assembly constituency|Sonawari]]||84.98%||Abdul Aziz Parray||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||21,074||67.99%||[[Mohammad Akbar Lone]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||9,923||32.01%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''11,151'''</span>
|-
|7||[[Pattan Assembly constituency|Pattan]]||87.37%||[[Abdul Rashid Shaheen]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,738||53.99%||[[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||12,734||43.69%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''3,004'''</span>
|-
|8||[[Gulmarg Assembly constituency|Gulmarg]]||40.85%||Mohmad Akbar Lone||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,700||78.59%||Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Beg||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||2,334||11.68%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''13,366'''</span>
|-
|9||[[Sangrama Assembly constituency|Sangrama]]||73.88%||Ghulam Rasool||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,609||70.69%||Sharif Ud Din||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||2,106||10.94%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''11,503'''</span>
|-
|10||[[Sopore Assembly constituency|Sopore]]||85.9%||[[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||16,717||49.14%||Hakeem Habibullah||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||16,684||49.04%||style="background:{{party color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''33'''</span>
|-
|11||[[Rafiabad Assembly constituency|Rafiabad]]||72.21%||[[Mohammad Dilawar Mir]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,696||68.52%||Ghulam Rasool Kar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||3,517||16.4%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''11,179'''</span>
|-
|12||[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]]||66.78%||Ghulam Ud-Din Shah||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||11,509||55.64%||Ghulam Meha Safi||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||4,472||21.62%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''7,037'''</span>
|-
|13||[[Uri Assembly constituency|Uri]]||68.17%||[[Mohammad Shafi (politician)|Mohammad Shafi]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||11,921||65.56%||Mohammed Mazaffar Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||3,309||18.2%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,612'''</span>
|-
|14||[[Kangan Assembly constituency|Kangan]]||76.12%||[[Mian Bashir Ahmed]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||20,808||87.07%||Mohammed Afzi||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||3,090||12.93%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''17,718'''</span>
|-
|15||[[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]||87.27%||[[Sheikh Abdullah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||26,162||88.17%||Ali Mohamd Taria||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||3,509||11.83%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''22,653'''</span>
|-
|16||[[Hazratbal Assembly constituency|Hazratbal]]||82.59%||Hissa Ud Din||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||23,032||80.74%||Mohammed Iliyas||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||5,081||17.81%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''17,951'''</span>
|-
|17||[[Amira Kadal Assembly constituency|Amira Kadal]]||74.54%||Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Shoh||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,515||57.74%||Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Wani||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||10,340||41.13%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,175'''</span>
|-
|18||[[Habba Kadal Assembly constituency|Habba Kadal]]||70.62%||Ghulam Mohammed Butt||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||16,356||47.53%||Jag Mohini||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||14,084||40.92%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,272'''</span>
|-
|19||[[Zaina Kadal Assembly constituency|Zaina Kadal]]||85.39%||Molvi Mohammed Yasin Hamdani||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||23,414||61.79%||Sheikh Ali Mohammad||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||14,476||38.21%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,938'''</span>
|-
|20||[[Eidgah Assembly constituency|Eidgah]]||80.77%||[[Abdul Rashid Kabuli]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||18,255||52.83%||Ghulam Rasool Rashi||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||16,298||47.17%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''1,957'''</span>
|-
|21||[[Zadibal Assembly constituency|Zadibal]]||81.71%||Ghulam Ahmad Shunthoo||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||23,401||51.55%||Salin Anwar Dhar||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||21,522||47.41%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''1,879'''</span>
|-
|22||[[Nagin Assembly constituency|Nagin]]||78.58%||Abdul Samad Teli||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,856||61.51%||Ghulam Mohmad Bawan||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||8,397||37.28%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''5,459'''</span>
|-
|23||[[Beerwah Assembly constituency|Beerwah]]||72.91%||Ahmad Saeed||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,918||60.73%||Syed Ali Shah||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||7,737||31.5%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''7,181'''</span>
|-
|24||[[Khan Sahib Assembly constituency|Khan Sahib]]||66.42%||[[Hakeem Mohammad Yaseen Shah]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,647||73.94%||Ghulam Qadir War||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||3,814||18.02%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''11,833'''</span>
|-
|25||[[Budgam Assembly constituency|Budgam]]||84.54%||Syed Ghulam Hussain Geelani||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,324||49.83%||Aga Sayeed Hassan||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||11,799||41.05%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,525'''</span>
|-
|26||[[Chadoora Assembly constituency|Chadoora]]||77.67%||Abdul Samad Mir||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,103||64.86%||[[Mir Mustafa]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,699||23.26%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,404'''</span>
|-
|27||[[Charari Sharief Assembly constituency|Charari Sharief]]||71.84%||[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,766||71.96%||Abdul Qayoom||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,764||23.22%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''10,002'''</span>
|-
|28||[[Pulwama Assembly constituency|Pulwama]]||73.27%||Mohammad Ibrahim Dar||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||18,712||72.58%||Abdul Kashid Wani||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||2,537||9.84%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''16,175'''</span>
|-
|29||[[Pampore Assembly constituency|Pampore]]||83.36%||[[Mohiuddin Malik]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||22,877||82.11%||Peer Ghulam Hassan Masoodi||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||2,409||8.65%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''20,468'''</span>
