Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|An institute of higher learning in Kolkata, India}}
{{Short description|Research University in Kolkata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Cleanup university|date=July 2020}}
{{advertisement|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
| name                   = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
| image = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Logo.svg
| image                 = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Logo.svg
| image_size =  
| image_upright          = .7
| caption = [[Seal (device)|Seal]] of IACS
| caption               =
| other_name = IACS Kolkata
| other_name            =  
| motto = To  cultivate  Science  in all  its departments  with  a  view  to its advancement by original research and with a view to its varied application  to  the  arts  and  comforts  of  life.
| motto                  =
| established = {{start date and age|29 July 1876}}
| budget                = {{INRConvert|162.49|c}}<br />{{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2023–24 est.)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2023 |title=DETAILED DEMANDS FOR GRANTS OF MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 2023-2024 |url=https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/DDG%202023-2024.pdf |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=https://dst.gov.in}}</ref>
| founder = [[Mahendralal Sarkar|Dr. Mahendra Lal Sircar]]
| established           = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1876}}}}
| type = [[Deemed University]]
| founder               = [[Mahendralal Sarkar]]
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| type                   = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| president = Srivari Chandrasekhar
| academic_affiliation  = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
| director = Tapas Chakraborty<ref>{{cite web|title=IACS director|url=http://iacs.res.in/faculty-profile.html?id=67|work=iacs.res.in|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref>
| president             = [[Vinod K. Singh]]
| location = 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road [[Kolkata]]-700032, [[West Bengal]], India
| director               = [[Ranjan Sen]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22.4983|88.3686|display=it}}
| address                = 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, [[Kolkata]] - 700032, [[West Bengal]], India
| campus = Urban
| coordinates           = {{coord|22|29|56.09|N|88|22|7.76|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| language = English
| campus                 = [[Metropolis|Large city]]
| website = {{Official URL}}
| free_label            = Newspaper
}}
| free                  = ''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]''
{{Infobox university rankings|type=University and College|CWUR_W=1092 (2021)|CWUR_N=19 (2021)}}[[File:Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (New Gate).png|thumb|Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (Raman Gate)|262x262px]]
| language               = English
'''Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science''' ('''IACS''') is a [[Public university|public]], [[Deemed university|deemed]], [[research university]] for higher education and research in basic sciences under the '''[[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science & Technology, Government of India]]''' in [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India.<ref>{{cite book|last=Uma Dasgupta|title=Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, C. 1784-1947|year=2011|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131728185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrx3wLz4itkC&q=Indian+Association+for+the+Cultivation+of+Science&pg=PA69}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bernhard Joseph Stern|title=Science and Society|year=1978|page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQZ2ni_Bn5sC&q=Indian+Association+for+the+Cultivation+of+Science&pg=PA85}}</ref> Established in 1876 by [[Mahendra Lal Sarkar|Mahendra Lal Sircar]], a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundamental research in basic sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata|url=http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|work=dst.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225344/http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is Asia's oldest [[research institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=saha.ac.in|url=http://www.saha.ac.in/web/founder/founder-life-works?showall=&start=10|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science|url=http://twas.org/partner/indian-association-cultivation-science|work=twas.org|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> Located at [[Jadavpur]], [[South Kolkata]] near [[Jadavpur University]], [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute]] and [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]] it is spread over a limited area of 9.5 [[acre]]s.<ref name=iacs1>{{cite web|title=About IACS|url=http://iacs.res.in/about-us.html|work=iacs.res.in|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
| website               = {{Official URL}}
In May 2018, the [[Ministry of Education (India)|'''Ministry of Human Resource Development''']] announced that IACS<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iacs-new-source-of-white-light/article22715424.ece |title=IACS' new source of white light |date=13 February 2018 |access-date=14 July 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |author=Aswathi Pacha}}</ref> had been granted the status of '''[[Deemed University]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/tag-boost-for-research-hubjadavpur-institute-set-to-offer-bs-and-ms-courses-235054 |title=Tag boost for research hub |date= 3 June 2018 |access-date=8 July 2018 |newspaper= The Telegraph | location=India |author=Subhankar Chowdhury}}</ref> under ''de novo'' Category''' under section 3 of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) Act 1956. Since then, it has been running its '''undergraduate (Integrated BS-MS)''' and '''postgraduate (Integrated MS-Ph.D.)''' and '''doctoral programs''', which are unique of its kind in the country.
}}{{Infobox university rankings|type=University and College|CWUR_W=1092 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>|CWUR_N=19 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>}}[[File:Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (New Gate).png|thumb|Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (Raman Gate)|262x262px]]
'''Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science''' ('''IACS''') is a [[Public university|public]], [[Deemed university|deemed]], [[research university]] for higher education and research in basic sciences under the '''[[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science & Technology, Government of India]].'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Bernhard Joseph Stern|title=Science and Society|year=1978|page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQZ2ni_Bn5sC&q=Indian+Association+for+the+Cultivation+of+Science&pg=PA85}}</ref> Established in 29 July 1876 by [[Mahendra Lal Sarkar|Mahendralal Sarkar]], a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundamental research in basic sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata|url=http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|work=dst.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225344/http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is Asia's oldest [[research institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=saha.ac.in|url=http://www.saha.ac.in/web/founder/founder-life-works?showall=&start=10|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science|url=http://twas.org/partner/indian-association-cultivation-science|work=twas.org|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> located at [[Jadavpur]], [[South Kolkata]] near [[Jadavpur University]], [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute]] and [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]. It is spread over a limited area of 9.5 [[acre]]s<ref name="iacs1">{{cite web|title=About IACS|url=http://iacs.res.in/about-us.html|access-date=19 April 2014|work=iacs.res.in}}</ref> and currently in the process of building an advanced SMART campus at [[Baruipur]].<ref name=":0" />


==Academic programme==
The association is engaged in research in various fields of [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[Biological Sciences|biological sciences]], [[Mathematics|mathematical]] and [[Computational science|computational sciences]], [[Materials science|materials sciences]] and various interdisciplinary areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lourdusamy |first=John Bosco |date=2003 |title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: A Tortuous Tryst with Modern Science |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188743 |journal=Journal of Science Education and Technology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=381–396 |issn=1059-0145}}</ref>
The institute is engaged in fundamental research in various fields of [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[chemical biology]]. It is one of the most active research institutes in India and publishes on an average ~ 500 research articles in peer reviewed journals including top journals like Science, Nature, Physical Review Letters, Journal of American Chemical Society and Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Recent interests include research in energy, fuel cells, nano materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes.


