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{{Short description|Maharaja of Mysore | {{Short description|Maharaja of Mysore from 1902 to 1940}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date = August 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date = August 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox royalty | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox royalty | ||
| name = Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | | name = Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| image = | | image = Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar 1881-1940.jpg | ||
| image_size = 240px | |||
| succession = 24th [[Maharaja of Mysore]] | | succession = 24th [[Maharaja of Mysore]] | ||
| reign = 1902 – 1940 | | reign = 8 February 1902 – 3 August 1940 | ||
| caption = Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | | caption = Photograph of Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | ||
| coronation = 1 February 1895, [[Mysore Palace]] | | coronation = 1 February 1895, [[Mysore Palace]] | ||
| predecessor = [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X]] | | predecessor = [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X]] | ||
| successor = [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] | | successor = [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] | ||
| spouse = | | spouse = Pratapa Kumaribai Devi | ||
| issue = | | issue = | ||
| full name = Rajarshi Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar Bahadur | | full name = Rajarshi Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar Bahadur | ||
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| mother = [[Kempananjammani Devi]] | | mother = [[Kempananjammani Devi]] | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|6|4|df=yes}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1884|6|4|df=yes}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Mysore Palace]], [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] | | birth_place = [[Mysore Palace]], [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], [[India]]) | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|8|3|1884|6|4|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|8|3|1884|6|4|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = [[Bangalore Palace]], [[Bangalore]], | | death_place = [[Bangalore Palace]], [[Bangalore]], Kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India) | ||
| religion = [[Hinduism]] | | religion = [[Hinduism]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV '''( | '''Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV '''(4 June 1884 – 3 August 1940) was the twenty-fourth [[Maharaja of Mysore]], reigning from 1902 until his death in 1940. | ||
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV is popularly deemed a ''[[rajarshi]]'', or 'saintly king', a moniker with which [[Mahatma Gandhi]] revered the king in 1925 for his administrative reforms and achievements. | Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV is popularly deemed a ''[[rajarshi]]'', or 'saintly king', a moniker with which [[Mahatma Gandhi]] revered the king in 1925 for his administrative reforms and achievements.<ref name="The Rajarshi of Mysore">{{Cite web |date=Jun 6, 2009 |title=The Rajarshi of Mysore |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/the-rajarshi-of-mysore/articleshow/22127710.cms |access-date=2021-06-09 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>Puttaswamaiah, K., 1980. ''Economic development of Karnataka. A treatise in continuity and change.'' New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, p. 3</ref> He was a philosopher king, seen by [[Paul Brunton]] as living the ideal expressed in [[Plato]]'s [[The Republic (Plato)|''Republic'']].<ref>[http://paulbrunton.org/notebooks/para/18794 "Notebooks of Paul Brunton, Category 15: The Orient"], Chapter 2, p.453</ref> [[Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel|Herbert Samuel]] compared him to Emperor [[Ashoka]]. Acknowledging the maharaja's noble and efficient kingship, [[John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey|John Sankey]] declared in 1930 at the first [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] in London, "Mysore is the best administered state in the world".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-26 |title=Protect heritage Krishnaraja Boulevard with iron grills |url=https://starofmysore.com/protect-heritage-krishnaraja-boulevard-with-iron-grills/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mysore State – Connect with IISc |url=https://connect.iisc.ac.in/tag/mysore-state/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> He is often regarded as the "father of modern Mysore" and his reign the "golden age of Mysore".<ref name="BL">{{cite web |title=[Group portrait of] the Maharaja [of Mysore] & his brothers and sisters. |url=http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000015S4U00029000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025013809/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO0000015S4U00029000 |archive-date=25 October 2008 |access-date=23 October 2007 |publisher=[[British Library]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]] described the maharaja as "[[Dharma|dharmic]]" (virtuous in conduct). [[John Gunther]], the American author, heaped praise on the king. In an obituary, ''[[The Times]]'' called him "a ruling prince second to none in esteem and affection inspired by both his impressive administration and his attractive personality".<ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 1940 |title=Times' Tribute To Mysore Ruler |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/morningtribune19400806-1.2.18 |access-date=10 May 2017 |work=Morning Tribune |page=2}}</ref> | ||
At the time of his death, Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was one of the world's wealthiest men, with a personal fortune estimated in 1940 to be worth US$400 million, equivalent to $7 billion in 2018 prices. | At the time of his death, Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was one of the world's wealthiest men, with a personal fortune estimated in 1940 to be worth US$400 million, equivalent to $7 billion in 2018 prices.<ref>Current Biography 1940, p833</ref> | ||
==Early years== | ==Early years== | ||
[[File:Maharaja mysore1895.jpg|thumb|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV aged 11 | [[File:Maharaja mysore1895.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV aged 11, {{circa|1895}}]] | ||