|-
|30||[[Tral Assembly constituency|Tral]]||84.72%||Mohammed Subhan Bhat||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,315||46.05%||[[Ali Muhammad Naik]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||11,859||41.02%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''1,456'''</span>
|-
|31||[[Wachi Assembly constituency|Wachi]]||78.31%||[[Ghulam Qadir Wani (politician, born 1926)|Ghulam Qadir Wani]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||16,690||67.04%||Bashir Ahmed Magrey||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||3,172||12.74%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''13,518'''</span>
|-
|32||[[Shopian Assembly constituency|Shopian]]||73.06%||Sheikh Mohammed Mansoor||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,133||59.34%||Hakim Ghulam Nabi||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||4,763||18.68%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''10,370'''</span>
|-
|33||[[Noorabad Assembly constituency|Noorabad]]||71.74%||[[Wali Mohammad Itoo]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||12,407||58.76%||Abdul Aziz Zargar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,589||26.47%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''6,818'''</span>
|-
|34||[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar]]||79.38%||Ghulam Nabi Kochak||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,921||59.95%||[[Manohar Nath Kaul]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,623||18.58%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''10,298'''</span>
|-
|35||[[Kulgam Assembly constituency|Kulgam]]||74.92%||Ghulam Nabi Dar||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||8,833||42.63%||Abdul Razak Mir||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||6,403||30.91%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,430'''</span>
|-
|36||[[Hom Shali Bugh Assembly constituency|Hom Shali Bugh]]||81.79%||Abdul Salam Deva||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||12,959||56.77%||Ali Mohammed Dar||{{party name with color|Jamaat-e-Islami}}||5,897||25.83%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''7,062'''</span>
|-
|37||[[Pahalgam Assembly constituency|Pahalgam]]||77.13%||[[Piyare Lal Handoo]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,764||68.78%||Ghulam Rasool Kochah||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||4,283||19.95%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''10,481'''</span>
|-
|38||[[Srigufwara–Bijbehara Assembly constituency|Srigufwara–Bijbehara]]||84.62%||Abdul Gani Shah||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||16,059||63.92%||Mufti Mohammed Sayeed||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,081||32.16%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''7,978'''</span>
|-
|39||[[Anantnag Assembly constituency|Anantnag]]||88.35%||Mirza Mohammed Afzal Beg||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,893||63.13%||Sheikh Abdul Majid||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||9,283||36.87%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''6,610'''</span>
|-
|40||[[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus–Anantnag East]]||77.62%||Mohammed Ashraf Khan||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||15,568||70.21%||Mohammed Maqbool||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,162||18.77%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''11,406'''</span>
|-
|41||[[Kokernag Assembly constituency|Kokernag]]||74.91%||Malik Ghulam Ud Din||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||14,854||65.52%||Peer Hissam Ud Din||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,339||23.55%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''9,515'''</span>
|-
|42||[[Dooru Assembly constituency|Dooru]]||74.25%||Haji Abdul Gani Khan||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||10,817||51.44%||Sneer Aki Boda||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,472||26.02%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''5,345'''</span>
|-
|43||[[Leh Assembly constituency|Leh]]||64.79%||Sonam Narboo||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,736||61.17%||Soham Gyaltsan||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||7,450||38.83%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,286'''</span>
|-
|44||[[Kargil Assembly constituency|Kargil]]||72.87%||Munshi Habibullah||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||13,549||54.42%||Kachoo Mohammed Ali Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,021||44.27%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,528'''</span>
|-
|45||[[Kishtwar Assembly constituency|Kishtwar]]||51.1%||Bashir Ahmed Kichloo||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||3,910||27.15%||Ghulam Hussain Arman||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||3,385||23.51%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''525'''</span>
|-
|46||[[Inderwal Assembly constituency|Inderwal]]||37.1%||Sheikh Ghulam Mohammed ||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||5,296||44.38%||Abdul Ghani Goni||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||2,530||21.2%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,766'''</span>
|-
|47||[[Bhaderwah Assembly constituency|Bhaderwah]]||36.34%||Narain Dass||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||4,535||40.96%||Thakur Dass||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||3,745||33.82%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''790'''</span>
|-
|48||[[Doda Assembly constituency|Doda]]||48.42%||[[Ghulam Qadir Wani (politician, born 1942)|Ghulam Qadir Wani]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||5,342||39.02%||[[Attaullah Sohrawardi]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||4,384||32.02%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''958'''</span>
|-
|49||[[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]]||45.72%||Prem Nath||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||3,472||28.64%||Labhu Ram||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||3,035||25.03%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''437'''</span>
|-
|50||[[Banihal Assembly constituency|Banihal]]||52.67%||Molvi Abdul Rashid||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||7,460||51.83%||Modh. Akthar Nizami||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||3,290||22.86%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,170'''</span>
|-
|51||[[Gulabgarh Assembly constituency|Gulabgarh]]||47.6%||[[Haji Buland Khan]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||8,723||58.15%||Mohammed Ayub Khan||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||3,203||21.35%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''5,520'''</span>
|-
|52||[[Reasi Assembly constituency|Reasi]]||54.7%||Rishi Kumar Kaushal||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||9,931||52.84%||Raghunath Das||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||2,699||14.36%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''7,232'''</span>
|-