=== Doctoral Degree Programs ===
== Indian Journal of Physics (IJP) ==
The institute emphasizes [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] programmes, the degree being provided by IACS itself . There is also full-fledged Integrated PhD programme for post-Bachelor's students. From academic year 2005-2006 it started an integrated PhD programme in chemistry.<ref name="iacs1" /> There are 8 departments in IACS, 4 units and 3 centres namely Materials Science, Solid state physics, Theoretical physics, Spectroscopy, Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Polymer Science unit, Energy research unit, Raman centre for atomic and molecular sciences, Centre for advanced materials, Center for Mathematical, Computational and Data Sciences, MLS Professor's unit and Director's Research Unit. After getting Deemed to be University status by UGC, the department structure has been replaced by School Structure. At present there are six schools namely School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, School of Chemical Sciences, School of Materials Sciences, School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences and School of Physical Sciences. There are about 70 working scientists in IACS. One important distinctive aspect of IACS is the presence of a majority of young scientist who are bringing new research areas and directions to IACS.
''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]'' was founded in 1926. It is published monthly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12648|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Springer|language=en}}</ref> Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Journal of Physics |url=http://iacs.res.in/indian-journal-physics.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=iacs.res.in}}</ref>


=== Bachelors and Masters Degree Programs ===
==Second Campus (Offshore Campus at Baruipur)==
Starting 2018, IACS has introduced a 5-year Integrated BS-MS course for highly motivated students who have passed their 12th standard examinations and Integrated MS-Ph.D. programs for students who have passed their Bachelors level examinations. The cutoff for admission to these courses remains extremely high, given the very limited number of seats (usually not more than 60) and the students have to undergo a computer based test followed by an interview. Students with high ranks in JEE Main and Advanced /NEET UG and KVPY are eligible for direct interview. The 5 year integrated course is purely research oriented and aimed at producing world class scientists. The course is one of the most exhaustive of its kind and is suited only for the highly meritorious students. Given the vast number of applications received from all over the country and the very limited seat availability, the selection rate for this programme is lower even than that of JEE.
Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsha Vardhan unveiled the foundation stone of the '''Syamaprasad Mukherjee Advanced Research and Training (SMART)'''<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/dr-harsh-vardhan-unveils-foundation-stone-of-shyamaprasad-mookerjee-advance-research-and-training-campus/states/news/1350018.html |title= Dr.Harsh Vardhan unveils foundation stone of shyamaprasad mookerjee advance research and training campus |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=United News of India}}</ref> campus of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS) at Baruipur. It will have the facilities for cutting-edge research in multiple disciplines such as fundamental sciences, engineering sciences and medical sciences.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/second-campus-for-science-hub/cid/1668467 |title=Second campus for science hub |date=14 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper= The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan unveils the foundation stone of the Shyamaprasad Mookerjee advance research and training campus of IACS in Kolkata |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1546078 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
 
=== Significant Research Works performed at IACS ===
Nobel laureate [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]] did his groundbreaking work in [[Raman scattering|Raman effect]] in this institute.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Venkata Raman - Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html|work=nobelprize.org|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> His work was first published in the '''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]''', which is published by IACS.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/physics/journal/12648|work=springer.com|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
 
Apart from the works of [[C. V. Raman]] and [[K. S. Krishnan]] in Optics, IACS has produced several important paradigms in modern science. IACS has a very strong group in theoretical chemistry and quantum chemistry. [[Debashis Mukherjee]] developed the Mk-MRCC method to account for electron correlations in molecular systems which is considered as a "gold-standard" in computational chemistry. Another important discovery has been in the area of solvation dynamics of molecules and particular the dynamics of water molecules around the surfaces of membranes. These experiments performed by Professor [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]] have provided a fundamental insights into the behavior of water near biological surfaces and led to the coining of the word "biological water" in the physical chemistry community. Anirban Bandyopadhyay,<ref>https://www.beautifulhumans.info/anirban-bandyopadhyay/</ref> who did his PhD at IACS went on to do research on neuroscience, invented nanobrain,<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7288426.stm</ref> developing artificial brain.<ref>Bandyopadhyay, Anirban (4 April 2020). [https://www.amazon.com/Nanobrain-Making-Intelligent-Molecular-Machine/dp/1439875499/ Nanobrain : The Making of an Artificial Brain from a Time Crystal]. Bosa Roca, USA: Taylor & Francis, CRC Press. {{ISBN|9781439875490}}. Retrieved 22 May 2020</ref> Later at the Japanese National Institute for Materials Science, Anirban detected quantum states in microtubules<ref>https://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/discovery-of-quantum-vibrations-in-microtubules-inside-brain-neurons-corroborates-controversial-20-year-old-theory-of-consciousness</ref> that as per [[Orchestrated objective reduction]] play a key role in human consciousness.
 
=== Central Computing Facility ===
IACS has its own Super Computating facility. ''Cray Super Computer'' is installed at the Centenary Building of IACS. ''Cray'' serves the purpose of high end computing to the different users of IACS, associated with computational modelling, solid state physics, Quantum Mechanical Calculations etc. Apart from the Super Computer facility, central computing facility has some general purpose computing machines as well as some machines dedicated to providing high performance computing (HPC) facilities. With the advent of cheap and powerful workstations, many groups and users in IACS have their own facilities for computing.


