Content improved for clarity and flow |
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m Robot: Replacing encoded entity with character |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Bishunpur | | name = Bishunpur | ||
| nickname = | | nickname = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy --> | ||
| settlement_type = Community development block | | settlement_type = Community development block | ||
| image_skyline = | | image_skyline = | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisia blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks). | Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisia blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://gumla.nic.in/about-district/ |title = Gumla |work = About district/ Administrative Set-up/ Subdivision | publisher= Gumla district authorities| access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Maoist activities== | ==Maoist activities== | ||
The [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Maoist]] insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles. | The [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Maoist]] insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla | title = District Police Profile Gumla | work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 7 October 2021 | archive-date = 5 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211005032328/https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called ''pat'', with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The ''pat'' region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356&nbsp;ft), Lamiti pat (3,777&nbsp;ft) and Galgat pat (3,823&nbsp;ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi Plateau|Ranchi Plateau]] with an average elevation of 2,300 feet. | In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called ''pat'', with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The ''pat'' region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356&nbsp;ft), Lamiti pat (3,777&nbsp;ft) and Galgat pat (3,823&nbsp;ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi Plateau|Ranchi Plateau]] with an average elevation of 2,300 feet.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= page 7: Natural Divisions|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Chota-Nagpur |title = Chota Nagpur plateau |publisher= Britannica| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are [[South Koel River]], [[North Karo River]] and [[Sankh River]]. | Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are [[South Koel River]], [[North Karo River]] and [[Sankh River]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | title = District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12 | work = page 6 | publisher = District administration - Gumla | access-date = 7 October 2021 | archive-date = 7 August 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220807211338/http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
The {{convert|60|m}} [[Sadni Falls]] on the [[Sankh River]] is a [[Escarpment|scarp]] fall. It is referred to as a snake type falls and is a popular picnic spot. | The {{convert|60|m}} [[Sadni Falls]] on the [[Sankh River]] is a [[Escarpment|scarp]] fall. It is referred to as a snake type falls and is a popular picnic spot.<ref name=govt>{{cite web |url =http://jharkhand.nic.in/access.htm |title =Jharkhand |publisher =Jharkhand Govt. |accessdate =2010-04-20 |archive-date =29 April 2010 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100429084736/http://jharkhand.nic.in/access.htm |url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T1Y_Ytx9wp4C&q=hundru+falls&pg=PA161 | title = Physical Geography: Hydrosphere By K. Bharatdwaj | isbn = 9788183561679 |accessdate = 2010-04-20 | last1 = Bharatdwaj | first1 = K. | year = 2006 }}</ref> Its surroundings are spectacular with hillocks, forests and streams.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Jharkhand/Gumla/Sadani-Waterfalls-15105.htm | title = Sadani Falls |publisher = india9 |accessdate = 2010-04-20 }}</ref> | ||
Bishunpur CD block is bounded by [[Peshrar block|Peshrar]] CD block in Lohardaga district on a portion of the north and the east, [[Ghaghra block|Ghaghra]] and [[Chainpur block, Gumla|Chainpur]] CD blocks on the south, Mahuadanr CD block in Latehar district on a portion of the west, and [[Garu Block|Garu]] CD block in Latehar district on portions of the west and north. | Bishunpur CD block is bounded by [[Peshrar block|Peshrar]] CD block in Lohardaga district on a portion of the north and the east, [[Ghaghra block|Ghaghra]] and [[Chainpur block, Gumla|Chainpur]] CD blocks on the south, Mahuadanr CD block in Latehar district on a portion of the west, and [[Garu Block|Garu]] CD block in Latehar district on portions of the west and north.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/gumla.html | title = Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/lohardaga.html | title = Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/latehar.html | title = Letehar CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
Bishunpur CD block has an area of 609.47&nbsp;km | Bishunpur CD block has an area of 609.47&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2021_PART_B_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref>[[Bishunpur, Gumla#Police station|Bishunpur]] police station serves Bishunpur CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| title = District Police Profile - Gumla| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 5 October 2021| archive-date = 5 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211005032328/https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| url-status = dead}}</ref> The headquarters of Bishunpur CD block is located at [[Bishunpur, Gumla|Bishunpur]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Gumla district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
===Population=== | ===Population=== | ||
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bishunpur CD block had a total population of 62,319, all of which were rural. There were 31,506 (51%) males and 30,813 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 11,717. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 1,021 (1.64%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 56,052 (89.94%). | According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bishunpur CD block had a total population of 62,319, all of which were rural. There were 31,506 (51%) males and 30,813 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 11,717. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 1,021 (1.64%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 56,052 (89.94%).<ref name=census2011/> | ||
===Literacy=== | ===Literacy=== | ||
