Chandrayaan-3: Difference between revisions

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| mission_duration  = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed)
| mission_duration  = {{time interval|14 July 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed)
* [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion)
* [[#Design|Propulsion module]]: ≤ 3 to 6 months (planned) {{time interval|5 August 2023|show=ymd}} (elapsed) (since orbit insertion)
* ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ 14 days (planned)
* ''[[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|Vikram]]'' lander: ≤ {{time interval|August 23, 2023, 12:34}} (elapsed)
* ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned)
* ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' rover: ≤ 14 days (planned)
| spacecraft_type    =  
| spacecraft_type    =  
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| payload_mass      = Propulsion Module:  2148.00 kg <br />  Lander Module (Vikram): 1752&nbsp;kg including Rover (Pragyan) of 26&nbsp;kg <br />  Total: 3900.00 kg
| payload_mass      = Propulsion Module:  2148.00 kg <br />  Lander Module (Vikram): 1752&nbsp;kg including Rover (Pragyan) of 26&nbsp;kg <br />  Total: 3900.00 kg
| dimensions        = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}-->
| dimensions        = <!--{{convert| |x| | | |abbr=on}}-->
| power              = Propulsion Module: 758 W Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias Rover: 50W
| power              = Propulsion Module: 758 W<br/> Lander Module: 738W,<br/> WS with Bias Rover: 50W
| launch_date        = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 14:35:17 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (9:05:17 [[UTC]])<ref name="scheduled launch">{{Cite news |title=ISRO to launch moon mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. Check details |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-announces-isro-101688644208853.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708231639/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-announces-isro-101688644208853.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Successful launch">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Chandrayaan-3 Launch LIVE Updates: Chandrayaan 3 successfully separated from LVM, injected to internal orbit |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-launch-live-updates-india-moon-mission-isro-sriharikota-news-isro-india-space-isro-live-11689296703954.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=mint |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125056/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-launch-live-updates-india-moon-mission-isro-sriharikota-news-isro-india-space-isro-live-11689296703954.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_date        = {{start-date|14 July 2023}} 14:35:17 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (9:05:17 [[UTC]])<ref name="scheduled launch">{{Cite news |title=ISRO to launch moon mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14. Check details |date=2023-07-06 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-announces-isro-101688644208853.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708231639/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-announces-isro-101688644208853.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Successful launch">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Chandrayaan-3 Launch LIVE Updates: Chandrayaan 3 successfully separated from LVM, injected to internal orbit |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-launch-live-updates-india-moon-mission-isro-sriharikota-news-isro-india-space-isro-live-11689296703954.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=mint |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125056/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/chandrayaan3-launch-live-updates-india-moon-mission-isro-sriharikota-news-isro-india-space-isro-live-11689296703954.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| launch_rocket      = [[LVM3]] M4
| launch_rocket      = [[LVM3]] M4
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   | object          = [[Moon]]
   | object          = [[Moon]]
   | component      = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]]
   | component      = [[Rover (space exploration)|Rover]]
   | arrival_date    = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18:04 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (12:34 [[UTC]]) (8:34 [[Eastern Standard Time|EST]]) (planned) <ref name="Landing date">{{Cite news|date=2023-07-06|title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on July 14; August 23-24 preferred landing dates|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-moon-mission-chandrayaan-3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-at-2-35pm/articleshow/101547465.cms|access-date=2023-07-07|website=THE TIMES OF INDIA|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708100402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-moon-mission-chandrayaan-3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-at-2-35pm/articleshow/101547465.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-07-14|title=ANI on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1679802059015745537|access-date=2023-07-14|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125550/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1679802059015745537|url-status=live}}</ref>
   | arrival_date    = {{start-date|23 August 2023}} 18:04 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]], (12:34 [[UTC]])   <ref name="Landing date">{{Cite news|date=2023-07-06|title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on July 14; August 23-24 preferred landing dates|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-moon-mission-chandrayaan-3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-at-2-35pm/articleshow/101547465.cms|access-date=2023-07-07|website=THE TIMES OF INDIA|archive-date=8 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708100402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-moon-mission-chandrayaan-3-to-be-launched-on-july-14-at-2-35pm/articleshow/101547465.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2023-07-14|title=ANI on Twitter|url=https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1679802059015745537|access-date=2023-07-14|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125550/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1679802059015745537|url-status=live}}</ref>
   | location        = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}} <ref name="Landing site">{{cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{cite web|title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface|date=14 July 2023|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|publisher=Physicsworld|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|url-status=live}}</ref>
   | location        = {{coords|69.367621|S|32.348126|E|globe:moon|display=inline,title|format=dec}} <ref name="Landing site">{{cite web |title=Mission homepage |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623133254/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />(between [[Manzinus (crater)|Manzinus C]] and [[Simpelius (crater)|Simpelius N]] craters)<ref>{{cite web|title=India launches Chandrayaan-3 mission to the lunar surface|date=14 July 2023|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|publisher=Physicsworld|access-date=15 July 2023|archive-date=17 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717125057/https://physicsworld.com/a/india-launches-chandrayaan-3-mission-to-the-lunar-surface/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| insignia          = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png
| insignia          = Chandrayaan-3 logo.png
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}}
}}