== Indian Journal of Physics (IJP) ==
== Institutions merged with IACS ==
''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]'' was founded in 1926. It is published monthly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12648|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Springer|language=en}}</ref> Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS.
On 2017 Ratan Wattal led [[NITI Aayog]] high-level committee advice [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance Ministry]] recommended premier research institutes, ''[[S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences]]'' and ''[[Bose Institute]]'' would be merged with Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koshy |first=Jacob |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Centre plans an ‘overhaul’ of its research institutions |language=English |work=[[The Hindu]]  April 29, 2023 10:13 pm IST |location=New Delhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/science-and-technology-ministrys-autonomous-bodies-undergoing-restructure/article66793396.ece |url-status=live |access-date=April 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430094800/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/science-and-technology-ministrys-autonomous-bodies-undergoing-restructure/article66793396.ece |archive-date=April 30, 2023}}</ref>


==Second Campus (Offshore Campus at Baruipur)==
Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsha Vardhan unveiled the foundation stone of the '''Syamaprasad Mookerjee Advanced Research and Training (SMART)'''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/dr-harsh-vardhan-unveils-foundation-stone-of-shyamaprasad-mookerjee-advance-research-and-training-campus/states/news/1350018.html |title= Dr.Harsh Vardhan unveils foundation stone of shyamaprasad mookerjee advance research and training campus |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=United News of India}}</ref> campus of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS) at Baruipur. It will have the facilities for cutting-edge research in multiple disciplines such as fundamental sciences, engineering sciences and medical sciences.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/second-campus-for-science-hub/cid/1668467 |title=Second campus for science hub |date=14 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper= The Telegraph}}</ref>


== Academic Divisions ==
== Academic Divisions ==
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# School of Physical Sciences (SPS)
# School of Physical Sciences (SPS)


Apart from these 6 major schools, there are a few centers, designed to perform specific and cutting-edge research, by the institute administration:
Apart from these six major schools, there are a few centers, designed to perform specific and cutting-edge research, by the institute administration:


# Centre for Computer Research, Education and Services (CCRES)
# Centre for Computer Research, Education and Services (CCRES)
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# Polymer Structural Unit
# Polymer Structural Unit
# Energy Research Unit
# Energy Research Unit


==Administration==
==Administration==
[[File:Indian_Association_for_Cultivation_of_Science.jpg|thumb|Office c. 1907|305x305px]]
[[File:Indian_Association_for_Cultivation_of_Science.jpg|thumb|Office c. 1907|305x305px]]
At its inception, the IACS was headed by a President, with the Honorary Secretary responsible for the day-to-day running of the Society. Until 1911, the office of President was ''de facto'' held by the [[List of governors of Bengal|Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal]], when the Lieutenant-Governor (Governor from 1912) became the co-patron of the Society alongside the [[Viceroy of India]], whose office-holders were automatically Patrons of the Society until 1947.<ref name="IACS_admin_15">{{cite book|pages=144|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1915 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1915}}</ref><ref name="president" group="note">With the exceptions of Sir (later Lord) [[Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell|Antony MacDonnell]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1893-1895), Sir [[Charles Cecil Stevens]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1897-1898), [[James Bourdillon]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1902-1903), Sir [[Lancelot Hare]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906) and [[Francis Slacke]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906-1908).</ref> Following India's independence in 1947, the administration of the IACS was reconstituted, with the designation of "Honorary Director" substituted for "Honorary Secretary."<ref name="IACS_admin_47">{{cite book|pages=25–26|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1947-1948 |year=1948}}</ref> The Director's prefix of "Honorary" was dropped in 1953.<ref name="IACS_admin_52"/>
At its inception, the IACS was headed by a President, with the Honorary Secretary responsible for the day-to-day running of the Society. Until 1911, the office of President was ''de facto'' held by the [[List of governors of Bengal|Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal]], when the Lieutenant-Governor (Governor from 1912) became the co-patron of the Society alongside the [[Viceroy of India]], whose office-holders were automatically Patrons of the Society until 1947.<ref name="IACS_admin_15">{{cite book|pages=144|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1915 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1915}}</ref><ref name="president" group="note">With the exceptions of Sir (later Lord) [[Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell|Antony MacDonnell]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1893-1895), Sir [[Charles Cecil Stevens]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1897-1898), [[James Bourdillon]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1902-1903), Sir [[Lancelot Hare]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906) and [[Francis Slacke]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906-1908).</ref> Following India's independence in 1947, the administration of the IACS was reconstituted, with the designation of "Honorary Director" substituted for "Honorary Secretary."<ref name="IACS_admin_47">{{cite book|pages=25–26|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1947-1948 |year=1948}}</ref> The Director's prefix of ''"Honorary"'' was dropped in 1953.<ref name="IACS_5253"/>