|53||[[Udhampur Assembly constituency|Udhampur]]||53.2%||[[Shiv Charan Gupta]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,363||44.14%||Faqir Chand||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,763||41.31%||style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<span style="color:black;">'''600'''</span>
|-
|54||[[Chenani Assembly constituency|Chenani]]||44.98%||[[Bhim Singh (politician)|Bhim Singh]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,674||52.43%||Ishar Dass||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||4,005||27.36%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''3,669'''</span>
|-
|55||[[Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]||38.08%||[[Prithvi Chand]]||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||7,300||53.19%||Ram Dass||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,071||29.66%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''3,229'''</span>
|-
|56||[[Samba Assembly constituency|Samba]]||62.22%||Dhayan Singh||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,349||25.61%||Harbans Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,728||19.07%||style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<span style="color:black;">'''1,621'''</span>
|-
|57||[[Bari Brahmana Assembly constituency|Bari Brahmana]]||59.58%||Gurnbachan Kumari||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||8,124||39.21%||Gouri Shankar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,521||36.3%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''603'''</span>
|-
|58||[[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]]||62.31%||Parma Nand||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,441||43.17%||Ram Chand||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||7,357||33.64%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,084'''</span>
|-
|59||[[Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South Assembly constituency|Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South]]||74.38%||[[Janak Raj Gupta]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||12,603||48.46%||Rangil Singh||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||7,166||27.55%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''5,437'''</span>
|-
|60||[[Jammu Cantonment Assembly constituency|Jammu Cantonment]]||55.35%||Parduman Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,600||28.6%||Ved Bhasin||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||5,426||27.71%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''174'''</span>
|-
|61||[[Jammu West Assembly constituency|Jammu West]]||53.73%||Harbans Lal Bhagotra||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||10,956||54.76%||Romesh Chander||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,599||37.98%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''3,357'''</span>
|-
|62||[[Jammu East Assembly constituency|Jammu East]]||52.99%||Ram Nath Bhalgotra||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||13,179||61.78%||Amrit Kumar Malhotra||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||5,141||24.1%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''8,038'''</span>
|-
|63||[[Jandrah Gharota Assembly constituency|Jandrah Gharota]]||61.07%||Dhan Raj Bargotra||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||8,550||38.08%||Ranjit Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||6,112||27.22%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,438'''</span>
|-
|64||[[Marh Assembly constituency|Marh]]||54.6%||Tulsi Ram||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||5,527||32.96%||Sushil Kumar||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,553||27.15%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''974'''</span>
|-
|65||[[Akhnoor Assembly constituency|Akhnoor]]||70.63%||Dharam Pal||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||8,635||37.67%||[[Govind Ram Sharma]]||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||4,517||19.7%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,118'''</span>
|-
|66||[[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]]||74.39%||Ram Nath||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||9,352||38.52%||Dewan Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,106||16.91%||style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<span style="color:black;">'''5,246'''</span>
|-
|67||[[Basohli Assembly constituency|Basohli]]||45.32%||[[Mangat Ram Sharma]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,829||29.96%||Uttam Chand||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||3,885||24.1%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''944'''</span>
|-
|68||[[Billawar Assembly constituency|Billawar]]||54.25%||Dhian Singh||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||12,328||57.57%||Thakur Randhir Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||6,258||29.23%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''6,070'''</span>
|-
|69||[[Kathua Assembly constituency|Kathua]]||60.96%||Dhain Chand||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||10,022||44.9%||Punjabu Ram Alias Punjab Singh||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,023||40.43%||style="background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''999'''</span>
|-
|70||[[Hiranagar Assembly constituency|Hiranagar]]||69.54%||[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||13,623||50.39%||Rattan Lal||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||9,912||36.66%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''3,711'''</span>
|-
|71||[[Nowshera Assembly constituency|Nowshera]]||60.01%||Beli Ram||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||7,832||30.89%||Rattan Singh||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||7,416||29.25%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''416'''</span>
|-
|72||[[Darhal Assembly constituency|Darhal]]||46.9%||[[Chowdhary Mohmmad Hussain]]||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||11,433||57.94%||Abdul Rashid Mirza||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||4,717||23.91%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''6,716'''</span>
|-
|73||[[Rajouri Assembly constituency|Rajouri]]||59.62%||Talib Hussain||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||9,390||39.98%||Mohammed Sharif||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||7,365||31.36%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,025'''</span>
|-
|74||[[Surankote Assembly constituency|Surankote]]||68.84%||[[Aslam Chowdhary Mohammad]]||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||11,608||52.37%||Mohammed Syed Beg||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||9,346||42.16%||style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''2,262'''</span>
|-
|75||[[Mendhar Assembly constituency|Mendhar]]||65.23%||Rafiq Hissain Khan||{{party name with color|Independent politician}}||6,556||30.96%||Mohammed Sadiq||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||6,479||30.59%||style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|<span style="color:black;">'''77'''</span>
|-
|76||[[Haveli Assembly constituency|Haveli]]||48.26%||Ghulam Ahmed||{{party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}||8,915||51.31%||Lal Hussain Mustaq||{{party name with color|Janata Party}}||4,616||26.57%||style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|<span style="color:white;">'''4,299'''</span>
|}