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was born on 4 June 1884 in [[Mysore Palace]] | Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was born on 4 June 1884 in [[Mysore Palace]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=T O |first=Aswathy |date=2020-06-04 |title=Remembering Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar, the iconic Mysuru ruler on his 136th birth anniversary |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/remembering-maharaja-krishnaraja-wadiyar-iconic-mysuru-ruler-his-136th-birth-anniversary-821549 |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=[[International Business Times]] India}}</ref> as the son of Maharaja [[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X]] and Maharani [[Kempananjammani Devi|Kempananjammanni Devi]]. After the sudden death of his father in [[Calcutta]] in 1894, the widowed queen mother Kempananjammanni Devi ruled the state as regent from 1895 to 1902, until Krishnaraja Wadiyar reached the age of maturity on 8 August 1902. Upon accession to the throne, he became the fourth king of Mysore by the name, hence known in the vernacular language [[Kannada]] as ''Nalwadi'' Krishnaraja Wadiyar (the qualifying prefix {{lang|ka|nālvaḍi}} means "the fourth"). | ||
The maharaja had his early education and training at Lokaranjan Palace in Mysore under the direction of P. Raghavendra Rao. In addition to Western studies, he was instructed in Kannada and [[Sanskrit]]. He was taught horse-riding and Indian and Western classical music. His early administrative training was imparted by [[Stuart Fraser (diplomat)|Sir Stuart Fraser]] of the [[Bombay Civil Service]]. The study of the principles of jurisprudence and methods of revenue administration was supplemented by extensive tours of the state during which he gained immense knowledge of the nature of the country which he was later to govern. | The maharaja had his early education and training at Lokaranjan Palace in Mysore under the direction of P. Raghavendra Rao. In addition to Western studies, he was instructed in Kannada and [[Sanskrit]]. He was taught horse-riding and Indian and Western classical music. His early administrative training was imparted by [[Stuart Fraser (diplomat)|Sir Stuart Fraser]] of the [[Bombay Civil Service]]. The study of the principles of jurisprudence and methods of revenue administration was supplemented by extensive tours of the state during which he gained immense knowledge of the nature of the country which he was later to govern. | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
=== Accession === | === Accession === | ||
Shortly after the death of his father Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X on 28 December 1894, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, still a boy of eleven, ascended the throne on 1 February 1895. His mother Maharani Kemparajammanni Devi ruled as [[regent|queen regent]] until Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV took over on 8 February 1902. | Shortly after the death of his father Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X on 28 December 1894, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, still a boy of eleven, ascended the throne on 1 February 1895. His mother Maharani Kemparajammanni Devi ruled as [[regent|queen regent]] until Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV took over on 8 February 1902.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jois |first=Rama |title=Legal and Constitutional History of India: Ancient Legal, Judicial and Constitutional System |publisher=Universal Law Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-7534-206-4 |location=Delhi |pages=597 |author-link=Rama Jois |orig-date=1984}}</ref> The yuvaraja was invested as the Maharaja of Mysore, with full ruling powers, by [[George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|George Curzon]], the [[Governor-General of India]], on 8 August 1902 at a ceremony at [[Jaganmohan Palace|Jaganmohana Palace]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Maharajah of Mysore |date=11 August 1902 |page=15 |issue=36843}}</ref> | ||
=== Government === | === Government === | ||
[[file:Maharaja Sir Sri Krishnaraja Wodiyar 1906 by 1906 K Keshavayya.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Portrait of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV by K. Keshavayya, 1906]] | |||
Mysore became the first Indian state to have a representative assembly, [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Mysore Representative Assembly]], a democratic forum in 1881. During the maharaja's reign, the assembly was enlarged and became [[bicameral]] in 1907 with the creation of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council|Mysore Legislative Council]], a house of elders which introduced much new legislation for the state.{{Mysore Kingdom series}}During the maharaja's reign, the Kingdom of Mysore witnessed development in a range of fields. Mysore became the first Indian state to generate hydroelectric power in [[Asia]], and Bangalore was the first Asian city to have street lights, first lit on 5 August 1905. Princes from other sections of India were sent to Mysore for administrative training. | Mysore became the first Indian state to have a representative assembly, [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Mysore Representative Assembly]], a democratic forum in 1881. During the maharaja's reign, the assembly was enlarged and became [[bicameral]] in 1907 with the creation of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council|Mysore Legislative Council]], a house of elders which introduced much new legislation for the state.{{Mysore Kingdom series}}During the maharaja's reign, the Kingdom of Mysore witnessed development in a range of fields. Mysore became the first Indian state to generate hydroelectric power in [[Asia]], and Bangalore was the first Asian city to have street lights, first lit on 5 August 1905. Princes from other sections of India were sent to Mysore for administrative training. | ||
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The maharaja worked towards alleviating poverty and improving rural reconstruction, public health, industry and economic regeneration, education and the fine arts. He abolished child marriage (for girls below the age 8), gave special importance for girls' education, and offered scholarship for widowed women. | The maharaja worked towards alleviating poverty and improving rural reconstruction, public health, industry and economic regeneration, education and the fine arts. He abolished child marriage (for girls below the age 8), gave special importance for girls' education, and offered scholarship for widowed women. | ||
At a time when support for domestic products was pivotal for India's self-reliance and eventual independence from British India, the maharaja encouraged [[Hand spinning|spinning]] at scale, for which Gandhi greatly praised him. | At a time when support for domestic products was pivotal for India's self-reliance and eventual independence from British India, the maharaja encouraged [[Hand spinning|spinning]] at scale, for which Gandhi greatly praised him.<ref name="The Rajarshi of Mysore"/><ref>Navajivan, 8 February 1925: ''"His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore has taken up spinning. This news cannot but gladden the hearts of those who look upon it as sacred duty ... I congratulate the Maharaja and hope that he will not give up till the end of his life this activity which he has taken up, It will do immense good to him and his subjects."''</ref> | ||