===Presidents of the IACS (1876-present)===
===Presidents of the IACS (1876-present)===
Line 89: Line 80:
*Prof. [[Rai Bahadur]] Sir [[Upendranath Brahmachari]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNI]], FASB (1942-1946)<ref name="IACS_admin_42">{{cite book|pages=20|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1942 |year=1942}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_46">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1946 |year=1946}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Rai Bahadur]] Sir [[Upendranath Brahmachari]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNI]], FASB (1942-1946)<ref name="IACS_admin_42">{{cite book|pages=20|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1942 |year=1942}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_46">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1946 |year=1946}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Meghnad Saha]] FNI, FASB, FRS (1946-1951)<ref name="IACS_admin_46"/><ref name="IACS_admin_50">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1950-51|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/459/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1950-51.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Meghnad Saha]] FNI, FASB, FRS (1946-1951)<ref name="IACS_admin_46"/><ref name="IACS_admin_50">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1950-51|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/459/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1950-51.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>
*Prof. Sir [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]] FNI (1951-1954)<ref name="IACS_admin_51">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1951-52|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/464/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1951-52.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_53">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1953-54 |year=1954}}</ref>
*Prof. Sir [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]] FNI (1951-1954)<ref name="IACS_admin_51">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1951-52|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/464/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1951-52.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_53">{{cite journal|pages=495–496|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1953-54 |journal=Nature |year=1954|volume=174 |issue=4428 |doi=10.1038/174495a0 |bibcode=1954Natur.174..495. |s2cid=4203443 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*Hon. Justice [[Charu Chandra Biswas]] (1954-1957)<ref name="IACS_admin_55">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |year=1956}}</ref>
*Hon. Justice [[Charu Chandra Biswas]] (1954-1957)<ref name="IACS_admin_55">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |year=1956}}</ref>
*Hon. Chief Justice Phani Bhusan Chakravartti (1957-1958)<ref name="IACS_admin_57">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1957-58 |year=1958}}</ref>
*Hon. Chief Justice Phani Bhusan Chakravartti (1957-1958)<ref name="IACS_admin_57">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1957-58 |year=1958}}</ref>
Line 103: Line 94:
*Prof. [[Arun Kumar Sharma]] FNA, FASc (1997-2000)<ref name="IACS_admin_97"/>
*Prof. [[Arun Kumar Sharma]] FNA, FASc (1997-2000)<ref name="IACS_admin_97"/>
*Prof. M. M. Chakraborty (2000-2003)<ref name="IACS_admin_2000">{{cite book|pages=3|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2000-2001 |publisher=IACS|year=2001}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_2002">{{cite book|pages=6|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2002-2003 |publisher=IACS|year=2003}}</ref>
*Prof. M. M. Chakraborty (2000-2003)<ref name="IACS_admin_2000">{{cite book|pages=3|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2000-2001 |publisher=IACS|year=2001}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_2002">{{cite book|pages=6|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2002-2003 |publisher=IACS|year=2003}}</ref>
*[[File:Independence Day celebration at IACS.jpg|thumb|Independence Day celebration at IACS (August 15, 2019)|408x408px]]Prof. [[Ashesh Prosad Mitra]] FNA, FASc, FRS (2003-2007)<ref name="IACS_admin_2003">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2003-2004 |publisher=IACS|year=2004}}</ref>
*[[File:Independence Day celebration at IACS.jpg|thumb|Independence Day celebration at IACS (15 August 2019)|408x408px]]Prof. [[Ashesh Prosad Mitra]] FNA, FASc, FRS (2003-2007)<ref name="IACS_admin_2003">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2003-2004 |publisher=IACS|year=2004}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Shri Krishna Joshi]] FNA, FASc (2007-2014)<ref name="IACS_admin_2007">{{cite book|pages=8–11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2007-2008 |publisher=IACS|year=2008}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Shri Krishna Joshi]] FNA, FASc (2007-2014)<ref name="IACS_admin_2007">{{cite book|pages=8–11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2007-2008 |publisher=IACS|year=2008}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Man Mohan Sharma]]  FNA, FASc, FRS, [[FREng]] (2014–2021)<ref name="IACS_admin_2014">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2014-15 |publisher=IACS|year=2015}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Man Mohan Sharma]]  FNA, FASc, FRS, [[FREng]] (2014–2021)<ref name="IACS_admin_2014">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2014-15 |publisher=IACS|year=2015}}</ref>
*Prof. Srivari Chandrasekhar, FNA, FASc (2021–present)
*Prof. Srivari Chandrasekhar, FNA, FASc (2021 – 2022)
*Prof. [[Vinod K. Singh]], FNA, FASc, FNASc, FTWAS (2022 - present)


===Secretaries and Directors of the IACS===
===Secretaries and Directors of the IACS===
====Honorary Secretaries of the IACS (1876-1947)====
====Honorary Secretaries of the IACS (1876-1947)====
*Dr. [[Mahendralal Sarkar]] (Founder-Secretary, 1876–1904)<ref name="IACS_admin_04">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1904 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1904}}</ref>
 
*Dr. Amritalal Sarkar (1904-1919)<ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_04"/>
{| class="wikitable"
*[[File:Front garden, IACS.jpg|thumb|303x303px]]Prof. Sir [[C. V. Raman]] (1919-1933)<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
|-
*Prof. [[K. S. Krishnan]] (1933-June 1934)<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
|-
*Prof. [[Sisir Kumar Mitra]] (June 1934-November 1935)<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
! Name
*Prof. Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee FNI, [[Royal Society of Chemistry|FCS]] (November 1935-April 1944)<ref name="IACS_admin_43">{{cite book|pages=2|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1943 |year=1943}}</ref>
! Period in office
*Prof. [[Meghnad Saha]] FNI, FASB, FRS (April 1944 – 1945)<ref name="IACS_admin_44">{{cite book|pages=16|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1944 |year=1944}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_45">{{cite book|pages=15|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1945 |year=1945}}</ref>
! Duration in office
*Prof. Priyadaranjan Ray FNI (1945-1947)<ref name="IACS_admin_45"/>
|-
| [[Mahendralal Sarkar]] (Founder)
| 15 January 1876–23 February 1904<ref name=IACS_1904>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/610 |title=Report of the Twenty Seventh Annual Meeting of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 1904 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 1904 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/610 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1876|1|15|1904|2|23}}
|-
| Amritalal Sarkar
| 16 June 1904–8 September 1919<ref name=IACS_1904/><ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1904|6|16|1919|9|8}}
|-
| [[C. V. Raman]]
| 18 September 1919–31 March 1933<ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|pages=21|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1920 |year=1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Viswamitra |first1=M. A. |date=November 1988 |title= Professor C. V. Raman and the Department of Physics, IISc, 1933-1948 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2289/6268 |journal=J. Indian Inst. Sci. |volume=68 |issue= |pages=445–447 |doi= |hdl=2289/6268 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1919|9|18|1933|3|31}}
|-
| [[K. S. Krishnan]]
| 31 March 1933–19 June 1934<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1933|3|31|1934|6|19}}
|-
| [[Sisir Kumar Mitra]]
| 19 June 1934–November 1935<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
| 1 year, 5 months
|-
| [[Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee]]
| November 1935–31 December 1943<ref name="Raman_IACS"/><ref name="IACS_1943">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 8 years, 1 month
|-
| [[Meghnad Saha]]
| 31 December 1943–October 1944<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 9 months
|-
| ''[[Priyadaranjan Ray]] (acting)''
| ''October–31 December 1944''<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/461 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1944 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1944 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/461 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 2 months
|-
| Priyadaranjan Ray
| 1 January 1945–1 October 1947<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/455 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1945 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 December 1945 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/455 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_4748">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/463 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1947–48 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 March 1948 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/463 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1945|1|1|1947|10|1}}
|-
|}
 