==Government formation==
==Government formation==
Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election.[[Mirza Afzal Beg]] was sworn in as the [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] .
Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election. [[Mirza Afzal Beg]] was sworn in as the [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] .


By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son [[Farooq Abdullah]] as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=90}}
By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son [[Farooq Abdullah]] as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=90}}
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{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}
{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}
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[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1977 State Assembly elections in India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category: State Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir|1977]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir|1977]]
[[Category:1970s in Jammu and Kashmir|1977]]
[[Category:1970s in Jammu and Kashmir|1977]]

Latest revision as of 12:47, 10 January 2026


1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
Template:Country data Jammu and Kashmir (state)
← 1972 9 July 1977 1983 →
all 76 seats in Legislative Assembly
39 seats needed for a majority
Turnout67.2%
  First party Second party
 
JP
Leader Sheikh Abdullah
Party Jammu & Kashmir National Conference JP
Last election - -
Seats won 47 13
Seat change Increase 47 Increase 13
  Third party Fourth party
 
Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg
Party INC (R) Jamaat-e-Islami
Last election 58
Seats won 11 1
Seat change Decrease 46 Decrease 4
Chief Minister before election

Sheikh Abdullah
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference

Elected Chief Minister

Sheikh Abdullah
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference

Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held over June 1977,[1] which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.[2] Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.[3] The Janata Party won 13 seats and emerged as the second largest party.

