List of battles of Rajasthan: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Chokha, Battle of Haldighati, painted 1822.jpg|thumb|488x488px|[[Battle of Haldighati]], fought between [[Man Singh]] and [[Maharana Pratap]].]]
{{Short description|Wars and battles involving ancient Rajputana}}
[[File:Chokha, Battle of Haldighati, painted 1822.jpg|thumb|488x488px|[[Battle of Haldighati]], fought between [[Mughals]] and [[Maharana Pratap]].]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
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==Against the Arabs==
==Against the Arabs==


*[[Battle of Rajasthan (738 CE)]]
* '''[[Umayyad campaigns in India]] (712–740 CE)''' – An alliance of rulers under [[Rajput]] [[Pratihar]] King [[Nagabhata I]] defeated the Arabs in 711 CE in alliance with [[Sisodias of Mewar|Kingdom of Mewar]] Rajput king [[Bappa Rawal]], and forced them to retreat to [[Sindh]].<ref>R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299</ref>
*[[Umayyad campaigns in India]] '''(740)''' - An alliance of rulers under Pratihar King [[Nagabhata I]] defeated the Arabs in 711 CE in alliance with Mewad king Bappa Rawal, and forced them to retreat to Sindh.<ref>R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299</ref>


==Against the Ghurids==
==Against the Ghurids==
*[[Battle of Kasahrada]] '''(1178)''' - [[Mularaja II]] defeats [[Muhammad of Ghor|Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=131-132}}{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=138}}{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=259}}
* '''[[Battle of Kasahrada]] (1178)''' – [[Mularaja II]] of [[Chaulukya dynasty]] defeated [[Muhammad of Ghor|Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|pp=131-132}}{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=138}}{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=259}}
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==During the Sultanates of Delhi, Gujarat and Malwa==
==Against the Sultanates of Delhi, Gujarat and Malwa==
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1226)]] - [[Iltutmish]] captured the fort in 1226 CE.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1226)]]''' – [[Iltutmish]] captured the [[Ranthambore fort]] in 1226 CE.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1236)]] - Vagbhata Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler [[Razia Sultana|Razia]].{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1236)]]''' – [[Vagbhata Chauhan]] recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler [[Razia Sultana|Razia]].{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1248)]] - Vagabhata Chauhan successfully defended the fort against [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]].{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1248)]]''' – Vagabhata Chauhan successfully defended the fort against [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]].{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1253)]] - Vagbhata Chauhan repelled another invasion from the Mamluks.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1253)]]''' – Vagbhata Chauhan repelled another invasion from the Mamluks.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}  
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1259)]] -[[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] captured Ranthambore from Jaitra singh Chauhan.
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1259)]]''' – [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]] captured Ranthambore from Jetra Singh Chauchan.
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1283)]] -Shakti Dev Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore from the Mamluks.
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1283)]]''' – Shakti Dev Chauhan recaptured Ranthambore from the Mamluks.
*[[Battle of Ranthambore (1290)]] - [[Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]] attacked [[Hammir Dev Chauhan|Hammir deo]] or Hamir Dev because of his rising power. Jalaludin's forces were defeated by Hamir.
*'''[[Battle of Ranthambore (1290)]]''' – [[Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]] attacked [[Hammir Dev Chauhan|Hammir Dev]] because of his rising power. Jalaludin's forces were defeated by Hammir.
* Siege of [[Jaisalmer]] (1294-1295) - [[Alauddin Khalji]] commanded the Khilji army under [[Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]] and plundered [[Jaisalmer]] after a siege that lasted for a year. For some years afterwards Jaisalmer remained abandoned before the surviving Rajputs reoccupied it.<ref name="Beny & Matheson. Page 149">Beny & Matheson, p. 149.</ref>  
* '''[[Siege of Jaisalmer (1294–1295)]]''' – [[Alauddin Khalji]] commanded the Khilji army under [[Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji]] and plundered [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] after a siege that lasted for a year. For some years afterwards Jaisalmer remained abandoned before the surviving Rajputs reoccupied it.<ref name="Beny & Matheson. Page 149">Beny & Matheson, p. 149.</ref>
*  
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1301)|Siege of Ranthambore]] (1301)''' – [[Hammiradeva]] defeated [[Alauddin Khalji]]'s generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan; later, Alauddin defeated Hamira dev.
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1301)|Siege of Ranthombore]] (1301) – [[Hammiradeva]] defeated [[Alauddin Khalji]]'s generals Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan; later, Alauddin defeated Hamira dev.
* '''[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|Siege of Chittor]] (1303)''' – Alauddin Khalji defeated [[Rawal Ratan Singh]].
* [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)|Siege of Chittor]] (1303) – Alauddin Khalji defeated [[Rawal Ratan Singh]].
* '''[[Siege of Siwana]] (1308)''' – Malik Kamaluddin a general of Alauddin Khalji defeated Sheetal Deo.
* [[Siege of Siwana]] (1308) – Malik Kamaluddin a general of Alauddin Khalji defeated Sheetal deo.