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Bishunpur CD block was 29,322 (57.95% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 17,703 (71.89% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 11,619 (46.52% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.37%. | According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Bishunpur CD block was 29,322 (57.95% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 17,703 (71.89% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 11,619 (46.52% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.37%.<ref name=census2011/> | ||
{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011. | {{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]] | See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]] | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religions in Bishunpur block (2011) | |title=Religions in Bishunpur block (2011)<ref name="Religion"/> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
|left1=Religion | |left1=Religion | ||
| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 46,146 and formed 74.05% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Hindus]] (8,409/ 13.49%), [[Christians]] (7,109/ 11.41%), [[Muslims]] (294/ 0.47%), and persons who did not state their religion (328/ 0.53%) ). | According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 46,146 and formed 74.05% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Hindus]] (8,409/ 13.49%), [[Christians]] (7,109/ 11.41%), [[Muslims]] (294/ 0.47%), and persons who did not state their religion (328/ 0.53%) ).<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] (62.63%), [[Munda people|Munda, Patars]] (11.70%), [[Kharia people|Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia]] (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and [[Chik Baraik]] (2.57%). | [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): [[Kurukh people|Oraon]] (62.63%), [[Munda people|Munda, Patars]] (11.70%), [[Kharia people|Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia]] (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and [[Chik Baraik]] (2.57%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|caption = Languages in Bishunpur block (2011) | |caption = Languages in Bishunpur block (2011)<ref name="language"/> | ||
|label1 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value1 = 42.49 |color1 = burlywood | |label1 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value1 = 42.49 |color1 = burlywood | ||
|label2 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value2= 40.90 |color2 = mediumseagreen | |label2 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value2= 40.90 |color2 = mediumseagreen | ||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, [[Hindi]] was the mother-tongue of 28,776 persons forming 46.18% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] (25,487/ 40.90%), [[Munda languages|Munda]] (1,078/ 1.73), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] (855/ 1.37%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (6,117/ 9.82%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 12,177 persons having [[Sadri language|Sadri]]/ [[Sadan people|Sadan]], 14,303 persons having [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] as mother-tongue. | According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, [[Hindi]] was the mother-tongue of 28,776 persons forming 46.18% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] (25,487/ 40.90%), [[Munda languages|Munda]] (1,078/ 1.73), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] (855/ 1.37%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (6,117/ 9.82%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 12,177 persons having [[Sadri language|Sadri]]/ [[Sadan people|Sadan]], 14,303 persons having [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] as mother-tongue.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> | ||
<br/><small>Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 300 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 300 persons as their mother-tongue in the census data are normally included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details. The census data for this page has a large amount for “other languages”, without any information about what it includes.</small> | |||
[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language. | [[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=18 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
===Overview=== | ===Overview=== | ||
80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005. | 80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref> In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref> According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | accessdate = 9 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
===Livelihood=== | ===Livelihood=== | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|caption= '''Livelihood | |caption= '''Livelihood<br/>in Bishunpur CD block''' | ||
|value1 = 64.95 | |value1 = 64.95 | ||
|label1 = Cultivators | |label1 = Cultivators | ||
| Line 130: | Line 130: | ||
|label4 = Other Workers}} | |label4 = Other Workers}} | ||
In Bishunpur CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 19,284 and formed 64.95%, agricultural labourers numbered 6,062 and formed 20.42%, household industry workers numbered 853 and formed 2.87% and other workers numbered 3,493 and formed 11.76%. Total workers numbered 29,692 and formed 47.65% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 32,627 and formed 52.35% of the population. | In Bishunpur CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 19,284 and formed 64.95%, agricultural labourers numbered 6,062 and formed 20.42%, household industry workers numbered 853 and formed 2.87% and other workers numbered 3,493 and formed 11.76%. Total workers numbered 29,692 and formed 47.65% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 32,627 and formed 52.35% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 51 and 54 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
===Infrastructure=== | ===Infrastructure=== | ||