[[File:Front garden, IACS.jpg|thumb|303x303px]]


====Honorary Directors of the IACS (1947-1953)====
====Honorary Directors of the IACS (1947-1953)====
*Prof. Priyadaranjan Ray FNI (1947-1953)<ref name="IACS_admin_47"/><ref name="IACS_admin_52"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Period in office
! Duration in office
|-
| Priyadaranjan Ray
| 1 October 1947–1 January 1953<ref name="IACS_4748"/><ref name="IACS_5253">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/462 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1952–53 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=31 March 1953 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/462 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1947|10|1|1953|1|1}}
|-
|}


====Directors of the IACS (1953-present)====
====Directors of the IACS (1953-present)====
*Prof. [[Meghnad Saha]] FNI, FASB, FRS (1953-1956)<ref name="IACS_admin_52">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1952-53|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/462/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1952-53.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_55"/>
{| class="wikitable"
*Prof. Priyadaranjan Ray FNI (officiating, 1956–1958)<ref name="IACS_admin_55"/><ref name="IACS_admin_58"/>
|-
**''Prof. Sukumar Chandra Sirkar FNI (acting, 1958-1959)''<ref name="IACS_admin_58"/><ref name="IACS_admin_59">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1959-60 |publisher=IACS|year=1960}}</ref>
! Name
*Prof. Kedareswar Banerjee FNI (1959-1965)<ref name="IACS_admin_65"/><ref name="IACS_admin_59"/>
! Period in office
**''Prof. Bishwambhar Nath Srivastava FNI (acting, 1965-1968)''<ref name="IACS_admin_65"/><ref name="IACS_admin_68"/>
! Duration in office
*Prof. Debidas Basu (1968-1980)<ref name="IACS_admin_68"/><ref name="IACS_admin_80">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1980-81 |publisher=IACS|year=1981}}</ref>
|-
**''G. S. Banerjee [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (acting, September 1980-March 1981)''<ref name="IACS_admin_80"/>
| Meghnad Saha
*Prof. [[Sadhan Basu]] FNA, FASc (March 1981-August 1982, on medical leave from July)<ref name="IACS_admin_82"/><ref name="IACS_admin_80"/>
| 1 January 1953–16 February 1956<ref name="IACS_5253"/><ref name="IACS_5556">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/611 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1956 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/611 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
**''G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting, July–December 1982)''<ref name="IACS_admin_82"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1953|1|1|1956|2|16}}
*Prof. [[Asok Kumar Barua]] [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]] (December 1982 – 1989)<ref name="IACS_admin_82"/>
|-
*Prof. [[Usha Ranjan Ghatak]] FNA, FASc (1989-1993)<ref name="IACS_admin_89">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1989-90 |publisher=IACS|year=1990}}</ref>
| ''Priyadaranjan Ray (officiating)''
*Prof. Dipankar Chakravorty FNA, FASc (1993-1999)<ref name="IACS_admin_92">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1992-93 |publisher=IACS|year=1992}}</ref>
| ''4 March 1956 – 2 December 1958''<ref name="IACS_5556"/><ref name="IACS_5859">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/613 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1959 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/613 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Debashis Mukherjee]] FNA, FASc (1999-2008)<ref name="IACS_admin_99">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |publisher=IACS|year=2000}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_2008">{{cite book|pages=7|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2008-09 |publisher=IACS|year=2009}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|3|4|1958|12|2}}
*Prof. [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]] FNA, FASc (2008-2013)<ref name="IACS_admin_2008"/><ref name="IACS_admin_2012">{{cite book|pages=9|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2012-13 |publisher=IACS|year=2013}}</ref>
|-
**''Prof. Subhas Chandra Roy (acting, February–September 2013)''<ref name="IACS_admin_2012"/>
| ''Sukumar Chandra Sirkar (acting)''
**''Prof. [[Deb Shankar Ray]] FNA, FASc (acting, September 2013-April 2015)''<ref name="IACS_admin_2013">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2013-14 |publisher=IACS|year=2014}}</ref>
| ''8 December 1958 – 10 December 1959''<ref name="IACS_5859"/><ref name="IACS_5960">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/614 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1959-60 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1960 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/614 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Santanu Bhattacharya]] FNA, FASc (April 2015 – April 2021)<ref name="IACS_admin_2014">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2014-15 |publisher=IACS|year=2015}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1958|12|8|1959|12|10}}
**''Prof. Tapas Chakraborty, FASc (Additional Charge, April 2021 - present)''
|-
| [[Kedareswar Banerjee]]
| 11 December 1959–1 October 1965<ref name="IACS_5960"/><ref name="IACS_6566">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/621 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1965-66 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1966 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/621 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1959|12|11|1965|10|1}}
|-
| ''Bishwambhar Nath Srivastava (acting)''
| ''1 October 1965 – 31 December 1968''<ref name="IACS_6566"/><ref name="IACS_6869">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/622 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1968-69 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1969 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/622 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1965|10|1|1968|12|31}}
|-
| Debidas Basu
| 1 January 1969–31 August 1980<ref name="IACS_6869"/><ref name="IACS_8081">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/970 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1980-81 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1981 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/970 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1969|1|1|1980|8|31}}
|-
| ''G. S. Banerjee [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (acting)''
| ''19 September 1980 – 8 March 1981''<ref name="IACS_8081"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|9|19|1981|3|8}}
|-
| [[Sadhan Basu]]
| 9 March 1981–14 July 1982<ref name="sbasu" group="note">On medical leave from 14 July 1982, resigned with effect from 24 August.</ref><ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/972 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1982-83 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1983 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/972 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1981|3|9|1982|7|14}}
|-
| ''G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting)''
| ''14 July–8 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|7|14|1982|12|8}}
|-
| ''[[Asok Kumar Barua]] (acting)''
| ''9–30 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8283"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|12|9|1982|12|30}}
|-
| Asok Kumar Barua
| 31 December 1982–1989<ref name="IACS_8283"/><ref name="IACS_8990">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/978 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1989-90 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1990 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/978 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 6 years
|-
| [[Usha Ranjan Ghatak]]
| 1989–1993<ref name="IACS_8990"/>
| 4 years
|-
| Dipankar Chakravorty
| 1993–9 September 1999<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/981 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1992-93 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 1993 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/981 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_9900">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/987|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2000 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/987 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 6 years
|-
| [[Debashis Mukherjee]]
| 10 September 1999–31 March 2009<ref name="IACS_9900">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/987|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2000 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/987 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|9|10|2009|3|31}}
|-
| [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]]
| 1 April 2009–10 February 2013<ref name="IACS_0809">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_2008-2009.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2008-2009 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_1213">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2012-2013.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2012-2013 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2013 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|4|1|2013|2|10}}
|-
| ''Subhas Chandra Roy (acting)''
| ''10 February–11 September 2013''<ref name="IACS_1213"/><ref name="IACS_1314">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2013-2014.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2013-2014 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|2|10|2013|9|11}}
|-
| ''[[Deb Shankar Ray]] (acting)''
| ''11 September 2013 – 21 April 2015''<ref name="IACS_1314"/><ref name="IACS_1415">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_English-2014-15.pdf|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2014-2015 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 April 2015 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|9|11|2015|4|21}}
|-
[[Santanu Bhattacharya]]
| 22 April 2015 – 23 April 2021<ref name="IACS_1415"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2015|4|22|2021|4|23}}
|-
|  ''Tapas Chakraborty (acting, additional charge)''
| ''24 April 2021–6 April 2023''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director|url=http://iacs.res.in/directors.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2021|4|23|2023|4|6}}
|-
|[[Ranjan Sen]]
|6 April 2023 - present
|'''{{Age in years, months and days|2023|4|6}}'''
|-
|}