=== Education and arts === | === Education and arts === | ||
[[File:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar | [[File:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's portrait in Andhrapatrika.jpg|thumb|upright|Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV in 1911]]Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV set up numerous educational infrastructures and institutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Mysore duo Krishnaraja Wodeya IV & M. Visvesvaraya |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/durai.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024183112/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/millennium/100people/durai.html |archive-date=24 October 2008 |access-date=23 October 2007 |publisher=[[India Today]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Krishnaraja Wadiyar was the first chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]] (whose co-founder he also was){{citation needed|date=April 2020}} and the [[University of Mysore]] (whose founder he was). The latter was the first university chartered by an Indian province. The [[Indian Institute of Science]] at [[Bangalore]], which was initiated during his mother's tenure as regent, functionally started during his reign in 1911 with a gift of 371 acres (1.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of land and a donation of funds.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} | ||
The maharaja was a patron of Indian, both Carnatic and Hindustani, and Western classical music. He was an accomplished musician and, like his predecessors, patronised fine arts. | The maharaja was a patron of Indian music, both Carnatic and Hindustani, and Western classical music. He was an accomplished musician and, like his predecessors, patronised fine arts.<ref name="instru">Pranesh (2003), p. 162</ref> The maharaja was a connoisseur of [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] and [[Hindustani music]] himself. He played eight [[musical instrument]]s: [[flute]], violin, saxophone, piano, [[mridangam]], nadaswara, [[sitar]], and [[veena]]. {{citation needed|date=July 2009}} Members of the [[Agra Gharana]], including Nattan Khan and Ustad [[Vilayat Hussain Khan]], were guests of the maharajah at Mysore, as were [[Abdul Karim Khan]] and [[Gauhar Jan]]. [[Barkatullah Khan]] was a palace musician from 1919 until his death in 1940. | ||
Asthana Vidwan Kadagathur Seshacharya has written various works and is famous for his contributions towards Sanskrit and Kannada literature. The maharaja also composed many poems in Kannada himself. | Asthana Vidwan Kadagathur Seshacharya has written various works and is famous for his contributions towards Sanskrit and Kannada literature. The maharaja also composed many poems in Kannada himself. | ||
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|[[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]] at Bangalore established | |[[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]] at Bangalore established | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Formation of Mysore Social Progress Association to empower weaker sections of society | |Formation of Mysore Social Progress Association to empower weaker sections of society<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice">{{cite web |last=Raj |first=Nirmal |date=March 2015 |title=Distribution of Social Justice by Rajashri Krishnaraj Wodeyar IV |url=http://epratrust.com/articles/upload/30.Prof.%20Nirmal%20Raj.pdf? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630013329/http://epratrust.com/articles/upload/30.Prof.%20Nirmal%20Raj.pdf |archive-date=30 June 2017 |publisher=EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review |issn=2349-0187}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="5" |1916 | | rowspan="5" |1916 | ||
|[[University of Mysore]] is established | |[[University of Mysore]] is established | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company is established | |Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company is established<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangalore Press website |url=http://www.bangalorepress100.com/history.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217024558/http://www.bangalorepress100.com/history.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Yuvaraja's College, Mysore|Yuvaraja's College]] at Mysore is established | |[[Yuvaraja's College, Mysore|Yuvaraja's College]] at Mysore is established<ref>{{cite web |title=Yuvaraja College |url=http://www.yuvarajacollege.org/history.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531101844/http://yuvarajacollege.org/history.php |archive-date=31 May 2015 |access-date=5 February 2014}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mysore Chamber of Commerce is established | |Mysore Chamber of Commerce is established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka">{{cite web |title=Hand Book of Karnataka |url=http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20II%20History.pdf}}{{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited|Government Sandalwood Oil Factory]] is established at Bangalore | |[[Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited|Government Sandalwood Oil Factory]] is established at Bangalore<ref>{{cite web |title=Mysore Sandal Soap |url=http://202.138.105.9/mysoresandal/aboutus.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121125041/http://202.138.105.9/mysoresandal/aboutus.php |archive-date=21 January 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1917 | | rowspan="2" |1917 | ||
|[[University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering|School of Engineering]] is established at Bangalore | |[[University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering|School of Engineering]] is established at Bangalore | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysore|Maharani's Science College for Women]] is established at Mysore | |[[Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysore|Maharani's Science College for Women]] is established at Mysore<ref>{{cite web |title=MSCWM website |url=http://www.mscwm.com/default.aspx |access-date=5 February 2014 |archive-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613094739/http://www.mscwm.com/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="4" |1918 | | rowspan="4" |1918 | ||