Background[edit | edit source]

After reaching the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord, Sheikh Abdullah was elected as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir by the ruling Indian National Congress party in the state legislature (which had in fact been the original National Conference founded by Abdullah in 1930s but merged into Congress before the 1967 elections). Abdullah remained in power during the National Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi in 1975. After the Emergency was lifted, the Janata Party came to power in the Centre in the 1977 general election.[4]

Elections were called for the state Legislative Assembly in June 1977. Sheikh Abdullah now revived the National Conference from the erstwhile Plebiscite Front. The National Conference and Congress met head-on as equals, the first time such an electoral contest occurred since the State's Accession in 1947. The Prime Minister Morarji Desai (of the Janata Party) took steps to strengthen security in the state and declared that any rigging would be severely punished. This had a 'salutary effect' in the political atmosphere in the state witnessing its first 'free and fair' election.[5]

The revival of the National Conference was greeted with great enthusiasm in the Kashmir Valley. In the words of Kashmiri, "the entire valley was red with N. C. flags. Every house and every market stood decorated with bunting."[2]

Results[edit | edit source]

The National Conference won the majority in the Assembly with 47 of the 76 seats.[6] Whereas it won 40 of the 42 seats in the Kashmir Valley, it was able to win only 7 seats out of 32 in the Jammu province.[7]

The Indian National Congress (former National Conference, which had been in power since the State's accession) was reduced to third place, winning 11 seats in Jammu and none in the Valley.[7]

The Janata Party (which had incorporated the former Jammu Praja Parishad) won 13 seats, its best performance so far. In addition to 11 seats in Jammu, it won 2 seats in the Valley for the first time.[7]

Also significant is the fact that Jamaat-e-Islami won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.[6]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference807,16646.22470
Janata Party414,25923.7213New
Indian National Congress (R)294,91116.8911Decrease47
Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir62,6543.591Decrease4
Others1,9030.1100
Independents165,4779.484Increase1
Total1,746,370100.0076Increase1
Valid votes1,746,37096.80
Invalid/blank votes57,7343.20
Total votes1,804,104100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,684,99267.19
Source: ECI[8]

Results by constituency[edit | edit source]