== Notable Alumni and Associates ==
== Notable alumni and associates<ref>{{Cite book|title=Annual Report, 2019-'20|year=2020|url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Annual%20report%20Eng-2019-20(1).pdf}}</ref> ==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
=== Nobel Laureate ===
=== Nobel Laureate<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/nobel-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref> ===


* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]], FRS, Former Faculty of IACS
* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]], FRS, Former Faculty of IACS
Line 155: Line 265:
=== Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), London ===
=== Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), London ===


* [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|Sir J. C. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]], former faculty of IACS
* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Meghnad Saha|Prof. Meghnad Saha]], former faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Meghnad Saha|Prof. Meghnad Saha]], former faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|Sir J. C. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
* [[Satyendra Nath Bose|S. N. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Satyendra Nath Bose|S. N. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
Line 174: Line 284:


* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
'''<big>Padma Shri (Civil Honor in India)</big>'''
* [[Vinod K. Singh]], Chairman of Governing Council, IACS


=== TWAS Prize ===
=== TWAS Prize<ref>{{Cite web|title=TWAS Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/twas-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref> ===


* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
Line 181: Line 294:
* [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Santanu Bhattacharya]], former Director of IACS
* [[Santanu Bhattacharya]], former Director of IACS
*D. D. Sharma, former faculty member, IACS


=== Alexander von Humboldt Research Award ===
=== Alexander von Humboldt Research Award ===
Line 212: Line 326:
* [[Pradyut Ghosh]], present faculty member, IACS
* [[Pradyut Ghosh]], present faculty member, IACS
* [[Partha Sarathi Mukherjee|P. S. Mukherjee]], former Student of IACS
* [[Partha Sarathi Mukherjee|P. S. Mukherjee]], former Student of IACS
* [[Jyotirmayee Dash]], present faculty member, IACS<ref>{{Cite web|title=SS Bhatnagar Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/ss-bhatnagar-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-08|website=iacs.res.in}}</ref>
== Notable research works ==
Nobel laureate [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]] conducted his work on the [[Raman scattering|Raman effect]] in this institute.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Venkata Raman - Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html|access-date=19 April 2014|work=nobelprize.org}}</ref> His work was first published in the '''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]''', which is published by IACS.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/physics/journal/12648|access-date=19 April 2014|work=springer.com}}</ref>
At the university, [[Debashis Mukherjee]] developed the Mk-MRCC method to account for electron correlations in molecular systems.{{cn|date=October 2021}} Another important discovery has been in the area of solvation dynamics of molecules and in particular the dynamics of water molecules around the surfaces of membranes. These experiments performed by Professor [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]] provided an insight into the behavior of water near biological surfaces and led to his coining of the phrase "biological water".{{cn|date=October 2021}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 221: Line 341:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{official}}
* {{official}}
 