|First leg of [[Mysore State Railway]]s (MSR) finished; opened 232 miles of railway to traffic. By 1938 MSR had 740 miles of railway track | |First leg of [[Mysore State Railway]]s (MSR) finished; opened 232 miles of railway to traffic. By 1938 MSR had 740 miles of railway track | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Wood Distillation Factory is found at [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravathi]] | |Wood Distillation Factory is found at [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravathi]]<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mysore Chrome and Tanning Factory is established | |Mysore Chrome and Tanning Factory is established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Sir Lesley Miller is appointed to analyse problems of backward classes | |Sir Lesley Miller is appointed to analyse problems of backward classes<ref>{{cite web |date=18 June 2015 |title=Millers report |url=http://nammakpsc.com/wp/social-justice |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103204252/http://nammakpsc.com/wp/social-justice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (the Miller Report later recommend a reservation of 25% of jobs in the government to non-Brahmans) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1921 | | rowspan="2" |1921 | ||
|[[Lalitha Mahal|Lalitha Mahal Palace]] finished | |[[Lalitha Mahal|Lalitha Mahal Palace]] finished | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Government Science College, Bangalore|Government Science College]] at Bangalore found | |[[Government Science College, Bangalore|Government Science College]] at Bangalore found<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=http://www.gscblr.kar.nic.in/about.html |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716202048/http://www.gscblr.kar.nic.in/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1923 | | rowspan="2" |1923 | ||
|[[Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant|Mysore Iron Works]] founded at [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravathi]] | |[[Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant|Mysore Iron Works]] founded at [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravathi]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Women enfranchisement; first Indian state to do so | |Women enfranchisement; first Indian state to do so<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1924 | | rowspan="2" |1924 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1925 | | rowspan="2" |1925 | ||
|More than 100 acres of land is donated for the establishment of [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS) | |More than 100 acres of land is donated for the establishment of [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS) <ref>{{cite web |title=NIMHANS |url=https://nimhans.ac.in/history-and-milestones/ |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530213737/https://nimhans.ac.in/history-and-milestones/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Kadhara Sahakara Sangha is established at Tagdhur, helping villagers earn a living | |Kadhara Sahakara Sangha is established at Tagdhur, helping villagers earn a living<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1927 | |1927 | ||
|[[Krishna Rajendra Hospital]] at Mysore is established (now part of [[Mysore Medical College & Research Institute|Mysore Medical College]]) | |[[Krishna Rajendra Hospital]] at Mysore is established (now part of [[Mysore Medical College & Research Institute|Mysore Medical College]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1928 | |1928 | ||
| Line 143: | Line 145: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1930 | | rowspan="2" |1930 | ||
|Marakonahalli dam in [[Tumakuru district|Tumkur district]] is completed (the dam has an automatic siphon system, first of its kind in Asia) | |Marakonahalli dam in [[Tumakuru district|Tumkur district]] is completed (the dam has an automatic siphon system, first of its kind in Asia)<ref>{{cite web |date=31 August 2013 |title=Marakonahalli Dam |url=http://www.karnataka.com/tumkur/markonahalli-dam/}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Krishnarajanagara]] township was finished (after a flood by [[Kaveri|the Kaveri]] damaged the nearby town of Yedatore) | |[[Krishnarajanagara]] township was finished (after a flood by [[Kaveri|the Kaveri]] damaged the nearby town of Yedatore) | ||
| Line 152: | Line 154: | ||
|[[Bangalore Town Hall]] is built | |[[Bangalore Town Hall]] is built | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mysore Sugar Mills is established at Mandya | |Mysore Sugar Mills is established at Mandya<ref>{{cite web |title=Mysore Sugar Co. |url=http://www.mysoresugar.com/about_us.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714195216/http://mysoresugar.com/about_us.html |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=5 February 2014}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KR Mills at Mysore is established | |KR Mills at Mysore is established | ||
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|[[Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital]] established at Bangalore | |[[Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital]] established at Bangalore | ||
|- | |- | ||
|10 acres of land at Bangalore gifted to [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]] for what is now [[Raman Research Institute]] (RRI) | |10 acres of land at Bangalore gifted to [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]] for what is now [[Raman Research Institute]] (RRI)<ref>{{cite web |title=RRI website |url=http://www.rri.res.in/history_overview.html}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1936 | | rowspan="2" |1936 | ||
|Mysore Paper Mills established at Bhadravati | |Mysore Paper Mills established at Bhadravati<ref>{{cite web |title=MPM website |url=http://www.mpm.co.in/profile.html}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Mysore Lamps at Bangalore established | |Mysore Lamps at Bangalore established | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |1937 | | rowspan="2" |1937 | ||
|Mysore Chemical and Fertilisers Factory at [[Belagola]] established | |Mysore Chemical and Fertilisers Factory at [[Belagola]] established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited]] is established | |[[Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited]] is established | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1938 | |1938 | ||
|Maharani's College for Women is established at Bangalore | |Maharani's College for Women is established at Bangalore<ref>{{cite web |title=Maharani's College website |url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/mscwb/Pages/History.aspx}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="4" |1939 | | rowspan="4" |1939 | ||
| Line 179: | Line 181: | ||