Winner, runner-up, voter turnout, and victory margin in every constituency[9]
Assembly Constituency Turnout Winner Runner Up Margin
#k Names % Candidate Party Votes % Candidate Party Votes %
1 Karnah 67.94% Ghulam Qadir Mir Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 12,357 46.31% Mohammed Yunis Khan INC 7,641 28.64% 4,716
2 Handwara 83.41% Abdul Ghani Lone JP 17,021 51.78% Sharif Ud Din Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,702 44.73% 2,319
3 Langate 74.63% Mohammad Sultan Ganai Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 11,976 50.04% Abdul Gani Mir Independent 3,657 15.28% 8,319
4 Kupwara 62.7% Assad Ullah Shah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,780 56.41% Ghulam Nabi JP 4,834 19.79% 8,946
5 Bandipora 68.45% Mohammad Khalil Naik Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 18,032 70.94% Mohammed Anwar Khan INC 2,299 9.04% 15,733
6 Sonawari 84.98% Abdul Aziz Parray Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 21,074 67.99% Mohammad Akbar Lone JP 9,923 32.01% 11,151
7 Pattan 87.37% Abdul Rashid Shaheen Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,738 53.99% Iftikhar Hussain Ansari JP 12,734 43.69% 3,004
8 Gulmarg 40.85% Mohmad Akbar Lone Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,700 78.59% Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Beg JP 2,334 11.68% 13,366
9 Sangrama 73.88% Ghulam Rasool Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,609 70.69% Sharif Ud Din JP 2,106 10.94% 11,503
10 Sopore 85.9% Syed Ali Shah Geelani Jamaat-e-Islami 16,717 49.14% Hakeem Habibullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 16,684 49.04% 33
11 Rafiabad 72.21% Mohammad Dilawar Mir Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,696 68.52% Ghulam Rasool Kar INC 3,517 16.4% 11,179
12 Baramulla 66.78% Ghulam Ud-Din Shah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 11,509 55.64% Ghulam Meha Safi Jamaat-e-Islami 4,472 21.62% 7,037
13 Uri 68.17% Mohammad Shafi Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 11,921 65.56% Mohammed Mazaffar Khan INC 3,309 18.2% 8,612
14 Kangan 76.12% Mian Bashir Ahmed Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 20,808 87.07% Mohammed Afzi JP 3,090 12.93% 17,718
15 Ganderbal 87.27% Sheikh Abdullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 26,162 88.17% Ali Mohamd Taria Independent 3,509 11.83% 22,653
16 Hazratbal 82.59% Hissa Ud Din Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 23,032 80.74% Mohammed Iliyas JP 5,081 17.81% 17,951
17 Amira Kadal 74.54% Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Shoh Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,515 57.74% Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din Wani JP 10,340 41.13% 4,175
18 Habba Kadal 70.62% Ghulam Mohammed Butt Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 16,356 47.53% Jag Mohini JP 14,084 40.92% 2,272
19 Zaina Kadal 85.39% Molvi Mohammed Yasin Hamdani Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 23,414 61.79% Sheikh Ali Mohammad JP 14,476 38.21% 8,938
20 Eidgah 80.77% Abdul Rashid Kabuli JP 18,255 52.83% Ghulam Rasool Rashi Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 16,298 47.17% 1,957
21 Zadibal 81.71% Ghulam Ahmad Shunthoo Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 23,401 51.55% Salin Anwar Dhar JP 21,522 47.41% 1,879
22 Nagin 78.58% Abdul Samad Teli Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,856 61.51% Ghulam Mohmad Bawan JP 8,397 37.28% 5,459
23 Beerwah 72.91% Ahmad Saeed Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,918 60.73% Syed Ali Shah JP 7,737 31.5% 7,181
24 Khan Sahib 66.42% Hakeem Mohammad Yaseen Shah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,647 73.94% Ghulam Qadir War JP 3,814 18.02% 11,833
25 Budgam 84.54% Syed Ghulam Hussain Geelani Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,324 49.83% Aga Sayeed Hassan JP 11,799 41.05% 2,525
26 Chadoora 77.67% Abdul Samad Mir Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,103 64.86% Mir Mustafa INC 4,699 23.26% 8,404
27 Charari Sharief 71.84% Abdul Rahim Rather Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,766 71.96% Abdul Qayoom INC 4,764 23.22% 10,002
28 Pulwama 73.27% Mohammad Ibrahim Dar Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 18,712 72.58% Abdul Kashid Wani Jamaat-e-Islami 2,537 9.84% 16,175
29 Pampore 83.36% Mohiuddin Malik Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 22,877 82.11% Peer Ghulam Hassan Masoodi JP 2,409 8.65% 20,468
30 Tral 84.72% Mohammed Subhan Bhat Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,315 46.05% Ali Muhammad Naik Independent 11,859 41.02% 1,456
31 Wachi 78.31% Ghulam Qadir Wani Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 16,690 67.04% Bashir Ahmed Magrey INC 3,172 12.74% 13,518
32 Shopian 73.06% Sheikh Mohammed Mansoor Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,133 59.34% Hakim Ghulam Nabi Jamaat-e-Islami 4,763 18.68% 10,370
33 Noorabad 71.74% Wali Mohammad Itoo Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 12,407 58.76% Abdul Aziz Zargar INC 5,589 26.47% 6,818
