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{{Distinguish|Moirang Kangleirol}}
{{Short description|Old Meitei epic tales of seven cycles of incarnations of two divine lovers}}
The '''"Moirang Shayon"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ}}) or '''"Moirang Saiyon"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯢꯌꯣꯟ}})(lit. ''Moirang incarnations''<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Xde5AAAAIAAJ&q=moirang+saiyon&dq=moirang+saiyon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh-vDdrrzuAhX-63MBHV1DA54Q6AEwAXoECAQQAg</ref>) is a genre of the seven [[incarnation]]s of a God and a Goddess, induced under the direction of Lord [[Thangjing]], in the [[Ancient Moirang]] kingdom.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EpAOAAAAMAAJ&q=moirang+saiyon&dq=moirang+saiyon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh-vDdrrzuAhX-63MBHV1DA54Q6AEwBHoECAIQAg</ref><ref>http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Manipuri_Literature_in_History.Manipuri_Literature_in_History_4</ref><ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9</ref>
{{About|a collection of stories from the [[Meitei mythology]]|the [[Greek mythology]]|Epic cycle}}
The list of the seven pairs of incarnations are:
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox folk tale
|Folk_Tale_Name = Epic cycles of incarnations
|Image_Name    = KHAMBA THOIBI EPIC - THE DANCE BEFORE THE KING.jpg
|Image_Caption  = [[Khuman Khamba]] and [[Moirang Thoibi]] dancing before the King of [[Moirang]]
|Aarne-Thompson Grouping      = no
|AKA            =
* Epic cycles of rebirths
* Epics of seven incarnations
* Moirang Saion ({{lang-omp|Moilang Saion}})
* Moirang Shaion ({{lang-omp|Moilang Shaion}})
* Moirang Sayon ({{lang-omp|Moilang Sayon}})
* Moirang Shayon ({{lang-omp|Moilang Shayon}})
|Mythology      = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]])
|Country        =
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Manipur (stripes variant).svg}} [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (historical)
* {{IND}} (present)
|Region        = [[Moirang]], [[Manipur]]
|Origin_Date    =
|Published_In  =
|Related        = [[Meitei folklore]] ([[Manipuri folklore]]), <br /> [[Meitei literature]] ([[Manipuri literature]])
}}
{{Meitei mythology}}
The '''''Moirang Shayon''''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ}}}}) or '''''Moirang Saiyon''''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯢꯌꯣꯟ||Moirang incarnations}}}})<ref>{{cite web | access-date=5 December 2022 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xde5AAAAIAAJ | title=Glimpses of Manipuri Language, Literature, and Culture | publisher=Manipuri Sahitya Parishad | date=1970 | pages=15 | language=en}}</ref> is a cyclic [[:wikt:epic|epic]] of seven [[incarnation]]s (nine in some versions) of two divine lovers in the kingdom of Moirang{{efn|[[Moirang]] was an independent kingdom in early times, though later became a province of a unified kingdom, called [[Manipur Kingdom]].}} in the realm of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]).<ref name=":Oinam">{{Cite book |last1=Oinam |first1=Bhagat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 |title=Northeast India: A Reader |last2=Sadokpam |first2=Dhiren A. |date=2018-05-11 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-429-95320-0 |pages=236, 237 |language=en |quote=Numerous manuscripts of the Moirang region dwell on the theme of love. One of the most popular stories refers to the seven pairs of lovers who are regarded as incarnations of the same souls in different generations or age.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=epic+cycle+incarnations+moirang&pg=PA349 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |date=1987 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1987 |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1 |location=India |pages=349 |language=en |quote=The epic ballad cycle of the incarnations of Moirang which is nine in number according to some and only seven according to others is a grand majestic saga of the eternal triangle in which generations after generations would find reflections of the various hopes, ideals and aspirations of each age. |author-link=Amaresh Datta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kaushal |first1=Molly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf1jAAAAMAAJ |title=Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition |last2=Arts |first2=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the |date=2001 |publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]] |isbn=978-81-246-0182-2 |location=India |pages=71 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pattanayak |first1=Debi Prasanna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AzaAAAAMAAJ&q=epic+cycle+incarnation+moirang |title=Indian Folklore |last2=Claus |first2=Peter J. |date=1981 |publisher=[[Central Institute of Indian Languages]] |others=Original from:[[Indiana University]] |year=1981 |location=India |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jādava |first=Kiśora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JvESAQAAIAAJ&q=epic+cycle+incarnations+moirang |title=Folklore and Its Motifs in Modern Literature |date=1998 |publisher=Manas Publications |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-7049-086-9 |location=India |pages=69, 142 |language=en}}</ref>
 
== Contents ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Male characters
! Title
!Romanization
! Description
!Female characters
!Romanization
|-
|-
|ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯖꯥꯝꯕ
| '''[[Akongjamba]] and [[Phouoibi]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯖꯥꯝꯕ - ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯆꯥꯝꯄ - ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ}}||Akongchampa and Phouoipi}})
|[[Akongjamba]]
| During the reign of [[Moilang]] King Iwang Puriklai Kaba Purang (917-981 AD), Akongjamba, a handsome, married nobleman of Moirang, was captivated by the goddess [[Phouoibi]], who fell in love with him. Due to Akongjamba's failure to keep his word and the cruelty of Akongjamba's wife, Phouoibi decides to leave the human world as well as her lover.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons">{{Cite web |title=Salwons And Langwons Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 9 |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Oinam" /><ref name='chsingh'>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/A_History_of_Manipuri_Literature/yiBkAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |date=1996 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |others=Original from:the [[University of Michigan]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=62, 63 |language=en}}</ref>
|ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ
|[[Phouoibi]]
|-
|-
|ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯨꯅꯍꯥ
| '''[[Hensunaha and Lailoulempi]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯨꯅꯍꯥ - ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯧꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯦꯟꯁꯨꯅꯍꯥ - ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯧꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ}}||Henjunaha and Lairoulembi}})
|[[Henjunaha]]
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Telheiba (28-78 AD), Henjunaha Yangleingamba ({{lang-omp|Hensunaha Yangleingampa}}), a fatherless lad, was brought up by a poor widowed mother. He loved Thongnang Lairoulembi ({{lang-omp|Thongnang Lailoulempi}}), a beautiful lady  brought up by a rich father. Henjunaha is murdered by evil spirits. Lairoulembi follows her lover by killing herself, after which she faces troubles and adventures in the [[underworld]].<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" /><ref name=":Oinam" />{{r|chsingh|pages=63&ndash;65}}
|ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯧꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ
|[[Lairoulembi]]
|-
|-
|ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯕ
| '''[[Khuyol Haoba and Yaithing Konu]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯕ - ꯌꯥꯏꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯄ - ꯌꯥꯏꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ}}||Khuyol Haupa and Yaithing Konu}})
|[[Khuyol Haoba]]
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Sana Lakhwa (185-236 AD), Khuyol Haoba, was the son of late Khundouremba ({{lang-omp|Khuntoulempa}}), a court official of Moirang. Yaithing Konu was the daughter of Luwang Huiningsumba ({{lang-omp|Luwang Huiningsumpa}}), an influential nobleman. During an escape from a murderous attack by his enemies, Khuyol Haoba fell in love with Yaithing Konu. Konu married another man but fate permitted Konu to unite with Haoba in the end.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" /><ref name=":Oinam" />{{r|chsingh|pages=65&ndash;66}}
|ꯌꯥꯢꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ
|[[Yaithing Konu]]
|-
|-
|ꯀꯗꯦꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯍꯟꯕ
| '''[[Kadeng Thangjahanba and Tonu Laijinglembi]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯗꯦꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯍꯟꯕ - ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯇꯦꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯍꯟꯄ - ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ}}||Kateng Thangchahanpa and Tonu Laichinglempi}})
|[[Kadeng Thangjahanba]]
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Laijing Punsiba (1138-1210 AD), Kadeng Thangjahanba was a talented and skilful royal chief metalsmith appointed by King Laijing Ningthou Punsiba ({{lang-omp|Laiching Ningthou Punsipa}}), who loved Tonu Laijinglembi, the only daughter of Laijing Lakpa ({{lang-omp|Laiching Lakpa}}), a favourite nobleman of the King of Moirang. During the absence of Thangjahanba, Tonu was married to the King of Moirang, who was unaware of the relationship between the two lovers. Once the king found out the truth, he generously returned the lady to her true lover.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" /><ref name=":Oinam" />{{r|chsingh|pages=66&ndash;67}}
|ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯢꯖꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ
|[[Tonu Laijinglembi]]
|-
|-
|ꯈꯨꯕꯣꯝꯕ
| '''[[Ura Naha Khongjomba and Pidonnu]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯎꯔꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯣꯝꯕ - ꯄꯤꯗꯣꯅꯨ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯣꯝꯄ - ꯄꯤꯇꯣꯡꯅꯨ}}||Khongchompa and Pitongnu}})
|[[Khubomba]]
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Laijing Punsiba (1138-1210 AD), Khongjomba (1210-1263 AD) was the biological son of King Laijing Ningthou Punsiba and Lady Tonu Laijinglembi, but he was born in the house of his foster father Kadeng Thangjahanba, the second husband of Tonu Laijinglembi. Pidonnu was the daughter of a nobleman of Moirang. Born as a legitimate but unrecognized royal offspring, Khongjomba faced abuse from the king's adopted son and her for his love affair with Lady Pidonnu. When the king discovers the truth, he has crowned his true son Khongjomba crowned as the sovereign of Moirang, discarding his adopted heir.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" /><ref name=":Oinam" />{{r|chsingh|pages=67&ndash;68}}
|ꯄꯤꯗꯣꯅꯨ
|[[Pidonu]]
|-
|-
|ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯇꯤꯡꯍꯩꯕ
| '''[[Wanglen Pungdingheiba and Sappa Chanu Silheibi]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯗꯤꯡꯍꯩꯕ - ꯁꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯕꯤ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯇꯤꯟꯍꯟꯄ - ꯆꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏꯅꯨ ꯐꯤꯁꯥꯍꯩꯄꯤ}}||Wanglen Pungtinhanpa and Chakpa Yainu Phisaheipi}})
|[[Wanglei Pudingheiba]]
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Ura Khongyamba (533-574 AD), Wanglen Pungdingheiba was a skilled maker of ''pung'' (a type of drum). Lady Sappa Chanu Silheibi was a skilful weaver. The two lovers compete to determine who can perform their craft the fastest. Due to a misunderstanding, Lady Silheibi believes she is being mocked for her defeat and kills herself. Upon discovering his lover's corpse in a pool of blood, Pungdingheiba follows her.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" /><ref name=":Oinam" />{{r|chsingh|pages=68&ndash;69}}
|ꯁꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯕꯤ
|-
|[[Sappa Chanu Silheibi]]
| '''[[Khamba Thoibi|Khamba and Thoibi]]''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯝꯕ - ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ}}}}, {{lang-omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯄ - ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ}}||Khuman Khampa and Moilang Thoipi}})
|-  
| During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Chingkhu Telheiba (1083-1138 AD), Khuman Khamba, an orphan raised by his elder sister, and Thoibi, the only princess of Moirang, fell in love. After facing different adventures, conspiracies, cruelties, threats and even murder attempts, the two lovers are united in the end.<ref name=":Salwons_And_Langwons" />{{r|chsingh|pages=69&ndash;70}}
|ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯕ
|[[Khuman Khamba]]
|ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ
|[[Moirang Thoibi]]
|}
|}


==Incarnations==
== In popular culture ==
===Akongjamba and Phouoibi===
In popular culture, the epic cycles of incarnations appear in arts, books, movies, theatres and many others.
[[Akongjamba]] is a mortal man and [[Phouoibi]] is a goddess, who became the first pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&q=akongjamba&dq=akongjamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf_v30srHuAhV4IbcAHXNGBLoQ6AEwAHoECAYQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&q=akongjamba&dq=akongjamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf_v30srHuAhV4IbcAHXNGBLoQ6AEwAnoECAcQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA678&dq=akongjamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf_v30srHuAhV4IbcAHXNGBLoQ6AEwBHoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=akongjamba&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT236&dq=akongjamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf_v30srHuAhV4IbcAHXNGBLoQ6AEwBXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=akongjamba&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=akongjamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf_v30srHuAhV4IbcAHXNGBLoQ6AEwAXoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=akongjamba&f=false</ref>
[[File:Manmohan Singh being presented a memento by the Governor of Manipur, Dr. S.S. Sidhu at the foundation stone laying ceremony of three projects the National Academy of Sports.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Manmohan Singh]], the then [[prime minister of India]], being presented a memento of a painting depicting [[Khuman Khamba]] capturing the ''[[Kao (bull)]]'', by Dr. [[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]], the then [[Governor of Manipur]] and [[Okram Ibobi Singh]], the then [[Chief Minister of Manipur]], on the occasion of the foundation stone laying ceremony of three projects, [[National Sports University|National Academy of Sports]], [[Convention Center]] and [[Manipur Institute of Technology]], in the [[Kangla]] in [[Manipur]] on 2 December 2006]]
===Henjunaha and Lairoulembi===
[[Henjunaha]], an orphan lad and [[Thongnang Lairoulembi]], daughter of a rich man, are the second pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9</ref>


===Khuyol Haoba and Yaithing Konu===
* [[Khambana Kao Phaba (painting)]] - a 2001 Meitei oil canvas painting, by M Betombi Singh, depicting [[Khuman Khamba]] capturing the [[Kao (bull)]]
[[Khuyol Haoba]], son of a late minister, and [[Yaithing Konu]], daughter of a royal court man, are the third pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT236&dq=khuyol+haoba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFpOPPobLuAhWlheYKHehZBwYQ6AEwAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=khuyol%20haoba&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=50BLAAAAYAAJ&q=khoyon+haoba&dq=khoyon+haoba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBwcimorLuAhXV8HMBHbXFByIQ6AEwAXoECAQQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&q=khuyon+haoba&dq=khuyon+haoba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia9IHpobLuAhVoH7cAHdGSAucQ6AEwAnoECAEQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Um0OAQAAMAAJ&q=khuyon+haoba&dq=khuyon+haoba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia9IHpobLuAhVoH7cAHdGSAucQ6AEwAXoECAIQAg</ref>
* ''"Kao, the sacred bull"'' - a 2011 [[Meitei language]] theatrical show, by the Laihui Ensemble, about [[Khuman Khamba]] capturing the [[Kao (bull)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.theatre.Kao_-_A_Glimpse_of_Manipuri_Opera|title=KAO - A Glimpse of Manipuri Opera|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=announcements.Ann_2011.Ann_Kao_play_by_Laibui_20110223|title="Kao - the sacred bull" by Laihui on 6 March 2011|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
* [[Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess]] - a 2013 [[Meitei language]] [[ballad]] [[opera]]
* ''"[[Tonu Laijinglembi]]"'' - a 2014 [[Meitei language]] drama written by Sarangthem Bormani and directed by B Jugolchandra<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Imphal Free |title=MDU drama festival from March 21 – KanglaOnline |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2014/03/mdu-drama-festival-from-march-21/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Phouoibi Shayon]] - a 2017 [[Meitei language]] film
* ''"[[Tonu Laijinglembi]]"'' - a 2018 [[Meitei language]] drama, directed by L Bikram of the "Aryan Theatre, Imphal"<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=NE NOW |date=2018-03-26 |title=Manipur Folk Drama Festival kicks off in Imphal |url=http://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur-folk-drama-festival-kicks-off-imphal.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''"Tonu Laijinglembi Seitharol"'' - a 2018 [[Meitei Mayek]] edition of the book "Tonu Laijinglembi Seitharol" written by Hijam Guno<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literary books in Meitei Mayek released : 29th apr18 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=19..290418.apr18 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literary books in Meitei Mayek released – Manipur News |url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2018/04/28/literary-books-in-meitei-mayek-released/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''"Kao Faba"'' - a 2020 [[Meitei language]] [[Shumang Kumhei]], performed by Western Cultural Association, about [[Khuman Khamba]] capturing the [[Kao (bull)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=23..031020.oct20|title=Kao Faba displayed|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/10/2/-Kao-Faba-displayed.amp.html|title=Kao Faba displayed|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/10/2/-Kao-Faba-displayed.html|title=Kao Faba displayed|website=thesangaiexpress.com}}</ref>


===Thangjahanba and Tonu Laijinglembi===
== See also ==
[[Kadeng Thangjahanba]], a blacksmith, and [[Tonu Laijinglembi]], the queen of the Moirang king, are the fourth pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&pg=PA588&dq=thangjahanba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFoNqRgLLuAhUQ7XMBHRCpCvMQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=thangjahanba&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT236&dq=thangjahanba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFoNqRgLLuAhUQ7XMBHRCpCvMQ6AEwBXoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=thangjahanba&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Um0OAQAAMAAJ&q=thangjahanba&dq=thangjahanba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFoNqRgLLuAhUQ7XMBHRCpCvMQ6AEwBHoECAAQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e3X9zkP5jKUC&pg=PA55&dq=thangjahanba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFoNqRgLLuAhUQ7XMBHRCpCvMQ6AEwAHoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=thangjahanba&f=false</ref>
* [[List of epics in Meitei language]]
===Khubomba and Pidonu===
* [[Numit Kappa]]
[[Khubomba]], the son of [[Tonu Laijinglembi]], and [[Pidonu]], a lady from Moirang, are the fifth pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9</ref>
* [[And That Is Why . . . Manipuri Myths Retold]]
* [[The Tales of Kanglei Throne]]


===Pungdingheiba and Silheibi===
== Notes ==
[[Pungdingheiba]], a drum maker, and [[Silheibi]], a handloom working lady, are the sixth pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Moirang_Kangleirol.Salwons_And_Langwons_Moirang_and_Ebuthou_Thangjing_Part_9</ref>
{{Notelist}}
 
== References ==
===Khamba and Thoibi===
{{Reflist}}
[[Khuman Khamba]], an orphan prince of Khuman dynasty and [[Moirang Thoibi]], princess of Moirang kingdom, are the last and the seventh pair of lovers in the epic.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=GXJOAAAAYAAJ&q=Khuman+khamba&dq=Khuman+khamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSo9XDtbHuAhUvyDgGHYWyBKoQ6AEwA3oECAMQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7yBkAAAAMAAJ&q=Khuman+khamba&dq=Khuman+khamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSo9XDtbHuAhUvyDgGHYWyBKoQ6AEwAnoECAAQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8EMKAQAAIAAJ&q=Khuman+khamba&dq=Khuman+khamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSo9XDtbHuAhUvyDgGHYWyBKoQ6AEwAXoECAIQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Cfg6fjTBK1cC&pg=PA83&dq=Khuman+khamba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSo9XDtbHuAhUvyDgGHYWyBKoQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=Khuman%20khamba&f=false</ref>
==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline|Epic cycles of incarnations}}
*{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Literature in History 4 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Manipuri_Literature_in_History.Manipuri_Literature_in_History_4 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=e-pao.net}}
*{{Cite web |title=Indian Folk Epics |url=http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/folklore1/epics.htm |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.ciil-ebooks.net}}


==See also==
{{Authority control}}
* [[Moirang Sai]]
* [[Panthoibi Khongul]]
* [[Khongjomnubi Nongarol]]
 
==Bibliography==
* https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ&q=moir%C4%81ng+s%C4%81iyon&dq=moir%C4%81ng+s%C4%81iyon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu_Lm1r7zuAhVi8HMBHTruCwEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Meiteimyth navbox long}}
{{simple-Wikipedia}}


[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Deal with the Devil]]
[[Category:Epic cycles of incarnations| ]]
[[Category:Heroes who ventured to Hades]]
[[Category:History of Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Love stories]]
[[Category:Marriage and religion]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Manipur]]
[[Category:Mythological lovers]]
[[Category:Recurrent elements in fairy tales]]
[[Category:Recurring elements in folklore]]
[[Category:Tropes]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in folklore and mythology]]

Revision as of 15:42, 26 December 2022


This article is about a collection of stories from the Meitei mythology. For the Greek mythology, see Epic cycle.
Epic cycles of incarnations
Khuman Khamba and Moirang Thoibi dancing before the King of Moirang
Folk tale
NameEpic cycles of incarnations
Also known as
Data
Aarne–Thompson groupingno
MythologyMeitei mythology (Manipuri mythology)
Country
RegionMoirang, Manipur
RelatedMeitei folklore (Manipuri folklore),
Meitei literature (Manipuri literature)
Part of a series on
Meitei mythology
A tableau depicting Meitei divine mythical beings, like Hiyang Hiren and Pakhangba.
Deities
Heroes and heroines
Mythical creatures
Related

The Moirang Shayon (Meitei: ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯌꯣꯟ) or Moirang Saiyon (Meitei: ꯃꯣꯢꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯢꯌꯣꯟ)[1] is a cyclic epic of seven incarnations (nine in some versions) of two divine lovers in the kingdom of Moirang[lower-alpha 1] in the realm of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur).[2][3][4][5][6]

Contents

Title Description
Akongjamba and Phouoibi (Meitei: ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯖꯥꯝꯕ - ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, Old Manipuri: ꯑꯀꯣꯡꯆꯥꯝꯄ - ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ, lit. 'Akongchampa and Phouoipi') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Kaba Purang (917-981 AD), Akongjamba, a handsome, married nobleman of Moirang, was captivated by the goddess Phouoibi, who fell in love with him. Due to Akongjamba's failure to keep his word and the cruelty of Akongjamba's wife, Phouoibi decides to leave the human world as well as her lover.[7][2][8]
Hensunaha and Lailoulempi (Meitei: ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯨꯅꯍꯥ - ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯧꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ, Old Manipuri: ꯍꯦꯟꯁꯨꯅꯍꯥ - ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯧꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ, lit. 'Henjunaha and Lairoulembi') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Telheiba (28-78 AD), Henjunaha Yangleingamba (Old Manipuri: Hensunaha Yangleingampa), a fatherless lad, was brought up by a poor widowed mother. He loved Thongnang Lairoulembi (Old Manipuri: Thongnang Lailoulempi), a beautiful lady brought up by a rich father. Henjunaha is murdered by evil spirits. Lairoulembi follows her lover by killing herself, after which she faces troubles and adventures in the underworld.[7][2][8]:63–65
Khuyol Haoba and Yaithing Konu (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯕ - ꯌꯥꯏꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ, Old Manipuri: ꯈꯨꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯎꯄ - ꯌꯥꯏꯊꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯅꯨ, lit. 'Khuyol Haupa and Yaithing Konu') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Sana Lakhwa (185-236 AD), Khuyol Haoba, was the son of late Khundouremba (Old Manipuri: Khuntoulempa), a court official of Moirang. Yaithing Konu was the daughter of Luwang Huiningsumba (Old Manipuri: Luwang Huiningsumpa), an influential nobleman. During an escape from a murderous attack by his enemies, Khuyol Haoba fell in love with Yaithing Konu. Konu married another man but fate permitted Konu to unite with Haoba in the end.[7][2][8]:65–66
Kadeng Thangjahanba and Tonu Laijinglembi (Meitei: ꯀꯗꯦꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯍꯟꯕ - ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯕꯤ, Old Manipuri: ꯀꯇꯦꯡ ꯊꯥꯡꯆꯍꯟꯄ - ꯇꯣꯅꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯤꯡꯂꯦꯝꯄꯤ, lit. 'Kateng Thangchahanpa and Tonu Laichinglempi') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Laijing Punsiba (1138-1210 AD), Kadeng Thangjahanba was a talented and skilful royal chief metalsmith appointed by King Laijing Ningthou Punsiba (Old Manipuri: Laiching Ningthou Punsipa), who loved Tonu Laijinglembi, the only daughter of Laijing Lakpa (Old Manipuri: Laiching Lakpa), a favourite nobleman of the King of Moirang. During the absence of Thangjahanba, Tonu was married to the King of Moirang, who was unaware of the relationship between the two lovers. Once the king found out the truth, he generously returned the lady to her true lover.[7][2][8]:66–67
Ura Naha Khongjomba and Pidonnu (Meitei: ꯎꯔꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯣꯝꯕ - ꯄꯤꯗꯣꯅꯨ, Old Manipuri: ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯣꯝꯄ - ꯄꯤꯇꯣꯡꯅꯨ, lit. 'Khongchompa and Pitongnu') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Laijing Punsiba (1138-1210 AD), Khongjomba (1210-1263 AD) was the biological son of King Laijing Ningthou Punsiba and Lady Tonu Laijinglembi, but he was born in the house of his foster father Kadeng Thangjahanba, the second husband of Tonu Laijinglembi. Pidonnu was the daughter of a nobleman of Moirang. Born as a legitimate but unrecognized royal offspring, Khongjomba faced abuse from the king's adopted son and her for his love affair with Lady Pidonnu. When the king discovers the truth, he has crowned his true son Khongjomba crowned as the sovereign of Moirang, discarding his adopted heir.[7][2][8]:67–68
Wanglen Pungdingheiba and Sappa Chanu Silheibi (Meitei: ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯗꯤꯡꯍꯩꯕ - ꯁꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯅꯨ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯕꯤ, Old Manipuri: ꯋꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯡꯇꯤꯟꯍꯟꯄ - ꯆꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏꯅꯨ ꯐꯤꯁꯥꯍꯩꯄꯤ, lit. 'Wanglen Pungtinhanpa and Chakpa Yainu Phisaheipi') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Ura Khongyamba (533-574 AD), Wanglen Pungdingheiba was a skilled maker of pung (a type of drum). Lady Sappa Chanu Silheibi was a skilful weaver. The two lovers compete to determine who can perform their craft the fastest. Due to a misunderstanding, Lady Silheibi believes she is being mocked for her defeat and kills herself. Upon discovering his lover's corpse in a pool of blood, Pungdingheiba follows her.[7][2][8]:68–69
Khamba and Thoibi (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ - ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, Old Manipuri: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ ꯈꯝꯄ - ꯃꯣꯏꯂꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ, lit. 'Khuman Khampa and Moilang Thoipi') During the reign of Moilang King Iwang Puriklai Chingkhu Telheiba (1083-1138 AD), Khuman Khamba, an orphan raised by his elder sister, and Thoibi, the only princess of Moirang, fell in love. After facing different adventures, conspiracies, cruelties, threats and even murder attempts, the two lovers are united in the end.[7][8]:69–70

In popular culture

In popular culture, the epic cycles of incarnations appear in arts, books, movies, theatres and many others.

Manmohan Singh, the then prime minister of India, being presented a memento of a painting depicting Khuman Khamba capturing the Kao (bull), by Dr. Shivinder Singh Sidhu, the then Governor of Manipur and Okram Ibobi Singh, the then Chief Minister of Manipur, on the occasion of the foundation stone laying ceremony of three projects, National Academy of Sports, Convention Center and Manipur Institute of Technology, in the Kangla in Manipur on 2 December 2006

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Moirang was an independent kingdom in early times, though later became a province of a unified kingdom, called Manipur Kingdom.

References

  1. ↑ "Glimpses of Manipuri Language, Literature, and Culture". Manipuri Sahitya Parishad. 1970. p. 15. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. pp. 236, 237. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0. Numerous manuscripts of the Moirang region dwell on the theme of love. One of the most popular stories refers to the seven pairs of lovers who are regarded as incarnations of the same souls in different generations or age.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ↑ Datta, Amaresh (1987). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo. India: Sahitya Akademi. p. 349. ISBN 978-81-260-1803-1. The epic ballad cycle of the incarnations of Moirang which is nine in number according to some and only seven according to others is a grand majestic saga of the eternal triangle in which generations after generations would find reflections of the various hopes, ideals and aspirations of each age.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ↑ Kaushal, Molly; Arts, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the (2001). Chanted Narratives: The Living "katha-vachana" Tradition. India: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-246-0182-2.
  5. ↑ Pattanayak, Debi Prasanna; Claus, Peter J. (1981). Indian Folklore. Original from:Indiana University. India: Central Institute of Indian Languages. p. 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  6. ↑ Jādava, Kiśora (1998). Folklore and Its Motifs in Modern Literature. India: Manas Publications. pp. 69, 142. ISBN 978-81-7049-086-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 "Salwons And Langwons Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 9". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 62, 63. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  9. ↑ "KAO - A Glimpse of Manipuri Opera". e-pao.net.
  10. ↑ ""Kao - the sacred bull" by Laihui on 6 March 2011". e-pao.net.
  11. ↑ Press, Imphal Free. "MDU drama festival from March 21 – KanglaOnline". Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  12. ↑ NEWS, NE NOW (2018-03-26). "Manipur Folk Drama Festival kicks off in Imphal". NORTHEAST NOW. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  13. ↑ "Literary books in Meitei Mayek released : 29th apr18 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  14. ↑ "Literary books in Meitei Mayek released – Manipur News". Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  15. ↑ "Kao Faba displayed". e-pao.net.
  16. ↑ "Kao Faba displayed". www.thesangaiexpress.com.
  17. ↑ "Kao Faba displayed". thesangaiexpress.com.

External links

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