|[[Hassan district]] formed | |[[Hassan district]] formed | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Glass and Porcelain Factory is established at Bangalore | |Glass and Porcelain Factory is established at Bangalore<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> (electrical insulators for high voltage lines were manufactured). The factory later became part of [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Hirebhaskara dam (now Mahatma Gandhi Hydroelectric Project) across the [[Sharavathi]] began functioning to ensure steady water supply for the 120MW Krishnarajendra Hydroelectric Power Station | |Hirebhaskara dam (now Mahatma Gandhi Hydroelectric Project) across the [[Sharavathi]] began functioning to ensure steady water supply for the 120MW Krishnarajendra Hydroelectric Power Station<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mellegatti |first1=Pramod |date=9 June 2003 |title=Hirebhaskara Dam surfaces as Sharavathy recedes |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://hindu.com/2003/06/09/stories/2003060902000500.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=9 June 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224233309/http://hindu.com/2003/06/09/stories/2003060902000500.htm |archive-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was wedded on 6 June 1900 at [[Jaganmohan Palace]] to Maharani Pratapa Kumari Devi of [[Kathiawar]], the youngest daughter of Rana Bane Singh of [[Vana, Gujarat|Vana]], [[Kathiawar]] (present-day [[Gujarat]] State). He died of heart attack on 3 August 1940. | [[File:Marriage of H.H Sri Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV and Rana Prathap Kumari of Kathiawar.jpg|thumb|upright|Marriage of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV and Yuvarani Pratapa Kumaribai (painting by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], 1904)]] | ||
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was wedded on 6 June 1900 at [[Jaganmohan Palace]] to Maharani Pratapa Kumari Devi of [[Kathiawar]], the youngest daughter of Rana Bane Singh of [[Vana, Gujarat|Vana]], [[Kathiawar]] (present-day [[Gujarat]] State). The couple had no children. He died of heart attack on 3 August 1940. His nephew [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamaraja Wadiyar]] succeeded him as Maharaja. | |||
==Honours== | ==Honours== | ||
| Line 204: | Line 207: | ||
* [[Krishna Raja Sagara|K.R.S. Dam, Mysore]]; K.R. Circle, Mysore; [[Krishnarajanagara|K.R. Nagara, Mysore]] | * [[Krishna Raja Sagara|K.R.S. Dam, Mysore]]; K.R. Circle, Mysore; [[Krishnarajanagara|K.R. Nagara, Mysore]] | ||
* [[K. R. Market|K.R. Market, Bangalore]]; [[Krishnarajapuram|K.R. | * [[K. R. Market|K.R. Market, Bangalore]]; [[Krishnarajapuram|K.R. Pura, Bengaluru]] | ||
* [[Krishnaraja Pete|K.R. Pete, Mandya]] | * [[Krishnaraja Pete|K.R. Pete, Mandya]] | ||
| Line 212: | Line 215: | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/SpeechesByKrishnarajaWadiyar |title=Speeches ( | * {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/SpeechesByKrishnarajaWadiyar |title=Speeches (1902–1920) |publisher=Government Press |year=1921 |location=Bangalore |via=Internet Archive}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last=Wadiyar IV |first=Krishnaraja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxtBDwAAQBAJ |title=Bengaluru, Bangalore, Bengaluru: Imaginations and Their Times |date=2010 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-86042-57-6 |editor-last=Narendar |editor-first=Pani |chapter=The Underdog as Scientist |editor-last2=Sindhu |editor-first2=Radhakrishna |editor-last3=Kishor G |editor-first3=Bhat}} | * {{Cite book |last=Wadiyar IV |first=Krishnaraja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxtBDwAAQBAJ |title=Bengaluru, Bangalore, Bengaluru: Imaginations and Their Times |date=2010 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-86042-57-6 |editor-last=Narendar |editor-first=Pani |chapter=The Underdog as Scientist |editor-last2=Sindhu |editor-first2=Radhakrishna |editor-last3=Kishor G |editor-first3=Bhat}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last=Swamy |first=G. L. |url=https://archive.org/details/MysoreState |title=Mysore State |year=1942 |via=Internet Archive}} | * {{Cite book |last=Swamy |first=G. L. |url=https://archive.org/details/MysoreState |title=Mysore State |year=1942 |via=Internet Archive}} | ||
* {{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Geoffrey C. |url=https://archive.org/details/maharajas0000ward |title=The Maharajas |publisher=Stonehenge |year=1983 |isbn=0-86706-022-0}} | * {{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Geoffrey C. |url=https://archive.org/details/maharajas0000ward |title=The Maharajas |publisher=Stonehenge |year=1983 |isbn=0-86706-022-0}} | ||
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ABriefSketchOfTheLifeOfRajaDharmaPravinaT.R.A.ThumbooChetty|title=A Brief Sketch of the Life of T. R. A. Thumboo Chetty, C.I.E, Formerly Chief Judge and Officiating Dewan of Mysore.|last=Royaloo Chetty|first=T.|publisher=Hoe & Co.Madras|year=1909}} | * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ABriefSketchOfTheLifeOfRajaDharmaPravinaT.R.A.ThumbooChetty|title=A Brief Sketch of the Life of T. R. A. Thumboo Chetty, C.I.E, Formerly Chief Judge and Officiating Dewan of Mysore.|last=Royaloo Chetty|first=T.|publisher=Hoe & Co.Madras|year=1909}} | ||
;Books | ;Books | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{s-start}} | {{Commons category|Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar}}{{s-start}} | ||
{{s-hou|[[Wodeyar|Wodeyar dynasty]]|4 June|1884|3 August|1940}} | {{s-hou|[[Wodeyar|Wodeyar dynasty]]|4 June|1884|3 August|1940}} | ||
{{s-reg|}} | {{s-reg|}} | ||
{{succession box | title=[[Maharaja of Mysore]] | before=[[Chamaraja Wodeyar]] | after=[[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] | years=1894–1940}} | {{succession box | title=[[Maharaja of Mysore]] | before=[[Chamarajendra Wadiyar X|Chamaraja Wodeyar]] | after=[[Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur]] | years=1894–1940}} | ||
{{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
Revision as of 19:35, 15 March 2026
| Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Photograph of Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV | |||||
| 24th Maharaja of Mysore | |||||
| Reign | 8 February 1902 – 3 August 1940 | ||||
| Coronation | 1 February 1895, Mysore Palace | ||||
| Predecessor | Chamarajendra Wadiyar X | ||||
| Successor | Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar | ||||
| Born | 4 June 1884 Mysore Palace, Mysore, Kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India) | ||||
| Died | 3 August 1940 (aged 56) Bangalore Palace, Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India) | ||||
| Spouse | Pratapa Kumaribai Devi | ||||
| |||||
| House | Wadiyar dynasty | ||||
| Father | Chamarajendra Wadiyar X | ||||
| Mother | Kempananjammani Devi | ||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV (4 June 1884 – 3 August 1940) was the twenty-fourth Maharaja of Mysore, reigning from 1902 until his death in 1940.