'''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}})<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> is the third and most recent Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[Chandrayaan programme]] of [[ISRO]].<ref name=":3" /> It consists of a lander named [[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|''Vikram'']] and a rover named ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' similar to [[Chandrayaan-2]]. Its propulsion module would act like an orbiter. The propulsion module carries the lander and rover configuration until the spacecraft is in a {{convert|100|km|adj=on}} lunar orbit.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119155006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |access-date=10 June 2022 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
'''Chandrayaan-3'''<!--Do not add any foreign/Indic/Devanagari script per WP:INDICSCRIPT--> ({{translation|Moon-craft}}, {{audio|Chandrayaan.ogg|pronunciation}})<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Chandrayaan-3 just 1k-km from lunar surface |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812053927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/chandrayaan-3-just-1k-km-from-lunar-surface/articleshow/102590128.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> is the third and most recent Indian [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission under the [[Chandrayaan programme]] of [[ISRO]].<ref name=":3" /> It consists of a lander named [[Chandrayaan-2#Vikram lander|''Vikram'']] and a rover named ''[[Pragyan (rover)|Pragyan]]'' similar to those of the [[Chandrayaan-2]]. Its propulsion module acts like an orbiter. The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration until the spacecraft attained a 153 × 163 km lunar orbit.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Chandrayaan-3 to cost Rs 615 crore, launch could stretch to 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |access-date=3 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119155006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-3-to-cost-rs-615--crore-launch-could-stretch-to-2021/articleshow/73055941.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |access-date=10 June 2022 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608231611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Following Chandrayaan-2, where a last-minute glitch in the landing guidance software led to the lander crashing after entering [[lunar orbit]], another lunar mission was proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{cite news|last=Guptan|first=Mahesh|title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|newspaper=The Week|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143203/https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following Chandrayaan-2, where a last-minute glitch in the landing guidance software led to the lander crashing after entering [[lunar orbit]], another lunar mission was proposed.<ref name="Failure report">{{cite news|last=Guptan|first=Mahesh|title=How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|newspaper=The Week|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143203/https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2019/11/16/how-did-chandrayaan-2-fail-isro-answer.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST.<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lander and rover are expected to land near the [[lunar south pole]] region on 23 August 2023. The powered descent is scheduled for 23 August 2023, around 05:45 pm IST and touchdown is expected on the same day around 06:05 pm IST.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-06 |title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on 14 July, lunar landing on 23 or 24 August |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711031538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=Chandrayaan-3 mission|number=1693181653273940240|user=isro|date=2023-08-20|access-date=2023-08-20}}</ref>
The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST.<ref name="ISRO_Chandrayaan3">{{cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710170915/https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The lander and rover landed near the [[lunar south pole]] region on 23 August 2023. The powered descent occurred on 23 August 2023, around 5:45 pm IST and touchdown occurred on the same day around 6:04 pm IST.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-06 |title=Chandrayaan-3 launch on 14 July, lunar landing on 23 or 24 August |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711031538/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/chandrayaan-3-launch-scheduled-for-july-14-at-235-pm/article67049236.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|title=Chandrayaan-3 mission|number=1693181653273940240|user=isro|date=2023-08-20|access-date=2023-08-20}}</ref>The lander has successfully touched down.
 