34 Devsar 79.38% Ghulam Nabi Kochak Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,921 59.95% Manohar Nath Kaul INC 4,623 18.58% 10,298
35 Kulgam 74.92% Ghulam Nabi Dar Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 8,833 42.63% Abdul Razak Mir Jamaat-e-Islami 6,403 30.91% 2,430
36 Hom Shali Bugh 81.79% Abdul Salam Deva Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 12,959 56.77% Ali Mohammed Dar Jamaat-e-Islami 5,897 25.83% 7,062
37 Pahalgam 77.13% Piyare Lal Handoo Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,764 68.78% Ghulam Rasool Kochah JP 4,283 19.95% 10,481
38 Srigufwara–Bijbehara 84.62% Abdul Gani Shah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 16,059 63.92% Mufti Mohammed Sayeed INC 8,081 32.16% 7,978
39 Anantnag 88.35% Mirza Mohammed Afzal Beg Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,893 63.13% Sheikh Abdul Majid JP 9,283 36.87% 6,610
40 Shangus–Anantnag East 77.62% Mohammed Ashraf Khan Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 15,568 70.21% Mohammed Maqbool INC 4,162 18.77% 11,406
41 Kokernag 74.91% Malik Ghulam Ud Din Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 14,854 65.52% Peer Hissam Ud Din INC 5,339 23.55% 9,515
42 Dooru 74.25% Haji Abdul Gani Khan Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 10,817 51.44% Sneer Aki Boda INC 5,472 26.02% 5,345
43 Leh 64.79% Sonam Narboo INC 11,736 61.17% Soham Gyaltsan JP 7,450 38.83% 4,286
44 Kargil 72.87% Munshi Habibullah Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 13,549 54.42% Kachoo Mohammed Ali Khan INC 11,021 44.27% 2,528
45 Kishtwar 51.1% Bashir Ahmed Kichloo Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 3,910 27.15% Ghulam Hussain Arman JP 3,385 23.51% 525
46 Inderwal 37.1% Sheikh Ghulam Mohammed Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 5,296 44.38% Abdul Ghani Goni JP 2,530 21.2% 2,766
47 Bhaderwah 36.34% Narain Dass JP 4,535 40.96% Thakur Dass Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 3,745 33.82% 790
48 Doda 48.42% Ghulam Qadir Wani JP 5,342 39.02% Attaullah Sohrawardi Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 4,384 32.02% 958
49 Ramban 45.72% Prem Nath Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 3,472 28.64% Labhu Ram Independent 3,035 25.03% 437
50 Banihal 52.67% Molvi Abdul Rashid Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 7,460 51.83% Modh. Akthar Nizami INC 3,290 22.86% 4,170
51 Gulabgarh 47.6% Haji Buland Khan Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 8,723 58.15% Mohammed Ayub Khan INC 3,203 21.35% 5,520
52 Reasi 54.7% Rishi Kumar Kaushal JP 9,931 52.84% Raghunath Das Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 2,699 14.36% 7,232
53 Udhampur 53.2% Shiv Charan Gupta Independent 9,363 44.14% Faqir Chand INC 8,763 41.31% 600
54 Chenani 44.98% Bhim Singh INC 7,674 52.43% Ishar Dass JP 4,005 27.36% 3,669
55 Ramnagar 38.08% Prithvi Chand JP 7,300 53.19% Ram Dass INC 4,071 29.66% 3,229
56 Samba 62.22% Dhayan Singh Independent 6,349 25.61% Harbans Singh INC 4,728 19.07% 1,621
57 Bari Brahmana 59.58% Gurnbachan Kumari JP 8,124 39.21% Gouri Shankar INC 7,521 36.3% 603
58 Bishnah 62.31% Parma Nand INC 9,441 43.17% Ram Chand JP 7,357 33.64% 2,084
59 Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South 74.38% Janak Raj Gupta INC 12,603 48.46% Rangil Singh JP 7,166 27.55% 5,437
60 Jammu Cantonment 55.35% Parduman Singh INC 5,600 28.6% Ved Bhasin JP 5,426 27.71% 174
61 Jammu West 53.73% Harbans Lal Bhagotra JP 10,956 54.76% Romesh Chander INC 7,599 37.98% 3,357
62 Jammu East 52.99% Ram Nath Bhalgotra JP 13,179 61.78% Amrit Kumar Malhotra INC 5,141 24.1% 8,038
63 Jandrah Gharota 61.07% Dhan Raj Bargotra JP 8,550 38.08% Ranjit Singh INC 6,112 27.22% 2,438
64 Marh 54.6% Tulsi Ram JP 5,527 32.96% Sushil Kumar INC 4,553 27.15% 974
65 Akhnoor 70.63% Dharam Pal INC 8,635 37.67% Govind Ram Sharma Independent 4,517 19.7% 4,118
66 Chhamb 74.39% Ram Nath Independent 9,352 38.52% Dewan Singh INC 4,106 16.91% 5,246
67 Basohli 45.32% Mangat Ram Sharma INC 4,829 29.96% Uttam Chand Independent 3,885 24.1% 944
68 Billawar 54.25% Dhian Singh JP 12,328 57.57% Thakur Randhir Singh INC 6,258 29.23% 6,070
69 Kathua 60.96% Dhain Chand JP 10,022 44.9% Punjabu Ram Alias Punjab Singh INC 9,023 40.43% 999
70 Hiranagar 69.54% Girdhari Lal Dogra INC 13,623 50.39% Rattan Lal JP 9,912 36.66% 3,711
71 Nowshera 60.01% Beli Ram INC 7,832 30.89% Rattan Singh Independent 7,416 29.25% 416
72 Darhal 46.9% Chowdhary Mohmmad Hussain Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 11,433 57.94% Abdul Rashid Mirza INC 4,717 23.91% 6,716
73 Rajouri 59.62% Talib Hussain INC 9,390 39.98% Mohammed Sharif Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 7,365 31.36% 2,025
74 Surankote 68.84% Aslam Chowdhary Mohammad INC 11,608 52.37% Mohammed Syed Beg Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 9,346 42.16% 2,262
75 Mendhar 65.23% Rafiq Hissain Khan Independent 6,556 30.96% Mohammed Sadiq Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 6,479 30.59% 77
76 Haveli 48.26% Ghulam Ahmed Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 8,915 51.31% Lal Hussain Mustaq JP 4,616 26.57% 4,299