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV is popularly deemed a rajarshi, or 'saintly king', a moniker with which Mahatma Gandhi revered the king in 1925 for his administrative reforms and achievements.<ref name="The Rajarshi of Mysore">"The Rajarshi of Mysore". Bangalore Mirror. 6 June 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2021.</ref><ref>Puttaswamaiah, K., 1980. Economic development of Karnataka. A treatise in continuity and change. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, p. 3</ref> He was a philosopher king, seen by Paul Brunton as living the ideal expressed in Plato's Republic.<ref>"Notebooks of Paul Brunton, Category 15: The Orient", Chapter 2, p.453</ref> Herbert Samuel compared him to Emperor Ashoka. Acknowledging the maharaja's noble and efficient kingship, John Sankey declared in 1930 at the first Round Table Conference in London, "Mysore is the best administered state in the world".<ref>"Protect heritage Krishnaraja Boulevard with iron grills". Star of Mysore. 26 September 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2024.</ref><ref>"Mysore State – Connect with IISc". Retrieved 1 July 2024.</ref> He is often regarded as the "father of modern Mysore" and his reign the "golden age of Mysore".<ref name="BL">"[Group portrait of] the Maharaja [of Mysore] & his brothers and sisters". British Library. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2007.</ref> Madan Mohan Malaviya described the maharaja as "dharmic" (virtuous in conduct). John Gunther, the American author, heaped praise on the king. In an obituary, The Times called him "a ruling prince second to none in esteem and affection inspired by both his impressive administration and his attractive personality".<ref>"Times' Tribute To Mysore Ruler". Morning Tribune. 6 August 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 10 May 2017.</ref>
At the time of his death, Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was one of the world's wealthiest men, with a personal fortune estimated in 1940 to be worth US$400 million, equivalent to $7 billion in 2018 prices.<ref>Current Biography 1940, p833</ref>
Early years
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was born on 4 June 1884 in Mysore Palace<ref>T O, Aswathy (4 June 2020). "Remembering Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar, the iconic Mysuru ruler on his 136th birth anniversary". International Business Times India. Retrieved 14 November 2021.</ref> as the son of Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X and Maharani Kempananjammanni Devi. After the sudden death of his father in Calcutta in 1894, the widowed queen mother Kempananjammanni Devi ruled the state as regent from 1895 to 1902, until Krishnaraja Wadiyar reached the age of maturity on 8 August 1902. Upon accession to the throne, he became the fourth king of Mysore by the name, hence known in the vernacular language Kannada as Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar (the qualifying prefix nālvaḍi means "the fourth").
The maharaja had his early education and training at Lokaranjan Palace in Mysore under the direction of P. Raghavendra Rao. In addition to Western studies, he was instructed in Kannada and Sanskrit. He was taught horse-riding and Indian and Western classical music. His early administrative training was imparted by Sir Stuart Fraser of the Bombay Civil Service. The study of the principles of jurisprudence and methods of revenue administration was supplemented by extensive tours of the state during which he gained immense knowledge of the nature of the country which he was later to govern.
Reign
Accession
Shortly after the death of his father Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X on 28 December 1894, Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, still a boy of eleven, ascended the throne on 1 February 1895. His mother Maharani Kemparajammanni Devi ruled as queen regent until Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV took over on 8 February 1902.<ref>Jois, Rama (2004) [1984]. Legal and Constitutional History of India: Ancient Legal, Judicial and Constitutional System. Delhi: Universal Law Publishing. p. 597. ISBN 978-81-7534-206-4.</ref> The yuvaraja was invested as the Maharaja of Mysore, with full ruling powers, by George Curzon, the Governor-General of India, on 8 August 1902 at a ceremony at Jaganmohana Palace.<ref>"The Maharajah of Mysore". The Times. No. 36843. London. 11 August 1902. p. 15.</ref>
Government
Mysore became the first Indian state to have a representative assembly, Mysore Representative Assembly, a democratic forum in 1881. During the maharaja's reign, the assembly was enlarged and became bicameral in 1907 with the creation of the Mysore Legislative Council, a house of elders which introduced much new legislation for the state.Template:Mysore Kingdom seriesDuring the maharaja's reign, the Kingdom of Mysore witnessed development in a range of fields. Mysore became the first Indian state to generate hydroelectric power in Asia, and Bangalore was the first Asian city to have street lights, first lit on 5 August 1905. Princes from other sections of India were sent to Mysore for administrative training.
