m Removed empty portal template using script |
MDPOliva97 (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|South Asian dodgeball variant}} | |||
{{for|the Iranian television series|Haft Sang (television series)}} | {{for|the Iranian television series|Haft Sang (television series)}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | {{Multiple issues| | ||
{{Essay-like|date=July 2020}} | {{Essay-like|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}} | {{More citations needed|date=July 2020}} | ||
}} | }}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox game | {{Infobox game | ||
| subject_name=Seven stones | | subject_name=Seven stones | ||
| image= [[File:Dabba Kali2.jpg|250px]] | | image= [[File:Dabba Kali2.jpg|250px]] | ||
| caption= A game of Dabba Kali in Kerala | | caption= A game of Dabba Kali in Kerala | ||
| Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
[[File:Pittu.JPG|thumb|Seven stones game|right]] | [[File:Pittu.JPG|thumb|Seven stones game|right]] | ||
[[File:Kids playing Lagori in a Bangalore street.webm|thumb|Kids playing Lagori in a [[Bangalore]] street]] | [[File:Kids playing Lagori in a Bangalore street.webm|thumb|Kids playing Lagori in a [[Bangalore]] street]] | ||
'''''Seven stones''''' (also known by various [[Seven stones#Alternative names|other names]]) is a game from the [[Indian subcontinent]] involving a ball and a pile of flat stones, generally played between two teams in a large outdoor area | '''''Seven stones''''' (also known by various [[Seven stones#Alternative names|other names]]) is a [[Traditional games of India|traditional game]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]] involving a ball and a pile of flat stones, generally played between two teams in a large outdoor area. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Seven | Seven stones is one of the most ancient games originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Its history dates back 5,000 years ago to the [[Bhagavata Purana]], a Hindu religious text, which mentions Lord Krishna, a major deity in Hinduism, playing the game with his friends.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kela |first=Swati |title=Traditional Indian Games |url=https://worldforumfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Traditional-Indian-Games-By-Dr.-Swati-Kela-India-Vancouver-2024.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=worldforumfoundation.org}}</ref> This traditional sport has been played for the last 5 millennia. | ||
Through cultural exchange and migration, the game has made its way to various parts of Asia, such as Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka. The British Empire's colonization process introduced the game to various parts of Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Because the game is now played in over 30 counties, the rules have been adjusted based on where the game is played, however the fundamental rules have remained the same.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Montessori Physical Education Blog Seven Stones: Traditional Game of India, Central and Southeast Asia |url=https://www.montessoriphysicaleducation.com/new-blog/seven-stones-traditional-game-of-india-central-and-southeast-asia2025/3/4 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=Montessori Physical Education |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
==Gameplay== | ==Gameplay== | ||
A member of | {{unref-section|date=November 2025}} | ||
Gameplay varies based on geography and cultural adaptations, but the fundamental rules are as follows. A member of the attacking team (the ''seekers'') throws a ball at a pile of seven stones in an attempt to knock them over. If a seeker fails to knock over at least one stone within a certain amount of tries, it becomes another team members turn. The objective of the seekers is to try and restore the pile of stones while staying safe from the defending team's (the ''hitters’'') throws. The hitters' objective is to hit or touch the seekers with the ball before they can reconstruct the stone pile. If the ball touches a seeker, that seeker is out and the team which the seeker came from continues, without the seeker. Points are awarded to the seekers if they are able to restack the stone pile and hitters receive points for eliminating the seekers. The round is completed when the stone pile is reconstructed or the hitters eliminate all of the seekers. | |||
===Additional rules=== | ===Additional rules=== | ||
{{unref-section|date=November 2025}} | |||
The rules below are optional variations and not used by all players. | |||
* The throwing seeker cannot come too close to the piled-up stones while attempting to knock them over. They have to do so from behind a line marked on the ground. | * The throwing seeker cannot come too close to the piled-up stones while attempting to knock them over. They have to do so from behind a line marked on the ground. | ||
* If the person trying to knock down the pile cannot do it in three tries, | * If the person trying to knock down the pile cannot do it in three tries, their turn is over. | ||
* If the thrower's ball does not knock down the pile and is caught by an opponent | * If the thrower's ball does not knock down the pile and is caught by an opponent after one bounce then the thrower is out. | ||
* Each team contains an equal number of players. | * Each team contains an equal number of players. | ||
* Piles of flat stones contain 7 | * Piles of flat stones contain 7 stones. | ||
* Hitters cannot run with the ball to hit the seekers. | * Hitters cannot run with the ball to hit the seekers. | ||
* The seeker, after restoring the pile of stones, says the game's name to announce the reconstruction of the pile of stones. | * The seeker, after restoring the pile of stones, says the game's name to announce the reconstruction of the pile of stones. | ||
== Alternative names == | == Alternative names == | ||
[[File:കുട്ടികൾ കളിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്ന ഓലപ്പന്ത്.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Olapanthu - ball made of coconut leaves - used to play the game in Kerala]] | [[File:കുട്ടികൾ കളിക്കാൻ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്ന ഓലപ്പന്ത്.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Olapanthu - ball made of coconut leaves - used to play the game in [[Kerala]]]] | ||
In other parts of [[India]], the same game is known several other names: | |||
* '' | In other parts of [[India]], the same game is known by several other names: | ||
* '' | |||
* ''Garam '' ([[Punjab]]) | |||
* ''Pithu garam '' ([[Himachal]]) | |||
* ''Lagori'' ([[Karnataka]]) | * ''Lagori'' ([[Karnataka]]) | ||
* ''Lingoj'' ([[Telangana]]) | * ''Lingoj or Lingot'' ([[Telangana]]) | ||
* ''Lingorcha'', ''Lagori'', ''Seven Tilo'' ([[Maharashtra]]) | * ''Lingorcha'', ''Lagori'', ''Seven Tilo'' ([[Maharashtra]]) | ||
* ''Pitto'', ''Pithu'' ([[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], northern [[Rajasthan]] and [[West Bengal]]) | * ''Pitto'', ''Pithu'' ([[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], northern [[Rajasthan]] and [[West Bengal]]) | ||
* ''Sitoliya'' ([[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]) | * ''Sitoliya'' ([[Rajasthan]], [[Bihar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]) | ||
* ''Satodiyu'' ([[Gujarat]]) | * ''Satodiyu'' ([[Gujarat]]) | ||
* ''Bam Pitto'', ''pittu'' ([[Bihar]]) | * ''Bam Pitto'', ''pittu''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-18 |title=The games we played |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/parenting/the-games-we-played/articleshow/45145248.cms |access-date=2025-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ([[Bihar]]) | ||
* ''Yedu penkulata'', ''Yedu rallu'', ''dikori'' or ''pittu'' ([[Andhra Pradesh]]) | * ''Yedu penkulata'', ''Yedu rallu'', ''dikori'' or ''pittu'' ([[Andhra Pradesh]]) | ||
* ''Palli Patti'' (Karimnagar) | * ''Palli Patti'' (Karimnagar) | ||
* ''Seventees / Dabba kali'' ([[Kerala]], played using a ball made of coconut leaves"olapanthu")<ref>Cohen, Noam. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/08/business/media/a-push-to-redefine-knowledge-at-wikipedia.html?_r=2&ref=noamcohen When Knowledge Isn’t Written, Does It Still Count?]" ''[[The New York Times]]''. 7 August 2011. Retrieved on 22 September 2011.</ref> | * ''Seventees / Dabba kali'' ([[Kerala]], played using a ball made of coconut leaves"olapanthu")<ref>Cohen, Noam. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/08/business/media/a-push-to-redefine-knowledge-at-wikipedia.html?_r=2&ref=noamcohen When Knowledge Isn’t Written, Does It Still Count?]" ''[[The New York Times]]''. 7 August 2011. Retrieved on 22 September 2011.</ref> | ||
* ''Ezhu kallu'' ([[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref>[http://www.traditionalgames.in/home/property-games/seven-stones-elu-kallu Seven stones (ஏழு கல்லு)]</ref> | * ''Ezhu kallu'' ([[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref>[http://www.traditionalgames.in/home/property-games/seven-stones-elu-kallu Seven stones (ஏழு கல்லு)]</ref> | ||
* Garmaan, Garam, Minto ([[Kashmir]]) | * ''Garmaan'', ''Garam'', ''Minto'' ([[Kashmir]]) | ||
* | * ''Sat khapri'' ([[Jharkhand]]) | ||
* ''Pittu'' ([[Odisha]]) | |||
Similar to India, the game is identified differently in various countries, but the spirit of the sport remains the same. | Similar to India, the game is identified differently in various countries, but the spirit of the sport remains the same. | ||
*''Haft Sang'' ([[Iran]]) | *''Haft Sang'' ([[Iran]]) | ||
*''Sat Chara'' ([[Bangladesh]]) | *''Sat Chara'' ([[Bangladesh]]) | ||
*''Pitho Garam, Pitthu Garam, Pitthu Gol Garam,''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=12 July 2018|title=Pitthu Gol Garam|url=http://www.dentisty.org/pitthu-gol-garam.html|access-date=4 June 2020|website=www.dentisty.org|quote=… the players loudly say “PITTU GOL GARAM” …}}</ref> ''Pittu Garam,''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shahid|first=Dr Khwaja Ali|date=2013-11-24|title=Game over?|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1058129|access-date=2020-06-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> ''Pittu Gol Garam''<ref name=":2" /> ([[Pakistan]]) | *''Seven Stone / Game Ball'' ([[Nepal]]) | ||
*''Pitho Garam, Pitthu Garam, Pitthu Gol Garam,''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=12 July 2018|title=Pitthu Gol Garam|url=http://www.dentisty.org/pitthu-gol-garam.html|access-date=4 June 2020|website=www.dentisty.org|quote=… the players loudly say “PITTU GOL GARAM” …}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=90bet login |url=https://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/wp-content/uploads/ABCUniformChampionshipRules.pdf |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010163440/https://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/wp-content/uploads/ABCUniformChampionshipRules.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ''Pittu Garam,''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shahid|first=Dr Khwaja Ali|date=2013-11-24|title=Game over?|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1058129|access-date=2020-06-04|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> ''Pittu Gol Garam''<ref name=":2" /> ([[Pakistan]]) | |||
*''Cantracon'' ([[Afghanistan]]) | *''Cantracon'' ([[Afghanistan]]) | ||
== Modern day == | == Modern day == | ||
Traditional games such as seven stones are not as popular as they once were, but the game is still played by at least 30 nations across the world. The game has gradually gained a considerable amount of global prominence. However, India is the epicenter of the development of the game on with a bigger platform and a wide outreach to contemporary audience. The Indian Lagori Premier League that was held in November 2017 had gathered great momentum across the nation which was organized by the Amateur Lagori Federation of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-now-a-premier-league-to-popularise-lagori-2055688|title=Now, a premier league to popularise Lagori|last=Paranjpe|first=Shailendra|date=2015-01-26|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> They have also made efforts to push the game to several states of India as well as in other countries, playing a pivotal role in popularizing the game. The second Lagori World Cup (first being played in 2015) is soon going to take place later this year, several nations including Indian, Bhutan Hong Kong, Brazil, Turket, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal will go face to face.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/lagoris-global-push/articleshow/59328877.cms|title=Lagori's global push|last=Sanjiv|first=Deepthi|date=June 27, 2017|website=Bangalore Mirror|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}</ref> | |||
The rules have not changed that much over the years, however there have been some changes brought in the way the game is being played. The following fundamentals were laid down by the International Lagori Foundation: Each team would have 12 players, with only 6 players on the court for every set. One set lasts for 3 minutes followed by a half minute break in between sets. One match has typically 3 sets and the team scoring maximum points wins. Other than that, the rules are basically the same for all leagues. Having said that, the game has definitely come a long way from what it was. From a dusty open field to an indoor synthetic turf, from a pile of stones lying around in the field to 7 circular fibre discs made for the game, and from an old tennis ball to a softball specifically tailored for the game.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/lagori-league-formed-to-popularise-the-traditional-sport-in-state/article7103915.ece|title=Lagori league formed to popularise the traditional sport in State|last=Bennur|first=Shankar|date=2015-04-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | The rules have not changed that much over the years, however there have been some changes brought in the way the game is being played. The following fundamentals were laid down by the International Lagori Foundation: Each team would have 12 players, with only 6 players on the court for every set. One set lasts for 3 minutes followed by a half minute break in between sets. One match has typically 3 sets and the team scoring maximum points wins. Other than that, the rules are basically the same for all leagues. Having said that, the game has definitely come a long way from what it was. From a dusty open field to an indoor synthetic turf, from a pile of stones lying around in the field to 7 circular fibre discs made for the game, and from an old tennis ball to a softball specifically tailored for the game.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/lagori-league-formed-to-popularise-the-traditional-sport-in-state/article7103915.ece|title=Lagori league formed to popularise the traditional sport in State|last=Bennur|first=Shankar|date=2015-04-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-31|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
Despite the game almost being forgotten and becoming extinct in the past few decades, the inaugural World Cup help in 2015 was a huge success paired with the Indian Lagori Premiere League (ILPL) catering to a wide audience in the country | Despite the game almost being forgotten and becoming extinct in the past few decades, the inaugural World Cup help in 2015 was a huge success paired with the Indian Lagori Premiere League (ILPL) catering to a wide audience in the country. | ||
==In popular media== | ==In popular media== | ||
* In the grand season finale of [[TVF Triplings]], a popular Indian mini internet series made by [[TVF (The Viral Fever)]], a game of SPL (Sitoliya Pitto Lagori) acts as the glue that brings together a group of estranged siblings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Season finale - Season 1 episode 5 - TVF Triplings with Tata Tiago|url=http://tvfplay.com/episode/1/130/154/838|website=tvfplay.com|publisher=TVF - The Viral Fever media Labs|access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref> | * In the grand season finale of [[TVF Triplings]], a popular Indian mini internet series made by [[TVF (The Viral Fever)]], a game of SPL (Sitoliya Pitto Lagori) acts as the glue that brings together a group of estranged siblings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Season finale - Season 1 episode 5 - TVF Triplings with Tata Tiago|url=http://tvfplay.com/episode/1/130/154/838|website=tvfplay.com|publisher=TVF - The Viral Fever media Labs|access-date=13 October 2016|archive-date=12 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012223638/http://tvfplay.com/episode/1/130/154/838|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 91: | Line 89: | ||
{{Team Sport}} | {{Team Sport}} | ||
{{Outdoor games}} | |||
[[Category:Sports originating in India]] | [[Category:Sports originating in India]] | ||
| Line 99: | Line 98: | ||
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]] | [[Category:Culture of Karnataka]] | ||
[[Category:Indian games]] | [[Category:Indian games]] | ||
[[Category:Variations of dodgeball]] | |||
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] | [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] | ||
[[Category:Indian inventions]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:59, 21 March 2026
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Seven stones (also known by various other names) is a traditional game from the Indian subcontinent involving a ball and a pile of flat stones, generally played between two teams in a large outdoor area.
History[edit | edit source]
Seven stones is one of the most ancient games originating from the Indian subcontinent. Its history dates back 5,000 years ago to the Bhagavata Purana, a Hindu religious text, which mentions Lord Krishna, a major deity in Hinduism, playing the game with his friends.[1] This traditional sport has been played for the last 5 millennia.
Through cultural exchange and migration, the game has made its way to various parts of Asia, such as Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka. The British Empire's colonization process introduced the game to various parts of Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Because the game is now played in over 30 counties, the rules have been adjusted based on where the game is played, however the fundamental rules have remained the same.[2]
Gameplay[edit | edit source]
Template:Unref-section Gameplay varies based on geography and cultural adaptations, but the fundamental rules are as follows. A member of the attacking team (the seekers) throws a ball at a pile of seven stones in an attempt to knock them over. If a seeker fails to knock over at least one stone within a certain amount of tries, it becomes another team members turn. The objective of the seekers is to try and restore the pile of stones while staying safe from the defending team's (the hitters’) throws. The hitters' objective is to hit or touch the seekers with the ball before they can reconstruct the stone pile. If the ball touches a seeker, that seeker is out and the team which the seeker came from continues, without the seeker. Points are awarded to the seekers if they are able to restack the stone pile and hitters receive points for eliminating the seekers. The round is completed when the stone pile is reconstructed or the hitters eliminate all of the seekers.
Additional rules[edit | edit source]
Template:Unref-section The rules below are optional variations and not used by all players.
- The throwing seeker cannot come too close to the piled-up stones while attempting to knock them over. They have to do so from behind a line marked on the ground.
- If the person trying to knock down the pile cannot do it in three tries, their turn is over.
- If the thrower's ball does not knock down the pile and is caught by an opponent after one bounce then the thrower is out.
- Each team contains an equal number of players.
- Piles of flat stones contain 7 stones.
- Hitters cannot run with the ball to hit the seekers.
- The seeker, after restoring the pile of stones, says the game's name to announce the reconstruction of the pile of stones.
Alternative names[edit | edit source]
In other parts of India, the same game is known by several other names:
- Garam (Punjab)
- Pithu garam (Himachal)
- Lagori (Karnataka)
- Lingoj or Lingot (Telangana)
- Lingorcha, Lagori, Seven Tilo (Maharashtra)
- Pitto, Pithu (Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, northern Rajasthan and West Bengal)
- Sitoliya (Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh)
- Satodiyu (Gujarat)
- Bam Pitto, pittu[3] (Bihar)
- Yedu penkulata, Yedu rallu, dikori or pittu (Andhra Pradesh)
- Palli Patti (Karimnagar)
- Seventees / Dabba kali (Kerala, played using a ball made of coconut leaves"olapanthu")[4]
- Ezhu kallu (Tamil Nadu).[5]
- Garmaan, Garam, Minto (Kashmir)
- Sat khapri (Jharkhand)
- Pittu (Odisha)
Similar to India, the game is identified differently in various countries, but the spirit of the sport remains the same.
- Haft Sang (Iran)
- Sat Chara (Bangladesh)
- Seven Stone / Game Ball (Nepal)
- Pitho Garam, Pitthu Garam, Pitthu Gol Garam,[6][7] Pittu Garam,[8] Pittu Gol Garam[6] (Pakistan)
- Cantracon (Afghanistan)
Modern day[edit | edit source]
Traditional games such as seven stones are not as popular as they once were, but the game is still played by at least 30 nations across the world. The game has gradually gained a considerable amount of global prominence. However, India is the epicenter of the development of the game on with a bigger platform and a wide outreach to contemporary audience. The Indian Lagori Premier League that was held in November 2017 had gathered great momentum across the nation which was organized by the Amateur Lagori Federation of India.[9] They have also made efforts to push the game to several states of India as well as in other countries, playing a pivotal role in popularizing the game. The second Lagori World Cup (first being played in 2015) is soon going to take place later this year, several nations including Indian, Bhutan Hong Kong, Brazil, Turket, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal will go face to face.[10]
The rules have not changed that much over the years, however there have been some changes brought in the way the game is being played. The following fundamentals were laid down by the International Lagori Foundation: Each team would have 12 players, with only 6 players on the court for every set. One set lasts for 3 minutes followed by a half minute break in between sets. One match has typically 3 sets and the team scoring maximum points wins. Other than that, the rules are basically the same for all leagues. Having said that, the game has definitely come a long way from what it was. From a dusty open field to an indoor synthetic turf, from a pile of stones lying around in the field to 7 circular fibre discs made for the game, and from an old tennis ball to a softball specifically tailored for the game.[11]
Despite the game almost being forgotten and becoming extinct in the past few decades, the inaugural World Cup help in 2015 was a huge success paired with the Indian Lagori Premiere League (ILPL) catering to a wide audience in the country.
In popular media[edit | edit source]
- In the grand season finale of TVF Triplings, a popular Indian mini internet series made by TVF (The Viral Fever), a game of SPL (Sitoliya Pitto Lagori) acts as the glue that brings together a group of estranged siblings.[12]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kela, Swati. "Traditional Indian Games" (PDF). worldforumfoundation.org.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Montessori Physical Education Blog Seven Stones: Traditional Game of India, Central and Southeast Asia". Montessori Physical Education. 9 March 2025. Retrieved 15 November 2025.
- ↑ "The games we played". The Times of India. 18 November 2014. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ↑ Cohen, Noam. "When Knowledge Isn’t Written, Does It Still Count?" The New York Times. 7 August 2011. Retrieved on 22 September 2011.
- ↑ Seven stones (ஏழு கல்லு)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Pitthu Gol Garam". www.dentisty.org. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
… the players loudly say "PITTU GOL GARAM" …
- ↑ "90bet login" (PDF). Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ Shahid, Dr Khwaja Ali (24 November 2013). "Game over?". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ↑ Paranjpe, Shailendra (26 January 2015). "Now, a premier league to popularise Lagori". DNA India. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
- ↑ Sanjiv, Deepthi (27 June 2017). "Lagori's global push". Bangalore Mirror. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
- ↑ Bennur, Shankar (15 April 2015). "Lagori league formed to popularise the traditional sport in State". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 31 August 2019.
- ↑ "Season finale - Season 1 episode 5 - TVF Triplings with Tata Tiago". tvfplay.com. TVF - The Viral Fever media Labs. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.