There are 68 inhabited villages in Bishunpur CD block. In 2011, 11 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 68 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 67 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 3 villages had telephones (land lines), 26 villages had mobile phone coverage. 68 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 11 villages had bus service (public/ private), 3 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 3 villages had taxi/ vans, 16 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 1 village had agricultural credit society, 29 villages had [[public distribution system]], 34 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]]. | There are 68 inhabited villages in Bishunpur CD block. In 2011, 11 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 68 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 67 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 3 villages had telephones (land lines), 26 villages had mobile phone coverage. 68 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 11 villages had bus service (public/ private), 3 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 3 villages had taxi/ vans, 16 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 1 village had agricultural credit society, 29 villages had [[public distribution system]], 34 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 446-448, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
===Agriculture=== | ===Agriculture=== | ||
In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible. | In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | title = District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12 | work = pages 6, 9 | publisher = District administration - Gumla | access-date = 9 October 2021 | archive-date = 7 August 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220807211338/http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
===Bauxite mining=== | ===Bauxite mining=== | ||
[[Bauxite]] and laterite (aluminium ore) is found in “villages of Amtipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-agiatu in Chainpur block and Hanrup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. The total number of bauxite mines is twenty one”. | [[Bauxite]] and laterite (aluminium ore) is found in “villages of Amtipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-agiatu in Chainpur block and Hanrup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. The total number of bauxite mines is twenty one”.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | title = District Gumla:Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan, 2011-2012 | work = Page 6: Natural Resources / Minerals | publisher = District Administration, Gumla | access-date = 25 October 2021 | archive-date = 7 August 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220807211338/http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== | ===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== | ||
Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. | Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 9 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
Bishunpur CD block had 33 villages with pre-primary schools, 62 villages with primary schools, 28 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 4 villages had no educational facility. | Bishunpur CD block had 33 villages with pre-primary schools, 62 villages with primary schools, 28 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 4 villages had no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 446-448 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 October 2021}}</ref> | ||
<br/><small>.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand</small> | |||
==Healthcare== | ==Healthcare== | ||
Bishunpur CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 14 villages with primary health subcentres, 9 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 4 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops. | Bishunpur CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 14 villages with primary health subcentres, 9 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 4 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/> | ||
<br/><small>.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included</small> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:08, 22 March 2026
Bishunpur | |
|---|---|
Community development block | |
  Bishunpur Location in Jharkhand  Bishunpur Bishunpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°22′53″N 84°22′18″E / 23.381484°N 84.371667°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| District | Gumla |
| Government | |
| • Type | Federal democracy |
| Area | |
| • Total | 609.47 km2 (235.32 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 62,319 |
| • Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 835231 |
| Telephone/STD code | 06524 |
| Vehicle registration | JH 07 |
| Literacy | 57.95% |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Lohardaga |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Bishunpur |
| Website | gumla |
Bishunpur block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Gumla subdivision of Gumla district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
History[edit | edit source]
Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisia blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks).[1]
Maoist activities[edit | edit source]
The Maoist insurgency started spreading around the mid-1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet-proof and landmine-proof vehicles.[2]
Geography[edit | edit source]
In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called pat, with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The pat region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356 ft), Lamiti pat (3,777 ft) and Galgat pat (3,823 ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the Ranchi Plateau with an average elevation of 2,300 feet.[3][4]
Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are South Koel River, North Karo River and Sankh River.[5]
The 60 metres (200 ft) Sadni Falls on the Sankh River is a scarp fall. It is referred to as a snake type falls and is a popular picnic spot.[6][7] Its surroundings are spectacular with hillocks, forests and streams.[8]
Bishunpur CD block is bounded by Peshrar CD block in Lohardaga district on a portion of the north and the east, Ghaghra and Chainpur CD blocks on the south, Mahuadanr CD block in Latehar district on a portion of the west, and Garu CD block in Latehar district on portions of the west and north.[9][10][11]
Bishunpur CD block has an area of 609.47 km2.[12]Bishunpur police station serves Bishunpur CD block.[13] The headquarters of Bishunpur CD block is located at Bishunpur village.[14]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
Population[edit | edit source]
According to the 2011 Census of India, Bishunpur CD block had a total population of 62,319, all of which were rural. There were 31,506 (51%) males and 30,813 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 11,717. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,021 (1.64%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 56,052 (89.94%).[12]
Literacy[edit | edit source]