* '''[[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|Battle of Jalore]] (1310–11)''' – Alauddin Khalji defeated [[Kanhad Dev]] after a long and bloody war it was a pyrrhic victory.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of Rajasthani Literature |last=Maheshwari |first=Hiralal |year=1980 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rK42AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Kanhad+Dev%22 |page=17 }}</ref>
* [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|Battle of Jalore]] (1310–11) – Alauddin Khalji defeated [[Kanhad Dev|Kanhad deo]] after a long and bloody war it was a pyrrhic victory.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of Rajasthani Literature |last=Maheshwari |first=Hiralal |year=1980 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rK42AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Kanhad+Dev%22 |page=17 }}</ref>
* '''Battle of Chittor (1321)''' – Rana [[Hammir Singh]] defeated Maldev Songara, a vassal of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] and recovered [[Mewar]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=116–117}}</ref>
* Battle of [[Chittor]] (1321) - Rana [[Hammir Singh]] defeated Maldev Songara, a vassal of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] and recovered [[Mewar]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=116–117}}</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Singoli]] (1336)''' – Rana [[Hammir Singh]] defeated and imprisoned [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] and annexed [[Ajmer]], [[Ranthambhore Fort]], [[Nagaur]] and Shivapuri.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante |edition=2nd |editor=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Indian-History/Rajput-Victories-in-Indian-history-1.aspx|title=Rajput Victories in Indian History}}</ref>
*[[Battle of Singoli]] (1336) – Rana [[Hammir Singh]] defeated and imprisoned [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] and annexed Ajmer, Ranthambhore, Nagor and Shivapuri.<ref>{{cite book |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante |edition=2nd |editor=R. C. Majumdar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XKVFAQAAMAAJ |year=1960 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=70}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Indian-History/Rajput-Victories-in-Indian-history-1.aspx|title=Rajput Victories in Indian History}}</ref>
* '''Battle of Malani (1378)''' – [[Rawal Mallinath]] [[Rathore]] defeated thirteen division of Mohamadan army of Nijjamudin of [[Malwa]] and [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]].<ref name="ReferenceA">Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 27</ref><ref name="Marwar ka itihas Page no. 54">Marwar ka itihas Page no. 54</ref>
*Battle of Mandore (1396) - [[Chunda of Mandore|Rao Chunda]] successfully defended Mandore against a [[Tughlaq Empire|Tughlaq]] army and captured Sambhar, Didwana, Khatu and Ajmer from them.<ref name=CD>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa and co.|year=2006|pages=379–380|isbn=9788129115010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ&q=rajasthan%20rima%20hooja}}</ref>
* '''Battle of Mandore (1394)''' – [[Rawal Mallinath]] [[Rathore]] sent a contingent under his nephew [[Chunda of Mandore|Rao Chunda]] to annex [[Mandore]]. [[Chunda of Mandore|Rao Chunda]] defeated Muslim force and annexed [[Mandore]].<ref>Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 33</ref>
*Battle of Sirohi (1434) - Rana Kumbha defeated Rao Sahasmal Deora and captured Basaritgarh, Bhula and areas of Abu.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 36.</ref>
* '''Battle of Mandore (1396)''' – [[Chunda of Mandore|Rao Chunda]] [[Rathore]] successfully defended [[Mandore]] against a [[Tughlaq Empire|Tughlaq]] army and captured Sambhar, Didwana, Khatu and Ajmer from them.<ref name=CD>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa and co.|year=2006|pages=379–380|isbn=9788129115010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ&q=rajasthan%20rima%20hooja}}</ref>
*Siege of Mandalgarh (1435-6) - Rana Kumbha captured Mandalgarh fort from Rao Bairisal Hada.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 5.</ref>
* '''Battle of Nagaur (1399)''' – [[Rao Chunda]] Rathore defeated Jalal Khan Khokhar of Nagaur and annexed [[Nagur State|Nagaur]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*[[Battle of Sarangpur]] (1437) -  [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana kumbh]] defeated and imprisoned [[Mahmud Khalji]].
*'''Battle of Malani (1399)''' – [[Kunwar Jagmal Singh Mahecha]] Rawal of Malani defeated Hathi Khan general of Gujarat Sultan [[Mahmud Begada]] and married Muslim princces Gindoli.<ref>Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 34</ref><ref name="Marwar ka itihas Page no. 54"/>
* [[Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas]] (1442-1446) - A series of battles that took place between [[Mahmud Khalji]] of [[Malwa]] and [[Rana Kumbha]] of [[Mewar]]. bloodied by these engagements the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.<ref>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.</ref><ref>Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47</ref>
* '''Battle of Mandore (1421)''' – [[Chunda of Mandore|Rao Chunda]] Re-captured Nagaur from Firozkhan.<ref>Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 28</ref>
*Siege of Gagron (February 1444) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Gagron which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by bhils while fleeing from the fort.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.</ref>
*'''Battle of [[Sirohi]] (1434)''' – [[Rao Ranmal]] defeated Rao Sahasmal Deora and captured Basantgarh, Bhula and areas of Abu.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 36.</ref>
*Siege of Mandore (1454) - Rao Jodha recaptured Mandore from Rana Kumbha.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 30.</ref>
*'''Siege of Mandalgarh (1435-6)''' – [[Rao Ranmal]] [[Rathore]] captured [[Mandalgarh fort]] from Rao Bairisal Hada.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 5.</ref>
*Battle of Abu (1455) - Qutbuddin sent Imadul Mulk to invade Mewar through Abu, but Imadul suffered heavy losses against the Mewari soldiers posted on the hills and was immediately called back.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 18.</ref>
*'''[[Battle of Sarangpur]] (1437)''' – Rao Ranmal [[Rathore]] defeated and imprisoned [[Mahmud Khalji]].