*[[Ray–Dutt twist]]
*[[Raman Effect]]
{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Department of Science and Technology (India)}}
{{Department of Science and Technology (India)}}
{{authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Nanotechnology institutions]]
[[Category:Deemed universities in India]]
[[Category:Deemed universities in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]

Latest revision as of 20:16, 21 July 2023


Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
File:Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Logo.svg
TypePublic research university
Establishedc. 1876; 149 years ago (1876)
FounderMahendralal Sarkar
Academic affiliation
Budget162.49 crore (US$19 million)
(FY2023–24 est.)[1]
PresidentVinod K. Singh
DirectorRanjan Sen
Address
2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700032, West Bengal, India

22°29′56.09″N 88°22′7.76″E / 22.4989139°N 88.3688222°E / 22.4989139; 88.3688222Coordinates: 22°29′56.09″N 88°22′7.76″E / 22.4989139°N 88.3688222°E / 22.4989139; 88.3688222
CampusLarge city
LanguageEnglish
NewspaperIndian Journal of Physics
Website{{URL|example.com|optional display text}}

Template:Infobox university rankings

Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (Raman Gate)

Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in basic sciences under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.[2] Established in 29 July 1876 by Mahendralal Sarkar, a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundamental research in basic sciences.[3] It is Asia's oldest research institute[4][5] located at Jadavpur, South Kolkata near Jadavpur University, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute and Indian Institute of Chemical Biology. It is spread over a limited area of 9.5 acres[6] and currently in the process of building an advanced SMART campus at Baruipur.[7]

The association is engaged in research in various fields of physics, chemistry, biological sciences, mathematical and computational sciences, materials sciences and various interdisciplinary areas.[8]

Indian Journal of Physics (IJP)[edit]

Indian Journal of Physics was founded in 1926. It is published monthly.[9] Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS.[10]

Second Campus (Offshore Campus at Baruipur)[edit]

Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsha Vardhan unveiled the foundation stone of the Syamaprasad Mukherjee Advanced Research and Training (SMART)[7] campus of Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(IACS) at Baruipur. It will have the facilities for cutting-edge research in multiple disciplines such as fundamental sciences, engineering sciences and medical sciences.[11][12]

Institutions merged with IACS[edit]

On 2017 Ratan Wattal led NITI Aayog high-level committee advice Finance Ministry recommended premier research institutes, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences and Bose Institute would be merged with Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata.[13]


Academic Divisions[edit]

Starting from 2018, after being declared as a deemed university by MHRD, for academic purposes, departments and centres in the Institute are broadly assigned to six major schools, each headed by a Chairperson (School Chair):

  1. School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS)
  2. School of Biological Sciences (SBS)
  3. School of Chemical Sciences (SCS)
  4. School of Materials Sciences (SMS)
  5. School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences (SMCS)
  6. School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

Apart from these six major schools, there are a few centers, designed to perform specific and cutting-edge research, by the institute administration:

  1. Centre for Computer Research, Education and Services (CCRES)
  2. Director's Research Unit (DRU)
  3. Technical Research Center (TRC)
  4. Central Scientific Services (CSS)
  5. Raman Centre of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences
  6. Polymer Structural Unit
  7. Energy Research Unit


Administration[edit]

Office c. 1907

At its inception, the IACS was headed by a President, with the Honorary Secretary responsible for the day-to-day running of the Society. Until 1911, the office of President was de facto held by the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, when the Lieutenant-Governor (Governor from 1912) became the co-patron of the Society alongside the Viceroy of India, whose office-holders were automatically Patrons of the Society until 1947.[14][note 1] Following India's independence in 1947, the administration of the IACS was reconstituted, with the designation of "Honorary Director" substituted for "Honorary Secretary."[15] The Director's prefix of "Honorary" was dropped in 1953.[16]

Presidents of the IACS (1876-present)[edit]

Secretaries and Directors of the IACS[edit]

Honorary Secretaries of the IACS (1876-1947)[edit]

Name Period in office Duration in office
Mahendralal Sarkar (Founder) 15 January 1876–23 February 1904[43] 28 years, 1 month and 8 days
Amritalal Sarkar 16 June 1904–8 September 1919[43][20] 15 years, 2 months and 23 days
C. V. Raman 18 September 1919–31 March 1933[20][44][45] 13 years, 6 months and 13 days
K. S. Krishnan 31 March 1933–19 June 1934[20] 1 year, 2 months and 19 days
Sisir Kumar Mitra 19 June 1934–November 1935[20] 1 year, 5 months
Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee November 1935–31 December 1943[20][46] 8 years, 1 month
Meghnad Saha 31 December 1943–October 1944[46][47] 9 months
Priyadaranjan Ray (acting) October–31 December 1944[46][48] 2 months
Priyadaranjan Ray 1 January 1945–1 October 1947[49][50] 2 years and 9 months
Front garden, IACS.jpg

Honorary Directors of the IACS (1947-1953)[edit]

Name Period in office Duration in office
Priyadaranjan Ray 1 October 1947–1 January 1953[50][16] 5 years and 3 months

Directors of the IACS (1953-present)[edit]

Name Period in office Duration in office
Meghnad Saha 1 January 1953–16 February 1956[16][51] 3 years, 1 month and 15 days
Priyadaranjan Ray (officiating) 4 March 1956 – 2 December 1958[51][52] 2 years, 8 months and 28 days
Sukumar Chandra Sirkar (acting) 8 December 1958 – 10 December 1959[52][53] 1 year and 2 days
Kedareswar Banerjee 11 December 1959–1 October 1965[53][54] 5 years, 9 months and 20 days
Bishwambhar Nath Srivastava (acting) 1 October 1965 – 31 December 1968[54][55] 3 years, 2 months and 30 days
Debidas Basu 1 January 1969–31 August 1980[55][56] 11 years, 7 months and 30 days
G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting) 19 September 1980 – 8 March 1981[56] 5 months and 17 days
Sadhan Basu 9 March 1981–14 July 1982[note 3][56][57] 1 year, 4 months and 5 days
G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting) 14 July–8 December 1982[56][57] 4 months and 24 days
Asok Kumar Barua (acting) 9–30 December 1982[57] 21 days
Asok Kumar Barua 31 December 1982–1989[57][58] 6 years
Usha Ranjan Ghatak 1989–1993[58] 4 years
Dipankar Chakravorty 1993–9 September 1999[59][60] 6 years
Debashis Mukherjee 10 September 1999–31 March 2009[60] 9 years, 6 months and 21 days
Kankan Bhattacharyya 1 April 2009–10 February 2013[61][62] 3 years, 10 months and 9 days
Subhas Chandra Roy (acting) 10 February–11 September 2013[62][63] 7 months and 1 day
Deb Shankar Ray (acting) 11 September 2013 – 21 April 2015[63][64] 1 year, 7 months and 10 days
Santanu Bhattacharya 22 April 2015 – 23 April 2021[64] 6 years and 1 day
Tapas Chakraborty (acting, additional charge) 24 April 2021–6 April 2023[65] 1 year, 11 months and 14 days
Ranjan Sen 6 April 2023 - present 2 years, 2 months and 27 days

Notable alumni and associates[66][edit]

Nobel Laureate[67][edit]

Bharat Ratna (Highest Civil Honor in India)[edit]

Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), London[edit]

Padma Vibhushan (Civil Honor in India)[edit]

  • C. N. R. Rao, former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
  • M. M. Sharma, former Chairman of the IACS Governing Council and IACS Fellow

Padma Bhusan (Civil Honor in India)[edit]

Padma Shri (Civil Honor in India)

TWAS Prize[68][edit]

Alexander von Humboldt Research Award[edit]

Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS)[edit]

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize[edit]

Notable research works[edit]

Nobel laureate Sir C. V. Raman conducted his work on the Raman effect in this institute.[70] His work was first published in the Indian Journal of Physics, which is published by IACS.[71]

At the university, Debashis Mukherjee developed the Mk-MRCC method to account for electron correlations in molecular systems.[citation needed] Another important discovery has been in the area of solvation dynamics of molecules and in particular the dynamics of water molecules around the surfaces of membranes. These experiments performed by Professor Kankan Bhattacharyya provided an insight into the behavior of water near biological surfaces and led to his coining of the phrase "biological water".[citation needed]

Notes[edit]

  1. With the exceptions of Sir (later Lord) Antony MacDonnell (Lieutenant-Governor 1893-1895), Sir Charles Cecil Stevens (Lieutenant-Governor 1897-1898), James Bourdillon (Lieutenant-Governor 1902-1903), Sir Lancelot Hare (Lieutenant-Governor 1906) and Francis Slacke (Lieutenant-Governor 1906-1908).
  2. Prior to 1970, the Indian National Science Academy was named the "National Institute of Sciences of India", and its fellows bore the post-nominal "FNI". The post-nominal became "FNA" in 1970 when the association adopted its present name.
  3. On medical leave from 14 July 1982, resigned with effect from 24 August.

References[edit]

  1. "DETAILED DEMANDS FOR GRANTS OF MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 2023-2024" (PDF). https://dst.gov.in. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  2. Bernhard Joseph Stern (1978). Science and Society. p. 84.
  3. "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata". dst.gov.in. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  4. "saha.ac.in". Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  5. "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science". twas.org. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  6. "About IACS". iacs.res.in. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  7. 7.0 7.1 "Dr.Harsh Vardhan unveils foundation stone of shyamaprasad mookerjee advance research and training campus". United News of India. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  8. Lourdusamy, John Bosco (2003). "The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: A Tortuous Tryst with Modern Science". Journal of Science Education and Technology. 12 (4): 381–396. ISSN 1059-0145.
  9. "Indian Journal of Physics". Springer. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  10. "Indian Journal of Physics". iacs.res.in. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  11. "Second campus for science hub". The Telegraph. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  12. "Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan unveils the foundation stone of the Shyamaprasad Mookerjee advance research and training campus of IACS in Kolkata". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  13. Koshy, Jacob (29 April 2023). "Centre plans an 'overhaul' of its research institutions". The Hindu April 29, 2023 10:13 pm IST. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  14. Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1915. Anglo-Sanskrit Press. 1915. p. 144.
  15. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1947-1948. 1948. pp. 25–26.
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1952–53". IACS. 31 March 1953. hdl:10821/462. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
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  19. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1935. 1935. p. 1.
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 "Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s" (PDF). INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
  21. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1942. 1942. p. 20.
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  25. "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1953-54". Nature. 174 (4428): 495–496. 1954. Bibcode:1954Natur.174..495.. doi:10.1038/174495a0. S2CID 4203443.
  26. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56. 1956. p. 2.
  27. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1957-58. 1958. p. 2.
  28. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59. 1959. p. 2.
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  40. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2003-2004. IACS. 2004. p. 1.
  41. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2007-2008. IACS. 2008. pp. 8–11.
  42. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2014-15. IACS. 2015. p. 11.
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  44. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1920. 1920. p. 21.
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  49. "Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1945". IACS. 31 December 1945. hdl:10821/455. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
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  52. 52.0 52.1 "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59". IACS. 1 April 1959. hdl:10821/613. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
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  54. 54.0 54.1 "Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1965-66". IACS. 1 April 1966. hdl:10821/621. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
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External links[edit]