Government formation[edit | edit source]

Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election. Mirza Afzal Beg was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir .

By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son Farooq Abdullah as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.[10]

Before his death, Sheikh Abdullah initiated a controversial 'Grant of Permit for Resettlement' bill in the State's Legislative Assembly. As per the bill, any state subject of Jammu and Kashmir before 14 May 1954 or any of his descendants could apply for resettlement in the State provided they swore allegiance to both the Indian Constitution and the Constitution of the State. The bill was passed by the Legislative Assembly after Sheikh's death, but it aroused fears among the Hindus of Jammu that Pakistani sympathizers and agents could cross into the State and create tensions. The Central government forced Farooq Abdullah to refer the bill to the Supreme Court of India where it has been put into cold storage.[11]

Commentary[edit | edit source]

All the elections held in Jammu and Kashmir before 1977 were plagued with corrupt electoral practices.[12] The elections of 1977 represented a 'democratic breakthrough', according to scholar Steve Widmalm. Politician Bhim Singh stated, 'Morarji Desai openly declared that anyone who would attempt to pursue some form of rigging would be severely punished, and this was quite effective'. The Congress party in the Central Government has therefore been regarded as an obstacle to the State's democratic functioning. The party regarded Jammu and Kashmir to be a sensitive border state, which was not 'ready for democracy'. Building Indian nationalism was considered far more important. Activist Balraj Puri has disagreed with the sentiment. In his view, democratic functioning was indeed a prerequisite to integration and national unity. As a result of the democratization process, he has asserted that there were ten years of peace with 'no fundamentalism, no secessionism, and no communalism'. JKLF's Amanullah Khan has also endorsed the assessment. The observers he sent to the Kashmir Valley during the early 1980s reported that the situation was not conducive to inciting a rebellion.[13] Journalist Tavleen Singh who covered the subsequent Assembly election in 1983 asked people wherever she went whether they regarded the plebiscite as an issue. 'Almost everywhere the answer was an emphatic no. People said that the past was dead and they were participating in this election as Indians,' she recounted.[14]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1977 J&K elections
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guha, India after Gandhi 2008, Section 23.III.
  3. ↑ Statistical report J&K 1977
  4. ↑ Guha, India after Gandhi 2008, Chapter 23.
  5. ↑ Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997, pp. 1006–1007; Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002, pp. 57–58
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Widmalm, The Rise and Fall of Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir 1997, p. 1007.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, pp. 89-90.
  8. ↑ "Jammu & Kashmir 1977". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  9. ↑ "Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (pdf) on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  10. ↑ Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace 2003, p. 90.
  11. ↑ Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, pp. 129–130.
  12. ↑ Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002, p. 57.
  13. ↑ Widmalm, Kashmir in Comparative Perspective 2002, pp. 57–61.
  14. ↑ Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 131.

Bibliography[edit | edit source]

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