* [[Battle of Nagaur]] (1456) - [[Rana Kumbha]] defeated the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of [[Nagaur]]) and Qutbuddin (Sultan of Gujarat) and captured [[Nagaur]], [[Kasili]], [[Khandela]] and [[shakambhari]].<ref>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas]] (1442-1446)''' – A series of battles that took place between [[Mahmud Khalji]] of [[Malwa]] and [[Rana Kumbha]] of [[Mewar]]. Bloodied by these engagements the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.<ref>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.</ref><ref>Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47</ref>
*Battle of Mandalgarh (1456) - Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh, he sent 7 detachments to attack the Rana from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.</ref>
*'''Siege of Gagron (1444)''' – Sultan Mahmud besieged [[Gagron fort]] which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by bhils while fleeing from the fort.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.</ref>
*Siege of Mandalgarh (December 1456-October 1457) - In December Rana Kumbha was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.</ref>
*'''Siege of Mandore (1454)''' – [[Rao Jodha]] [[Rathore]] recaptured Mandore from [[Rana Kumbha]].<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 30.</ref>
*Siege of Kumbalgarh (1458-9) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Kumbalgarh but finding the fort too strong he retreated back to Mandu.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.</ref>
*'''Battle of Abu (1455)''' – Qutbuddin sent Imadul Mulk to invade Mewar through Abu, but Imadul suffered heavy losses against the Mewari soldiers posted on the hills and was immediately called back.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 18.</ref>
*Battle of Mandalgarh (1467) - Sultan Mahmud invaded Mewar and fought a battle with Rana Kumbha, but retreated after taking heavy losses. This was the last battle fought between the two rivals.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Nagaur]] (1456)''' – [[Rana Kumbha]] defeated the combined armies of Shams Khan (sultan of [[Nagaur]]) and Qutbuddin (Sultan of Gujarat) and captured [[Nagaur]], [[Kasili]], [[Khandela]] and [[shakambhari]].<ref>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117</ref>
* Battle of Peepar (1492) - [[Satal Rathor of Marwar|Rao Satal]] defeated Gudhla Khan, an Afghan general and rescued 140 maidens that had been captured. Rao Satal himself died that night of the wounds received in the battle.<ref>Indian States a biographical, sustainable and administrative survey by jw solomon</ref>
*'''Battle of Mandalgarh (1456)''' – Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh, he sent seven detachments to attack the [[Rana Kumbha]] from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.</ref>
* [[Battle of Khatoli]] (1518) – [[Rana Sanga]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodhi]].
*'''Siege of Mandalgarh (1456-57)''' – In December [[Rana Kumbha]] was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat, Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege.<ref>Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.</ref>
* [[Battle of Dholpur]] (1519) - [[Rana Sanga]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodhi]].
*'''Siege of Kumbhalgarh (1458-9)''' – Sultan Mahmud besieged [[Kumbalgarh fort]] but finding the fort too strong he retreated back to Mandu.<ref name="ReferenceB">Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.</ref>
* [[Battle of Gagron]] (1519) – Rana Sanga defeated Mahmud Khalji of [[Malwa]].
*'''Siege of Nagaur (1466)''' – [[Rao Jodha]] defeated Fatankhan of Nagaur. Fatankhan was forced to flee to [[Jhunjhunu]].<ref>Glories of Marwar and the glorious Rathore, pg 32.</ref>
* [[Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat]] (1520) - In 1520 A.D. [[Rana Sanga]] led a coalition of [[Rajput]] armies to invade [[Gujarat]]. He reinstated Raimal as the rao of Idar and defeated the Gujarat sultanate forces under the command of Nizam Khan. Rana Sanga drove the army of Muzaffar II deep into Gujarat and chased them up to [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan, Section:The State of Mewar, AD 1500- AD 1600|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=9788129108906|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Muzaffar+II|accessdate=2020-09-16}}</ref> The Sultan of Gujarat was forced to flee to [[Champaner|Muhammadabad]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich Maharana Sanga] by Har Bilas Sarda{{pn|date=May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=J. Chaube|title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=147|isbn=9780883865736}}</ref>
*'''Battle of Mandalgarh (1467)''' – Sultan Mahmud invaded Mewar and fought a battle with [[Rana Kumbha]], but retreated after defeated & taking heavy losses.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* [[Siege of Mandsaur]] (1520) - Sultan Muzaffar Shah II sent an army under Malik Ayaz but failed and retreated to Gujarat.<ref>The Hindupat, the Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. 1918. Reprint. London pg 84-86</ref>
*'''Battle of Chappar-Dronpur (1474)''' – [[Rao Jodha]] defeated [[Bahlol Khan]] and [[Hussian Shah]] of [[Jaunpur Sultanat]].<ref>Glories of marwar and the glorious Rathore,pg 32.</ref>
* Battle of Bayana (1527) - Babur sent an army to capture Bayana but the Mughals were defeated by Rana Sanga. The Mughals however plundered a temple built by Rana Sanga in the memory of his mother.<ref>Satish Chandra 2006 p=33</ref>  
*'''Siege of Chittorgarh (1475)''' – After the death of [[Udai Singh I]] The sultan of Mandu helped Surajmal and Shahasmal. He started with a large army to assist Surajmal and Shashasmal to the throne of Mewar and arrived near [[Chittor]]. [[Rana Raimal]] issued from the fortress and attacked [[Ghiyath Shah]] who being utterly defeated , fled to Mandu.<ref>Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race, pg -6, by Sarda Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955</ref>
* [[Battle of Khanwa]] (1527) - [[Rana Sanga]] led the Rajput armies against [[Babur]] of [[Ferghana]]
* '''Battle of Peepar (1492)''' – [[Satal Rathore of Marwar|Rao Satal]] [[Rathore]] defeated Gudhla Khan, an Afghan general and rescued 140 Maidens that had been captured. Rao Satal himself died that night of the wounds received in the battle.<ref>Indian States a biographical, sustainable and administrative survey by jw solomon</ref>
* Battle of Sohaba (1542) – [[Maldev Rathore|Rao Maldev]] killed Rao Jaitsi in battle and captured Bikaner.<ref>Rajasthan pg.70 by Dharmpal</ref>
* '''Battle of Bikaner (1513)''' – Muhammad Khan of Nagaur invaded [[Bikaner State|Rathor kingdom of Bikaner]] but was defeated by [[Lunkaran]] Rathore.
* [[Battle of Sammel]] (1544) – [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s costly victory against the army of Jaita and Kumpa.<ref>Tarikh -i Daudi Farid bin Hasan Sur entitled Shir Shah fol 114</ref>
* '''Battle of Jaisalmer ( 1513 )''' – Lunkaran Rathore defeated [[Rawal Jaitsi]].