Reforms
The maharaja worked towards alleviating poverty and improving rural reconstruction, public health, industry and economic regeneration, education and the fine arts. He abolished child marriage (for girls below the age 8), gave special importance for girls' education, and offered scholarship for widowed women.
At a time when support for domestic products was pivotal for India's self-reliance and eventual independence from British India, the maharaja encouraged spinning at scale, for which Gandhi greatly praised him.<ref name="The Rajarshi of Mysore"/><ref>Navajivan, 8 February 1925: "His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore has taken up spinning. This news cannot but gladden the hearts of those who look upon it as sacred duty ... I congratulate the Maharaja and hope that he will not give up till the end of his life this activity which he has taken up, It will do immense good to him and his subjects."</ref>
Education and arts
Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV set up numerous educational infrastructures and institutions.<ref>"The Mysore duo Krishnaraja Wodeya IV & M. Visvesvaraya". India Today. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2007.</ref> Krishnaraja Wadiyar was the first chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (whose co-founder he also was)[citation needed] and the University of Mysore (whose founder he was). The latter was the first university chartered by an Indian province. The Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore, which was initiated during his mother's tenure as regent, functionally started during his reign in 1911 with a gift of 371 acres (1.5 km<sup>2</sup>) of land and a donation of funds.[citation needed]
The maharaja was a patron of Indian music, both Carnatic and Hindustani, and Western classical music. He was an accomplished musician and, like his predecessors, patronised fine arts.<ref name="instru">Pranesh (2003), p. 162</ref> The maharaja was a connoisseur of Carnatic and Hindustani music himself. He played eight musical instruments: flute, violin, saxophone, piano, mridangam, nadaswara, sitar, and veena. [citation needed] Members of the Agra Gharana, including Nattan Khan and Ustad Vilayat Hussain Khan, were guests of the maharajah at Mysore, as were Abdul Karim Khan and Gauhar Jan. Barkatullah Khan was a palace musician from 1919 until his death in 1940.
Asthana Vidwan Kadagathur Seshacharya has written various works and is famous for his contributions towards Sanskrit and Kannada literature. The maharaja also composed many poems in Kannada himself.
Contributions
| Year | Notes |
|---|---|
| 1902 | Hydroelectric project at Shivanasamudra Falls is founded |
| 1903 | Minto Eye Hospital built at Bangalore; one among the world's oldest specialised ophthalmology hospitals |
| 1905 | Bangalore becomes the first city in Asia to get electric street lights |
| 1907 | Vani Vilasa Sagara at Chitradurga completed; the first dam in Karnataka |
| Mysore Legislative Council is established with a view to associate certain number of non-official persons having practical experience and knowledge to assist the Government in making laws and regulations | |
| 1909 | Indian Institute of Science is established at Bangalore |
| Mysore Boy Scouts is established; the first of its kind in India | |
| 1913 | State Bank of Mysore is established |
| Mysore Agricultural Residential School is established at Bangalore; it was initially established in 1899 by Maharani Kempananjammanni Devi with an initial grant of 30 acres as an experimental agricultural station | |
| 1915 | Kannada Sahitya Parishat at Bangalore established |
| Formation of Mysore Social Progress Association to empower weaker sections of society<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice">Raj, Nirmal (March 2015). "Distribution of Social Justice by Rajashri Krishnaraj Wodeyar IV" (PDF). EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review. ISSN 2349-0187. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2017.</ref> | |
| 1916 | University of Mysore is established |
| Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company is established<ref>"Bangalore Press website". Archived from the original on 17 December 2019.</ref> | |
| Yuvaraja's College at Mysore is established<ref>"Yuvaraja College". Archived from the original on 31 May 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</ref> | |
| Mysore Chamber of Commerce is established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka">"Hand Book of Karnataka" (PDF).[permanent dead link]</ref> | |
| Government Sandalwood Oil Factory is established at Bangalore<ref>"Mysore Sandal Soap". Archived from the original on 21 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</ref> | |
| 1917 | School of Engineering is established at Bangalore |
| Maharani's Science College for Women is established at Mysore<ref>"MSCWM website". Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</ref> | |
| 1918 | First leg of Mysore State Railways (MSR) finished; opened 232 miles of railway to traffic. By 1938 MSR had 740 miles of railway track |
| Wood Distillation Factory is found at Bhadravathi<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> | |
| Mysore Chrome and Tanning Factory is established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> | |
| Sir Lesley Miller is appointed to analyse problems of backward classes<ref>"Millers report". 18 June 2015. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2016.</ref> (the Miller Report later recommend a reservation of 25% of jobs in the government to non-Brahmans) | |