Chandrayaan-3 was the first soft landing near the [[lunar south pole]].<ref name="ft">{{cite news |author1=Benjamin Parkin |title=India prepares for ambitious landing on Moon’s South Pole |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5e902150-7c28-4ab3-b6de-8a8191a6d147 |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=Financial Times |date=23 August 2023 |quote=If it succeeds, India will become the fourth country to land a craft on the Moon, after the US, China and Soviet Union, and the first to reach its South Pole.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Umang Sharma |title='Soft landing on Moon's South Pole will be unparalled feat': Space expert hails Chandrayaan-3 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/soft-landing-on-moons-south-pole-will-be-unparalled-feat-space-expert-hails-chandrayaan-3-13029592.html |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=Firstpost |date=23 August 2023}}</ref> No landings have occurred near the [[lunar north pole]].
 
India achieved multiple world's first with Chandrayaan-3
 
* Only nation to land on Moon’s south pole.
* Only nation to operate rover on Moon’s south pole.
* Only 2nd nation in 21st century to do a controlled landing on the Moon (other being China).
* Only 4th nation to do a controlled landing on Moon in human history.
 


== Background ==
== Background ==
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=== Orbit raising and station keeping ===
=== Orbit raising and station keeping ===
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 – Mission Profile.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 orbital maneuver ]]
[[File:Chandrayaan-3 – Mission Profile.webp|thumb|Chandrayaan-3 orbital maneuver ]]
[[File:Chandrayaan-3_Integrated_Module_in_clean-room_01.webp|thumb|Integrated module in clean room]]


The satellite was launched aboard the [[LVM3]]-M4 rocket in the afternoon of 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST to a [[Parking orbit|EPO]] perigee of {{convert|170|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and an apogee of {{convert|36,500|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. This was followed by a series of orbit raising operations (using an on-board [[Liquid Apogee Motor|LAM]] and chemical thrusters) that placed the satellite in the [[Trans-lunar injection]] orbit.
The satellite was launched aboard the [[LVM3]]-M4 rocket in the afternoon of 14 July 2023, at 2:35 pm IST to a [[Parking orbit|EPO]] perigee of {{convert|170|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and an apogee of {{convert|36,500|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. This was followed by a series of orbit raising operations (using an on-board [[Liquid Apogee Motor|LAM]] and chemical thrusters) that placed the satellite in the [[Trans-lunar injection]] orbit.


{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0; text-align:left;"
! rowspan="2"| #
! rowspan="2"| #
! rowspan="2"| Date/<br />Time (UTC)
! rowspan="2"| Date/<br />Time (UTC)
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* [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] – Indian Mars exploration programme
* [[Indian Martian Exploration Programme]] – Indian Mars exploration programme
* [[Shukrayaan|Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus exploration mission
* [[Shukrayaan|Venus Orbiter Mission]] – Indian Venus exploration mission
* [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission
* [[Aditya-L1]] – Indian solar observation mission  
* [[Luna 9]] - First spacecraft to successfully soft land on the Moon.


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline|Chandrayaan-3}}
{{Lunar rovers}}
{{Lunar rovers}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
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[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:2023 in India]]
[[Category:ISRO space probes]]
[[Category:ISRO space probes]]
[[Category:2023 on the Moon]]
<!-- [[Category:Spacecraft launched by GSLV rockets]] -->
<!-- [[Category:Spacecraft launched by GSLV rockets]] -->
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