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Bishunpur CD block was 29,322 (57.95% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 17,703 (71.89% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 11,619 (46.52% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.37%.[12]
As of 2011[update] census, literacy in Gumla district was 66.92%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[15] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[16]
See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
Template:Literacy in CD Blocks of Gumla district
Language and religion[edit | edit source]
According to the Population by Religious Communities 2011 data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, ‘Other religious communities’ numbered 46,146 and formed 74.05% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Hindus (8,409/ 13.49%), Christians (7,109/ 11.41%), Muslims (294/ 0.47%), and persons who did not state their religion (328/ 0.53%) ).[17]
Scheduled Tribes numbered 706,754 and formed 68.94% of the total population of Gumla district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Oraon (62.63%), Munda, Patars (11.70%), Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia (9.07%), Lohras (5.77%) and Chik Baraik (2.57%).[18]
According to the Population by Mother Tongue 2011 data, in the Bishunpur subdistrict, Hindi was the mother-tongue of 28,776 persons forming 46.18% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) Kurukh (25,487/ 40.90%), Munda (1,078/ 1.73), Mundari (855/ 1.37%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (6,117/ 9.82%). Persons with Hindi as mother-tongue included 12,177 persons having Sadri/ Sadan, 14,303 persons having Nagpuri as mother-tongue.[19]
Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 300 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 300 persons as their mother-tongue in the census data are normally included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details. The census data for this page has a large amount for “other languages”, without any information about what it includes.
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[20]
Economy[edit | edit source]
Overview[edit | edit source]
80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.[21] In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%.[22] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."[23]
Livelihood[edit | edit source]
Livelihood
in Bishunpur CD block
Cultivators (64.95%)
Agricultural labourers (20.42%)
Household industries (2.87%)
Other Workers (11.76%)
In Bishunpur CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 19,284 and formed 64.95%, agricultural labourers numbered 6,062 and formed 20.42%, household industry workers numbered 853 and formed 2.87% and other workers numbered 3,493 and formed 11.76%. Total workers numbered 29,692 and formed 47.65% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 32,627 and formed 52.35% of the population.[24]
Infrastructure[edit | edit source]
There are 68 inhabited villages in Bishunpur CD block. In 2011, 11 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 68 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 67 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 3 villages had telephones (land lines), 26 villages had mobile phone coverage. 68 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 11 villages had bus service (public/ private), 3 villages had autos/ modified autos, 3 villages had taxi/ vans, 16 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 1 village had agricultural credit society, 29 villages had public distribution system, 34 villages had assembly polling stations.[25]
Agriculture[edit | edit source]
In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities...” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible.[26]
Bauxite mining[edit | edit source]
Bauxite and laterite (aluminium ore) is found in “villages of Amtipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-agiatu in Chainpur block and Hanrup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. The total number of bauxite mines is twenty one”.[27]
Backward Regions Grant Fund[edit | edit source]
Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[28][29]
Education[edit | edit source]
Bishunpur CD block had 33 villages with pre-primary schools, 62 villages with primary schools, 28 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 4 villages had no educational facility.[30]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand
Healthcare[edit | edit source]
Bishunpur CD block had 3 villages with primary health centres, 14 villages with primary health subcentres, 9 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 4 villages with allopathic hospitals, 2 villages with dispensaries, 3 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.[30]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Gumla". About district/ Administrative Set-up/ Subdivision. Gumla district authorities. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Police Profile Gumla". Security Scenario. Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). page 7: Natural Divisions. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ "Chota Nagpur plateau". Britannica. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12" (PDF). page 6. District administration - Gumla. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ "Jharkhand". Jharkhand Govt. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ Bharatdwaj, K. (2006). Physical Geography: Hydrosphere By K. Bharatdwaj. ISBN 9788183561679. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ "Sadani Falls". india9. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ "Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ↑ "Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ↑ "Letehar CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Police Profile - Gumla". Jharkhand Police. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Gumla district on the fifth page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- ↑ "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
- ↑ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ↑ "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ↑ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 51 and 54. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Gumla, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 446-448, Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12" (PDF). pages 6, 9. District administration - Gumla. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ "District Gumla:Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan, 2011-2012" (PDF). Page 6: Natural Resources / Minerals. District Administration, Gumla. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ↑ "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 446-448. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 10 October 2021.