| 1921 | Lalitha Mahal Palace finished |
| Government Science College at Bangalore found<ref>"About". Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.</ref> | |
| 1923 | Mysore Iron Works founded at Bhadravathi |
| Women enfranchisement; first Indian state to do so<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice" /> | |
| 1924 | Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) dam is finished |
| Mysore Medical College is established | |
| 1925 | More than 100 acres of land is donated for the establishment of National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) <ref>"NIMHANS". Archived from the original on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2022.</ref> |
| Kadhara Sahakara Sangha is established at Tagdhur, helping villagers earn a living<ref name="Distribution of Social Justice" /> | |
| 1927 | Krishna Rajendra Hospital at Mysore is established (now part of Mysore Medical College) |
| 1928 | K.R. Market at Bangalore is established; the main wholesale market dealing with commodities |
| 1930 | Marakonahalli dam in Tumkur district is completed (the dam has an automatic siphon system, first of its kind in Asia)<ref>"Marakonahalli Dam". 31 August 2013.</ref> |
| Krishnarajanagara township was finished (after a flood by the Kaveri damaged the nearby town of Yedatore) | |
| 1933 | St. Philomena's Cathedral at Mysore is inaugurated |
| Bangalore Town Hall is built | |
| Mysore Sugar Mills is established at Mandya<ref>"Mysore Sugar Co". Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</ref> | |
| KR Mills at Mysore is established | |
| 1934 | Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital established at Bangalore |
| 10 acres of land at Bangalore gifted to Sir C. V. Raman for what is now Raman Research Institute (RRI)<ref>"RRI website".</ref> | |
| 1936 | Mysore Paper Mills established at Bhadravati<ref>"MPM website".</ref> |
| Mysore Lamps at Bangalore established | |
| 1937 | Mysore Chemical and Fertilisers Factory at Belagola established<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> |
| Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited is established | |
| 1938 | Maharani's College for Women is established at Bangalore<ref>"Maharani's College website".</ref> |
| 1939 | Mandya district formed |
| Hassan district formed | |
| Glass and Porcelain Factory is established at Bangalore<ref name="Hand Book of Karnataka" /> (electrical insulators for high voltage lines were manufactured). The factory later became part of BHEL | |
| Hirebhaskara dam (now Mahatma Gandhi Hydroelectric Project) across the Sharavathi began functioning to ensure steady water supply for the 120MW Krishnarajendra Hydroelectric Power Station<ref>Mellegatti, Pramod (9 June 2003). "Hirebhaskara Dam surfaces as Sharavathy recedes". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2003.</ref> |
Personal life
Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV was wedded on 6 June 1900 at Jaganmohan Palace to Maharani Pratapa Kumari Devi of Kathiawar, the youngest daughter of Rana Bane Singh of Vana, Kathiawar (present-day Gujarat State). The couple had no children. He died of heart attack on 3 August 1940. His nephew Jayachamaraja Wadiyar succeeded him as Maharaja.
Honours
- King George VI Coronation Medal, 1937
- King George V Silver Jubilee Medal, 1935
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE), 1917
- Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St John (GCStJ), 1911
- Delhi Durbar Gold Medal, 1911
- Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (GCSI), 1907
- Delhi Durbar Gold Medal, 1903
Honorary doctorates
- Honorary Doctorate, University of Mysore, (posthumously in 2011)
- Honorary Doctorate, Banaras Hindu University (at its 21st convocation held on 28 December 1937)
Memorials
- K.R.S. Dam, Mysore; K.R. Circle, Mysore; K.R. Nagara, Mysore
- K.R. Market, Bangalore; K.R. Pura, Bengaluru
- K.R. Pete, Mandya
References
Further reading
- Speeches (1902–1920). Bangalore: Government Press. 1921 – via Internet Archive.
- Wadiyar IV, Krishnaraja (2010). "The Underdog as Scientist". In Narendar, Pani; Sindhu, Radhakrishna; Kishor G, Bhat (eds.). Bengaluru, Bangalore, Bengaluru: Imaginations and Their Times. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN 978-93-86042-57-6.
- Swamy, G. L. (1942). Mysore State – via Internet Archive.
- Ward, Geoffrey C. (1983). The Maharajas. Stonehenge. ISBN 0-86706-022-0.
- Royaloo Chetty, T. (1909). A Brief Sketch of the Life of T. R. A. Thumboo Chetty, C.I.E, Formerly Chief Judge and Officiating Dewan of Mysore. Hoe & Co.Madras.
- Books
- Ikegame, Aya (2013). Princely India Re-imagined: A Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to the Present. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55449-7.
- Articles
- Sayeed, Vikhar Ahmed (6 July 2014). "The spread of education". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X.
- Moona, Suresh (19 December 2019). "The royal role". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X.
- Satya, Gouri (27 April 2012). "Lord Curzon's prophetic words on Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV". Deccan Herald.
- Satya, Gouri (24 August 2019). "What make Mysuru's heritage..." Deccan Herald.
- Prasad, Narendra (7 August 2017). "A royal who worked alongside the public". Deccan Herald.
External links
Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV Born: 4 June 1884 Died: 3 August 1940
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Chamaraja Wodeyar |
Maharaja of Mysore 1894–1940 |
Succeeded by Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur |