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{{Infobox temple | {{Infobox temple | ||
| name = Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple | | name = Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple | ||
| Line 8: | Line 6: | ||
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu | | map_type = India Tamil Nadu | ||
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]] | | map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|8|38| | | coordinates = {{coord|8|38|30.5|N|77|59|38.2|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}} | ||
| country = [[India]] | | country = [[India]] | ||
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]] | | state = [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| district = [[Tuticorin]] | | district = [[Tuticorin]] | ||
| location = [[Perungulam]] | | location = [[Perungulam]] | ||
| elevation_m = | | elevation_m = 34 | ||
| deity = Srinivasa Perumal<br>([[Vishnu]]) | | deity = Srinivasa Perumal<br>([[Vishnu]]) | ||
Alamelu Mangai | Alamelu Mangai Tayar<br>([[Lakshmi]]) | ||
Mayakoothan<br>[[Vishnu]] | Mayakoothan<br>[[Vishnu]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 28: | ||
| creator = | | creator = | ||
| website = | | website = | ||
}} | }}{{Short description|Perumal temple in Thoothukudi district Tamil Nadu, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | |||
'''Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple''' or '''Sri Mayakoothar Permual Temple''' is one of the [[Nava Tirupathi|Nava Tirupatis]], nine [[Hindu]] temples dedicated to [[Vishnu]] located [[Perungulam]] along [[Tiruchendur]]-[[Tirunelveli]] route, [[Tamil Nadu]], India in the southern bank of [[Thamiraparani]] river. It is located 5 km from Alvar Thirunagari. All these 9 temples are classified as ''[[Divya Desams]]'', the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 poet-saints of [[Sri Vaishnavism]] called the [[Alwars|Alvars]].<ref>''108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu''. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.</ref> The temple is referred to as ''Shani sthalam'', a location for the planet deity, [[Shani]] (Saturn). Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Mayakoothar and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Kulandhaivalli Tayar. | |||
A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower, is three-tiered in structure. The temple follows the [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the ten-day annual [[Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Margali'' (December - January) and the Nammalvar birth celebrations with Garudasevai with all nine temple of Nava Tirupati, being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. | |||
==Legend== | |||
[[File:Thirukulandhai5.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Image of the gopuram]] | |||
This [[Sthala purana|temple history]] describes Vishnu's power to perform miracles to serve his devotees. Once one [[asura]] abducted Vishnu devotee named Vedasaran's wife Kumudhavalli. The asura performed magic tricks but was vanquished by Vishnu who danced on his head as Koothar. And he restored Kumudhavalli to her husband.<ref name="temple">{{cite book|title=Adinathar Alwar thirukkoil Sthala varalaru|publisher= Temple publication| page =6,7}}</ref> As per another legend, a childless couple named Devasaran and Kumudavalli were residing at a forest named Thadakavanam near Tholavallimangalam. On account of their devotion to Vishnu, they got a girl named Kamaladevi. Kamala was also a very ardent devotee and started doing penance. In spite of many convincing her against it, she was firm and wanted to attain Vishnu as her husband. Since a small girl performed penance at this place, the place came to be known as Palikavanam. From then, the place came to be known as Thirukulanthai.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dasavatharam and Navagrahas in Historical Perspective|url=https://zenodo.org/record/4271461#|pages=42-4|journal=Tamil Journal of Temple Studies|volume=1|year=2020|last1=A.|first1=Radha|last2=Dr. G.|first2=Paranthaman}}</ref> | |||
==Architecture== | |||
The temple has two ''[[prakarams]]'' (closed precincts of a temple). The temple has an image of [[Vishu]] facing east direction. ''Kulam'' refers to tank in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language. The name of the village is derived from the same. The temple is located in [[Tiruchendur]]-[[Tirunelveli]] route, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] in the banks of [[Thamiraparani]] river, in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple is constructed in [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]]. All the shrines of the temple are located in a rectangular granite walls, pierced by a three-tiered [[gopuram]]. The presiding deity is sported in a sitting posture with Sridevi and Bhudevi on either of his sides. The images of Bhudevi and Sridevi along with the festival images are located inside the sanctum. Since Garuda helped Vishnu in the war, he is always sported carrying both Vishnu and Lakshmi.<ref name=M/> In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=HRCE>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|format=PDF|pages=244}}</ref> The temple is one of the places where Vishnu has four consorts namely [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]], [[Bhudevi]], [[Niladevi]], and Kamaladevi.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=478-9}}</ref> | |||
==Festival and religious practices== | |||
[[File:Thirukulandhai.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Temple umbrella]] | |||
The ''[[Garuda]] Sevai utsavam'' (festival) in the month of Vaikasi (May-Jun) witnesses 9 ''[[Garuda]]sevai'', a spectacular event in which festival image idols from the Nava Tirupatis shrines in the area are brought on ''[[Garuda]] [[vahana]]'' (sacred vehicle). An idol of [[Nammalvar]] is also brought here on an ''Anna Vahanam'' (palanquin) and his ''pasurams'' (verses) dedicated to each of these 9 temples are recited. The ''[[utsavar]]'' (festival deity) of [[Nammalvar]] is taken in a palanquin to each of the 9 temples, through the paddy fields in the area. The ''pasurams'' (poems) dedicated to each of the 9 [[Divyadesam]]s are chanted in the respective shrines. This is the most important of the festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jothirlingam: The Indian Temple Guide|publisher=Partridge Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781482847864|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CE55CgAAQBAJ&q=navathirupathi&pg=PT100|last=Suriya}}</ref><ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Ambujam |last=Anantharaman|pages=33–43|publisher=East West Books (Madras)|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8}}</ref> | |||
The temple follows the traditions of the [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] sect of Vaishnava tradition and follows ''Pancharathra aagama''. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] community, from the Brahmin class. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Mayakoothar and Thirukulandhai Nachiyar. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Mayakoothar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=573|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref> | |||
[[ | |||
The temple has | |||
=== | ==Religious significance== | ||
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | |||
|align=right | |||
| total_width = 300 | |||
| width1 = 2560 | height1 = 1536 | |||
| width2 = 2560 | height2 = 1536 | |||
|direction=horizontal | |||
|image1=Thirukulandhai3.jpg | |||
|image2=Thirukulandhai4.jpg | |||
|footer=Sculpture in the temple | |||
}} | |||
''The [[Brahmanda Purana]]'' one of the eighteen sacred texts of Hinduism written by [[Veda Vyasa]] contains a chapter called Navathirupathi Mahatmeeyam. ''Vaikunta Mahatmeeyam'' is another work in [[Sanskrit]] that glorifies the temple and is a part of ''Tamraparani Sthalapurana'' available only in palm manuscripts.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|pages=8–9}}</ref> The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]]. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. Nammalvar makes a reference about the temple in his works in his ''[[Tiruvaymoli]]''. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the temple finds mention in several works like ''108 Tirupati Antati'' by Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar. The temple also forms a series of [[Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu|Navagraha temples]] where each of the nine planetary deities of one of the temples of Nava Tirupati. The temple is associated with the planet [[Shani]] (Saturn).<ref name=M>{{cite book|title=15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=M.|first=Rajagopalan|pages=155–159|publisher=Govindaswamy Printers|location=Chennai, India|year=1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amazing posture at Srivaikuntam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501310400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030129161601/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501310400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2003|date=15 November 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
[[ | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist|20em}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons category| | {{commons category|Srinivasa Perumal Temple, Tirukulandhai}} | ||
{{Nava Tirupathi}} | {{Nava Tirupathi}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:12, 28 March 2026
| Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple | |
|---|---|
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Tuticorin |
| Deity | Srinivasa Perumal (Vishnu) Alamelu Mangai Tayar Vishnu |
Features |
|
| Location | |
| Location | Perungulam |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
  Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Coordinates | 8°38′30.5″N 77°59′38.2″E / 8.641806°N 77.993944°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) |
Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple or Sri Mayakoothar Permual Temple is one of the Nava Tirupatis, nine Hindu temples dedicated to Vishnu located Perungulam along Tiruchendur-Tirunelveli route, Tamil Nadu, India in the southern bank of Thamiraparani river. It is located 5 km from Alvar Thirunagari. All these 9 temples are classified as Divya Desams, the 108 temples of Vishnu revered by the 12 poet-saints of Sri Vaishnavism called the Alvars.[1] The temple is referred to as Shani sthalam, a location for the planet deity, Shani (Saturn). Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Mayakoothar and his consort Lakshmi as Kulandhaivalli Tayar.
A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The rajagopuram, the temple's gateway tower, is three-tiered in structure. The temple follows the Tenkalai tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the ten-day annual Vaikuntha Ekadashi during the Tamil month of Margali (December - January) and the Nammalvar birth celebrations with Garudasevai with all nine temple of Nava Tirupati, being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Legend[edit | edit source]
This temple history describes Vishnu's power to perform miracles to serve his devotees. Once one asura abducted Vishnu devotee named Vedasaran's wife Kumudhavalli. The asura performed magic tricks but was vanquished by Vishnu who danced on his head as Koothar. And he restored Kumudhavalli to her husband.[2] As per another legend, a childless couple named Devasaran and Kumudavalli were residing at a forest named Thadakavanam near Tholavallimangalam. On account of their devotion to Vishnu, they got a girl named Kamaladevi. Kamala was also a very ardent devotee and started doing penance. In spite of many convincing her against it, she was firm and wanted to attain Vishnu as her husband. Since a small girl performed penance at this place, the place came to be known as Palikavanam. From then, the place came to be known as Thirukulanthai.[3]
Architecture[edit | edit source]
The temple has two prakarams (closed precincts of a temple). The temple has an image of Vishu facing east direction. Kulam refers to tank in Tamil language. The name of the village is derived from the same. The temple is located in Tiruchendur-Tirunelveli route, Tamil Nadu, India in the banks of Thamiraparani river, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The temple is constructed in Dravidian style of architecture. All the shrines of the temple are located in a rectangular granite walls, pierced by a three-tiered gopuram. The presiding deity is sported in a sitting posture with Sridevi and Bhudevi on either of his sides. The images of Bhudevi and Sridevi along with the festival images are located inside the sanctum. Since Garuda helped Vishnu in the war, he is always sported carrying both Vishnu and Lakshmi.[4] In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.[5] The temple is one of the places where Vishnu has four consorts namely Sridevi, Bhudevi, Niladevi, and Kamaladevi.[6]
Festival and religious practices[edit | edit source]
The Garuda Sevai utsavam (festival) in the month of Vaikasi (May-Jun) witnesses 9 Garudasevai, a spectacular event in which festival image idols from the Nava Tirupatis shrines in the area are brought on Garuda vahana (sacred vehicle). An idol of Nammalvar is also brought here on an Anna Vahanam (palanquin) and his pasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these 9 temples are recited. The utsavar (festival deity) of Nammalvar is taken in a palanquin to each of the 9 temples, through the paddy fields in the area. The pasurams (poems) dedicated to each of the 9 Divyadesams are chanted in the respective shrines. This is the most important of the festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.[7][8]
The temple follows the traditions of the Tenkalai sect of Vaishnava tradition and follows Pancharathra aagama. The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Vaishnava community, from the Brahmin class. The temple rituals are performed six times a day: Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 p.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: alangaram (decoration), neivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) for both Mayakoothar and Thirukulandhai Nachiyar. During the last step of worship, nadasvaram (pipe instrument) and tavil (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.[9]
Religious significance[edit | edit source]
The Brahmanda Purana one of the eighteen sacred texts of Hinduism written by Veda Vyasa contains a chapter called Navathirupathi Mahatmeeyam. Vaikunta Mahatmeeyam is another work in Sanskrit that glorifies the temple and is a part of Tamraparani Sthalapurana available only in palm manuscripts.[10] The temple is revered in Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by Nammalvar. The temple is classified as a Divya Desam, one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. Nammalvar makes a reference about the temple in his works in his Tiruvaymoli. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the temple finds mention in several works like 108 Tirupati Antati by Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar. The temple also forms a series of Navagraha temples where each of the nine planetary deities of one of the temples of Nava Tirupati. The temple is associated with the planet Shani (Saturn).[4][11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu. M. S. Ramesh, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam.
- ↑ Adinathar Alwar thirukkoil Sthala varalaru. Temple publication. p. 6,7.
- ↑ A., Radha; Dr. G., Paranthaman (2020). "Dasavatharam and Navagrahas in Historical Perspective". Tamil Journal of Temple Studies. 1: 42–4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 M., Rajagopalan (1993). 15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu. Chennai, India: Govindaswamy Printers. pp. 155–159.
- ↑ "Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 244.
- ↑ R., Dr. Vijayalakshmy (2001). An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam (1st ed.). Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp. 478–9.
- ↑ Suriya (2015). Jothirlingam: The Indian Temple Guide. Partridge Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 9781482847864.
- ↑ Anantharaman, Ambujam (2006). Temples of South India. East West Books (Madras). pp. 33–43. ISBN 978-81-88661-42-8.
- ↑ "Sri Mayakoothar temple". Dinamalar. 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ↑ V., Meena. Temples in South India. Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. pp. 8–9.
- ↑ "Amazing posture at Srivaikuntam". The Hindu. 15 November 2001. Archived from the original on 29 January 2003. Retrieved 25 October 2015.