* Battle of Jodhpur (July 1545) - [[Maldev Rathore|Rao Maldev]] defeated the Afghan garrison in Marwar and reoccupied his lost territories.<ref>Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, p.43</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Khatoli]] (1518)''' – [[Rana Sanga]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodhi]].
* Battle of Harmada (1557) - [[Maldeo Rathore]] defeated [[Udai Singh II]] and captured Merta.<ref>Akbarnama II pg 72</ref><ref>Jodhpur Khyat pg 76</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Dholpur]] (1519)''' – [[Rana Sanga]] defeated [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] second time.
* '''[[Battle of Gagron]] (1519)''' – Rana Sanga defeated [[Mahmud Khalji]] of [[Malwa]].
* '''[[Rana Sanga's invasion of Gujarat|Rana Sanga conquest of Gujarat]] (1520)''' - In 1520 [[Rana Sanga]] led a coalition of [[Rajput]] armies to invade [[Gujarat]]. He reinstated Raimal as the Rao of [[Idar]] and defeated the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] forces under the command of Nizam Khan. Rana Sanga drove the army of Muzaffar II deep into Gujarat and chased them up to [[Ahmedabad]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan, Section:The State of Mewar, AD 1500- AD 1600|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=9788129108906|page=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Muzaffar+II|accessdate=2020-09-16}}</ref> The Sultan of Gujarat was forced to flee to [[Champaner|Muhammadabad]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/maharanasangahin00sardrich Maharana Sanga] by Har Bilas Sarda{{pn|date=May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=J. Chaube|title=History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |page=147|isbn=9780883865736}}</ref>
* '''[[Siege of Mandsaur]] (1520)''' – Sultan Muzaffar Shah II sent an army under Malik Ayaz but failed and retreated to Gujarat.<ref>The Hindupat, the Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. 1918. Reprint. London pg 84-86</ref>
* '''Battle of Sevaki (1529)''' – [[Rao Ganga]] and [[Rao Jaitsi]] defeated Shekha and Daulat Khan of Nagaur.
*'''Battle of Hirabadi (1533)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] defeated Daulat Khan of Nagaur. Daulat Khan was forced to flee to [[AAjmer]]
* '''Siege of Jaisalmer (1537)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] besieged Jaisalmer. Rawal Lunkaran sued for peace.


==During the Mughal Empire==
==Against Sur Empire==
* Battle of Ajmer (1559) - [[Akbar]]'s general Qasim Khan annexed Ajmer from [[Maldeo Rathore]].<ref>Akbarnama II pg 46</ref>
*'''Battle of Bhadrajun (1533)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] [[Rathore]] defeated Veera.
* Battle of [[Merta City|Merta]] (1562) - [[Akbar]] with the help of [[Rajas]] from [[Bikaner]] and [[Amer, India|Amer]] defeated [[Rao Chandra Sen]] and captured [[Merta City|Merta]].
*'''Siege of Siwana ( 1538 )''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] sent 500 soldiers to annex [[Siwana Fort]] from Mahecha [[Rathore]]s for helping [[Bhati]]s of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] in "Siege of Jaisalmer". [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] defeated Rao Dungarsi Mahecha  and annexed Siwana.<ref>Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 35</ref>
* First [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Invasion of [[Marwar]] (1562-1583) - [[Akbar]] invaded [[Marwar]] and occupied [[Jodhpur]]. The ruler [[Rao Chandra Sen]] continued his struggle until his death in 1581 after which [[Marwar]] submitted to Mughal rule in 1583.<ref>Studies in Mughal History pg 91 by Ashwini Agrawal</ref>
*'''Battle of Raipur (1538)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] [[Rathore]] defeated Veera second time.
* [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittorgarh]] (1567) – [[Akbar]] defeated [[Rao Jaimal]] and [[Patta (Rajasthan)|Patta]] ([[Udai Singh II]] escaped with his family to aravali hills)
* '''Battle of Jalore (1538)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] sent Bida Rathore to annex [[Jalore]]. Maldeo's force in command of Bida Rathore defeated Sikandar Khan and imprisoned him and annexed Jalore into [[Jodhpur State|Marwar kingdom]].
* [[Siege of Ranthambore (1568)|Siege of Ranthambore]] (1568) - A successful siege by [[Akbar]] causes the [[Rajput]] leader Rao Surjan Hada to surrender [[Ranthambore Fort]].
* '''Battle of Pahoba/Sohaba (1542)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] defeated [[Rao Jaitsi]] in battle and captured [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]].<ref>Rajasthan pg.70 by Dharmpal</ref>
* Siege of Siwana (1572) - In 1572 the powerful fort of Siwana which served as Rao Chandrasens capital was captured by the Mughals after a siege of 8 months.<ref>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II pg-120, by Satish Chandra</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Sammel]] (1544)''' – Costly Afghan victory against [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] force led by [[Rao Jaita]] and [[Rao Kumpa]] [[Jodhpur State|Marwar kingdom]]. [[Sher Shah Suri]] exclaimed after luckly victory that ''"For a handful of millet, I almost lost the Empire of Hindustan."''<ref>Hooja, Rima (2018). Rajasthan, A Concise History. Rupa & Company. pp. 353–355. ISBN 9788129150431.</ref><ref>Glories of Marwar and glorious Rathore pg. 38</ref><ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81-2</ref>
* [[Battle of Haldighati]] (1576) – [[Man Singh I]] defeated [[Maharana Pratap|Rana Pratap]].
* '''Battle of Jodhpur (1545)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore|Rao Maldeo]] [[Rathore]] defeated the Afghan garrison in [[Marwar]] and reoccupied his lost territories.<ref>Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, p.43</ref>
* [[Battle of Dewair (1582)]] - [[Maharana Pratap]] fought against Mughal governor of [[Dewair]] Sultan Khan and defeated him and 36 Mughal posts were dissolved.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gopinath Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIs9AAAAMAAJ|title=Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)|date=1954|publisher=S.L. Agarwala|page=73|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Dewair (1606)]] - Fought in a valley 40&nbsp;km from [[Kumbalgarh]]. [[Rana Amar Singh]] defeated, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Muhammad Parviz]] fled from the battlefield with his commander Asaf Khan III.<ref name=g>{{citation|location=[[Rajasthan]]|title=District Gazetteers|last=Rajsamand|date=2001|page=35|quote=The battle of Dewar was fought in a valley of Arvali about 40 km north -east of Kumbhalgarh. ... Prince Amar Singh fought valiantly and pierced through Sultan Khan and the horse he was riding.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=A military history of medieval India|date=2003|page=530|quote=Prince Pravez and Asaf Khan led an army of 20,000 horse which fought a battle against Rana Amar Singh at Dewar}}</ref>
* Second [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Invasion of [[Marwar]] (1679-1707) - [[Aurangzeb]] took [[Marwar]] under his direct control after the death of [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]. The [[Rathore]] army under [[Durgadas Rathore]] carried out a relentless struggle against the occupying forces. In 1707 after the death of Aurangzeb, Durgadas defeated the local Mughal force and reoccupied [[Jodhpur]] and their lost territories.<ref>The Cambridge History of India pg 248-304</ref>
* Battle of Udaipur (1680) - [[Aurangzeb]] attacked [[Mewar]] and plundered [[Udaipur]], the citizens were safely escorted to the aravalli hills by [[Rana Raj Singh]] but 63 temples in and around Udaipur were plundered and many villages were burned down by Aurangzeb's general Taj Khan. The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army was eventually starved because of the scorched earth techniques and guerrilla warfare used by the Rana. Aurangzeb after a failed campaign left Mewar to his son [[Sultan Muhammad Akbar|Akbar]] and retreated to [[Ajmer]].<ref>Maharana Raj Singh and His Times By Ram Sharma</ref>
* Battle of [[Aravalli hills]] (1680) - In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. [[Niccolao Manucci]], an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "''for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom.''" Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons [[Sultan Muhammad Akbar|Akbar]], [[Azam Shah|Azam]] and [[Bahadur Shah I|Muazzam]], penetrated the [[Aravalli hills]] from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills.<ref>Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci</ref>
* Battle of Jodhpur (1707) - [[Durgadas Rathore]] took advantage of the disturbances following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to seize [[Jodhpur]] and eventually evict the occupying [[Mughal Army|Mughal]] force out of [[Marwar]].<ref>Cambridge history of India pg. 304</ref>
* Annexation of Amer (January 1708) - [[Bahadur Shah I]] marched with a large army and annexed [[Amer, India|Amer]] without a war. Raja Jai Singh was forced to retreat with his army. Amber was named Mominabad by the Mughal emperor.{{sfn|Irvine|p=47}}
* Battle of Merta (February 1708) - [[Bahadur Shah I]]'s general Mihrab Khan defeated [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]]. The Mughal emperor was advised to stay in Ajmer as the Mughals were wary of the guerrilla tactics of Durgadas. Ajit Singh however went against the advice of Durgadas Rathore and directly confronted the large Mughal army. The Mughals bombarded the Rathor horsemen with cannons and rockets and forced them to retreat after heavy losses. Jodhpur was once again occupied by the Mughals. Ajit Singh received "special robes of honour" and a jewelled scarf from the Emperor for his bravery shown in battle.{{sfn|Irvine|p=48}}
* [[Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710]] - The three [[Rajput]] [[Raja]]'s of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], [[Udaipur]] and [[Jodhpur]] made a joint resistance to the [[Mughals]]. The [[Rajputs]] first expelled the commandants of [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bayana]] and recovered [[Amer, India|Amer]] by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha in the battle of Sambhar (1709). Raja Ajit Singh also attacked Ajmer and forced its governor to pay tribute. Sayyid Hidayatullah, the governor of Ranthambore was also defeated, bringing a danger to the Mughal capital itself. [[Bahadur Shah I]], then in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas (1710).<ref>The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3 pg 322</ref>
* Siege of Jodhpur and Jaipur (July 1708) - Jai Singh and Ajit Singh storm Amber and Jodhpur and retake their capitals from the Mughal garrisons.<ref name=RZ>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|pages=162|isbn=9788125003335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=bahadur+shah+was+absent}}</ref>  
* Battle of Sambhar (October 1708) - Sayyid Hussain Barha of Mewat and Churaman Jat defeated near Sambhar by the Rathore-Kachwaha army. Barha shot dead with his two brothers.<ref name=RZ/>
* Battle of Javli (January 1710) - Mir Khan of Narnaul with 7000 Mughal troops and Churaman Jat with 6000 Jats effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka at Javli.<ref name=RZ/>  
* Battle of Tonk (24 March 1710) - Muhammad Khan of Tonk defeated by the Rathore-Kachwaha army.<ref name=RZ/>
* [[Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710|Battle of Kama (1708)]] (October 4–7, 1708)  - Ajit Singh Kachwaha, the Rajput zamindar of Kama defeated the combined armies of Mughals and Jats. The Mughal-Jat army numbered 18,000 while the Kachwahas had 10,000 horsemen. After a bitter fight the Mughal faujdar Raza Bahadur was killed and the Jat leader Churaman was forced to flee to Thun.<ref>AKhbarat, Kartik Sudi 5, Samvat, 1765 (7 October 1708) quoted by U.N. Sharma, Itihas, I, 215, 212-215</ref><ref>Kamwar, II, 315</ref><ref name=Dwivedi61>{{harvnb|Dwivedi|2003|p=61}}</ref>
* Jai Singh II's campaign against the Jats (1718-1722)  - The Jats under Churaman had been actively looting and plundering in the Agra district due to which the Mughals had to close the roads to Delhi and Agra for the safety of the traders. In 1718 Sawai Jai Singh II was appointed by the Mughal emperor to destroy the Jat stronghold of Thun. Jai Singh surrounded the fort and was about to breach it when the Sayyid brothers, who were rivals of the Jaipur raja, made a separate peace with the Jats on behalf of the emperor. Jai Singh was forced to withdraw in disgust. Two years later Churaman died and his son Mokham Singh succeeded him. Mokhams first step as a ruler was to imprison his cousin Badan Singh. Badan asked for help from Sawai Jai Singh II. Jai Singh readily set upon Thun and captured it after a six-month siege. Mokham was forced to flee and Badan Singh was made the Raja of Deeg on the condition that he pays tribute.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_081.gif</ref>


==Post-Mughal rule==
==Against the Mughal Empire & their vassal kingdoms==
* [[Battle of Gangwana]] (1741) - 1,000 [[Rathore]] cavaliers of [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] fought a combined army of a 100,000 men consisting of [[Mughals]], [[Kachwahas]], [[Chauhan]]s, [[Jadaun rajput|Jadaun]]s, [[Sisodia]]s and [[Jats]]. In this battle Bhakt Singh was defeated but his cavalry charge killed and injured thousands of his foes. Sir Jadunath Sarkar quotes that - "the battle front was like tigers upon a flock of sheep". According to Harcharandas more than 12,000 men were slain in the battlefield.<ref>A History of Jaipur pg-200 by Jadunath Sarkar</ref><ref>Fall of the Mughal Empire pg-139-140 by Jadunath Sarkar</ref><ref>Harcharandas in Chahar Gulzar 377b-379b</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Bayana]] (1527)''' – [[Babur]] marched with his army to capture [[Bayana]] but the Mughals were defeated by [[Rana Sanga]], and Babur run from the battlefield to save himself.<ref>Satish Chandra 2006 p=33</ref>
* [[Battle of Rajamahal|Battle of Rajmahal]] (1747) - [[Ishvari Singh]] of Jaipur defeated a coalition of armies led by [[Jagat Singh II|Jagat Singh]] of Mewar.<ref>Rajasthan Through the Ages pg 182</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Khanwa]] (1527)''' – [[Rana Sanga]] led the Rajput armies against [[Babur]] of [[Ferghana]].
* [[Battle of Bagru]] (1748) - [[Madho Singh I]] defeated [[Ishvari Singh]].<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.188</ref>
* '''Siege of Bikaner (1534)''' – [[Rao Jaitsi]] [[Rathore]] defeated Mughal force under Kamran brother of emperor [[Humayun]].<ref>Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and company. p. 541. ISBN 9788129108906</ref>  
* Battle of Raona (1750) - The [[Mughal Empire]] invaded [[Marwar]] but were repelled by the armies of Raja Ram singh Rathore and Ishwari Singh Kachwaha.<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.189</ref>
* '''Battle of Harmada (1557)''' – [[Rao Maldeo Rathore]] defeated [[Udai Singh II]] and captured [[Merta City|Merta]].<ref>Akbarnama II pg 72</ref><ref>Jodhpur Khyat pg 76</ref>
* Battle of Luniawas (1750)- [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] challenged his nephew Ram Singh for the throne of Marwar. Ram Singh hired a large contingent of Afghan and Baloch Musketeers from Sindh to defeat his uncle, he further formed a powerful army in Jodhpur and appointed Sher Singh Rathor, a veteran general of Marwar to defeat the usurper. At first Ram Singhs general Sher Singh Rathore pushed [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] 4 miles back and almost forced him to retreat, 2000 Rathores of Bhakt Singh fell in the battle with 9 Rathor nobles and [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] was severely injured by spear and bullet wounds, but [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] made a fierce counterattack which killed Sher Singh and most of Ram Singhs commanders making the battle a costly victory for [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]].<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.196</ref><ref>Fall Of The Mughal Empire- Vol. I (4Th Edn.), Volume 1, By Jadunath Sarkar pg.159</ref>
* '''Battle of Ajmer (1559)''' – [[Akbar]]'s general Qasim Khan annexed [[Ajmer]] from [[Maldeo Rathore]].<ref>Akbarnama II pg 46</ref>
*Battle of Ajmer (1752) - On May 1752 Jayapa Sindhia and Ram Singh attacked Ajmer, sacked it and massacred the populace. Upon learning of the invasion, Bhakt Singh marched with his army and camped 8 miles away from Ajmer. He waited till July and then attacked Jayappa. Bhakt Singh blocked the surrounding paths and placed his guns on a hill, he then bombarded the Marathas, upon receiving heavy casualties, the Marathas fled along with the army of Ram Singh.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol 2|publisher=Orient BlackSwan; First edition|year=2007|isbn=|pages=102|url=}}</ref>
* '''Battle of Merta (1562)''' – [[Akbar]] with the help of ruler of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]] and [[Amer, India|Amer]] defeated [[Rao Chandra Sen|Rao Chandra Sen Rathore]] and captured [[Merta City|Merta]].
* [[Battle of Kumher]] (1754) - [[Suraj Mal]] Jat ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] defeated the combined armies of Marathas and Mughals.
* '''Battle of Lohawat (1562)''' – [[Rao Chandra Sen]] defeated [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]].
*[[Siege of forts of Barwara and Tonk (1757)]] - [[Raghunath Rao|Peshwa Raghunath Rao]] and [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] laid siege on the forts of Barwara and Tonk. They were defeated by the [[Rajput]] garrison of these forts under [[Sawai Madho Singh|Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh]].
* '''Battle of Nadol (1563)''' – [[Rao Chandra Sen]] defeated Ramchandra Rathore. Ramchandra fled to [[Nagaur]].
*[[Battle of Kakor (1759)]] - The Rajput forces of Madho Singh of Jaipur defeated and repulsed the Holkar forces of Malhar Rao Holkar led by the veteran Gangadhar Tantiya in present day Kakor, Uniara, Tonk district, Rajasthan.<ref>Thirty decisive battles of Jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204</ref>
* '''First Mughal Invasion of Marwar (1562-1583)''' – [[Akbar]] invaded [[Marwar]] and occupied [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]]. The ruler [[Rao Chandra Sen]] continued his struggle until his death in 1581 after which [[Marwar]] submitted to Mughal rule in 1583.<ref>Studies in Mughal History pg 91 by Ashwini Agrawal</ref>
*Battle of Mangrol (1761) - Madho Singh of Jaipur fought Malhar Rao Holkar. The [[Jaipur]] army had 10,000 men while the [[Holkar]] army had 6,000 men from [[Indore]] and 3,000 men supplied by the Rao of [[Kota State|Kota]]. After a 2-day battle the Jaipur army was completely destroyed. However Malhar Rao was not able to plunder [[Dhundhar]] for long as he was recalled to [[Bundelkhand]] because of rebellions and threats of invasion by Shuja-Ud-Daula of [[Awadh]].<ref>Rajasthan Through the Ages By R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi pg.202-204</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Mandalgarh]] (1567)''' – [[Akbar]] advanced by [[Dholpur]] route taking the forts of Sivapura and Kota, he dispatched a Mughal army under [[Asaf khan]] to take surrounding forts. Mandalgarh was the first to be attacked but Asaf khan was repulsed by the faithful commander Ballu Sinhji, a [[Solanki]] [[Rajput]]. Later Asaf khan and Wazir khan conquered Mandalgarh by defeating the Solanki contingent of the fort.<ref>The rajputs:A fighting race by jessarji sisodiya</ref>
* [[Battle of Maonda and Mandholi]] (1767) - [[Jaipur]] forces defeat the forces of [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]].<ref>History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256</ref>
* '''[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittorgarh]] (1567)''' – [[Akbar]] defeated [[Rao Jaimal]] and [[Patta Sisodia|Patta]] [[Sisodiya]] ([[Udai Singh II]] escaped with his family to Aravali hills)
* [[Battle of Kama]] (1768) - [[Madho Singh I]] invaded [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] at the head of 16,000 men where he defeated jat leader [[Jawahar Singh]] again on 29 February 1768.<ref>The Rajputana gazetteers - 1880</ref><ref>History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256</ref>
* '''[[Siege of Ranthambore (1568)|Siege of Ranthambore]] (1568)''' – A successful siege by [[Akbar]] causes the [[Rajput]] leader Rao Surjan Hada to surrender [[Ranthambore Fort]].
* [[Battle of Mandan]] (1775) - The Shekhawati Rajputs defeated a Mughal force under Mitrasen Ahir, Peero Khan and Kale Khan. After heavy losses Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled.<ref name=JP>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa and company|year=2006|pages=694|isbn=9788129115010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ&q=rime%20hooja%20rajasthan|quote=in a pitched battle at Mandan, both sides suffered heavily. Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled the field, leaving the Shekhawat chiefs victorious.}}</ref>
* '''Siege of Siwana (1572)''' – Mughal force under General [[Udai Singh of Marwar|Udai Singh]] Rathore defeated Kalyanmal Sinh Mahecha and Kalyandas Rathore and annexed powerful fort of [[Siwana Fort|Siwana]] which served as [[Rao Chandra Sen]]'s capital was captured by the Mughals after a siege of 8 months.<ref>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II pg-120, by Satish Chandra</ref>
* [[Battle of Khatu Shyamji]] (1779) - Chood Singh Nathawat of Doongri and Dalel Singh Khangarot of Sewa defeated the imperial army under Murtaza Khan Bhadech, Najaf Khan and Abdullah Khan.<ref name=JP/>
* '''[[Battle of Haldighati]] (1576)''' – Battle between [[Man Singh I]] and [[Pratap Singh I]].{{sfn|de la Garza|2016|p=56}}{{sfn|Raghavan|2018|p=67}}
* Battle of Tunga or [[Battle of Lalsot]] (1787) - Combined forces of [[Jaipur]] and [[Jodhpur]] Vs [[Maratha]] forces of [[Mahadaji Shinde]]. The bloody three-day battle at Tunga ended in a stale-mate.<ref name="lalsot">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=565|publisher=Greenwood Press|author=Jacques, Tony|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|others=Supported by the Rajput rulers of Jodhpur and Udaipur, Partab Singh of Jaipur took a massive force southeast against Marathas under Mahadji Sindhia. When his Mughal cavalry under Mohammad Beg and his nephew Ismail Beg Hamadani defected, Sindhia was defeated in a bloody three-day battle at Tunga, near Lalsot.|year=2006|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Dewair (1582)]]''' – [[Maharana Pratap]] fought against Mughal governor of [[Dewair]] Sultan Khan and defeated him and 36 Mughal posts were dissolved.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gopinath Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIs9AAAAMAAJ|title=Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.)|date=1954|publisher=S.L. Agarwala|page=73|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Patan]] (1790) - The Battle of Patan was fought on 20 June 1790 between the Scindias of Gwalior and the Kachwahas of Jaipur, and resulted decisive victory of Maratha forces.
* '''Battle of Dattani (1583)''' – Rao Surtan Deora Chauhan of Sirohi defeated Mughal force.
* '''[[Battle of Dewair (1606)]]''' – Fought in a valley 40&nbsp;km from [[Kumbalgarh]]. [[Rana Amar Singh]] defeated, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] prince [[Muhammad Parviz]] fled from the battlefield with his commander Asaf Khan III.<ref name=g>{{citation|location=[[Rajasthan]]|title=District Gazetteers|last=Rajsamand|date=2001|page=35|quote=The battle of Dewar was fought in a valley of Arvali about 40 km north -east of Kumbhalgarh. ... Prince Amar Singh fought valiantly and pierced through Sultan Khan and the horse he was riding.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=A military history of medieval India|date=2003|page=530|quote=Prince Pravez and Asaf Khan led an army of 20,000 horse which fought a battle against Rana Amar Singh at Dewar}}</ref>
* '''[[Rajput War (1679–1707)]]''' also known as '''Rathore Rebellion''' – [[Aurangzeb]] took [[Marwar]] under his direct control after the death of [[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]]. The Rathore army under Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] carried out a relentless struggle against the occupying forces. In 1707 after the death of Aurangzeb, Veer Durgadas defeated the local Mughal force and reoccupied [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] and their lost territories.<ref>The Cambridge History of India pg 248-304</ref>
* '''Battle of Khetasar (1680)''' – Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] defeated Rao Indar Singh.
* '''Battle of Udaipur (1680)''' – [[Aurangzeb]] attacked [[Mewar]] and plundered [[Udaipur]], the citizens were safely escorted to Panarwa a hilly region by [[Rana Raj Singh]] but 63 temples in and around Udaipur were plundered and many villages were burned down by Aurangzeb's general Taj Khan. The Mughal army was eventually starved because of the scorched earth techniques and guerrilla warfare used by the Rana. Aurangzeb after a failed campaign left Mewar to his son [[Sultan Muhammad Akbar|Akbar]] and retreated to [[Ajmer]].<ref>Maharana Raj Singh and His Times By Ram Sharma</ref>
* '''Battle of Aravalli hills (1680)''' – In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. [[Niccolao Manucci]], an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "''for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom.''" Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons [[Sultan Muhammad Akbar|Akbar]], [[Azam Shah|Azam]] and [[Bahadur Shah I|Muazzam]], penetrated the [[Aravalli hills]] from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and the Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb . Aurangzeb later complied to the demands of Rana Raj Sinh and Mewar was left alone.<ref>Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci</ref>
*'''Battle of Khanana (1681-1687)''' –  Rathore rebels under Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] defeated Mughal force. This battle resulted in major victory for Rathores. Kumpawats captured [[Siwana]] town from Mughals. Mughal commander Purdil Khan was killed in this battle.<ref>Rajput Rebellion against Aurangzeb page no.76</ref>
*'''Battle of Ajmer (1690)''' – Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] defeated Safi Khan.
* '''Battle of Jodhpur (1707)''' – Veer [[Durgadas Rathore]] took advantage of the disturbances following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to seize Jodhpur and eventually evict the occupying Mughal force out of Marwar.<ref>Cambridge history of India pg. 304</ref>
* '''Annexation of Amer (1708)''' –  [[Bahadur Shah I]] marched with a large army and annexed [[Amer, India|Amer]] without a war. Raja [[Sawai Jai Singh]] was forced to retreat with his army. Amber was named 'Mominabad' by the Mughal emperor.{{sfn|Irvine|p=47}}
* '''Battle of Merta (1708)''' – [[Bahadur Shah I]]'s general Mihrab Khan defeated [[Ajit Singh of Marwar]]. The Mughal emperor was advised to stay in Ajmer as the Mughals were wary of the guerrilla tactics of Veer Durgadas. Ajit Singh however went against the advice of Durgadas Rathore and directly confronted the large Mughal army. The Mughals bombarded the Rathor horsemen with cannons and rockets and forced them to retreat after heavy losses. Jodhpur was once again occupied by the Mughals.{{sfn|Irvine|p=48}}
* '''[[Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710]]''' – The three Rajput Raja's of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], [[Udaipur State|Udaipur]] and [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] made a joint resistance to the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of Jodhpur and [[Bayana]] and recovered [[Amer, India|Amer]] by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha in the "Battle of Sambhar (1709)". [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] also attacked Ajmer and forced its governor to pay tribute. Sayyid Hidayatullah, the governor of [[Ranthambor]] was also defeated, bringing a danger to the Mughal capital itself. [[Bahadur Shah I]], then in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas (1710).<ref>The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3 pg 322</ref>
* '''Siege of Jodhpur and Jaipur (1708)''' – [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai Singh]] and [[Ajit Singh of Marwar|Ajit Singh]] storm Amber and Jodhpur and retake their capitals from the Mughal garrisons.<ref name=RZ>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|page=162|isbn=9788125003335|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&q=bahadur+shah+was+absent}}</ref>
* '''Battle of Sambhar (1708)''' - Sayyid Hussain Barha of Mewat and [[Churaman|Churaman Jat]] defeated near Sambhar by the Rathore-Kachwaha army. Barha shot dead with his two brothers.<ref name=RZ/>
* '''Battle of Javli (1710)''' – Mir Khan of Narnaul with 7000 Mughal troops and [[Churaman|Churaman Jat]] with 6000 Jats effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka at Javli.<ref name=RZ/>
* '''Battle of Tonk (24 March 1710)''' – Muhammad Khan of [[Tonk State|Tonk]] defeated by the Rathore-Kachwaha army.<ref name=RZ/>
* '''Battle of Kama (1708) (October 4–7, 1708)'''  – [[Ajit Singh Kachwaha]], the zamindar of Kama defeated the combined armies of Mughals and Jats. The Mughal-Jat army numbered 18,000 while the Kachwahas had 10,000 horsemen. After a bitter fight the Mughal faujdar Raza Bahadur was killed and the injured Jat leader Churaman was forced to retreat to Thun.<ref>AKhbarat, Kartik Sudi 5, Samvat, 1765 (7 October 1708) quoted by U.N. Sharma, Itihas, I, 215, 212-215</ref><ref>Kamwar, II, 315</ref><ref name=Dwivedi61>{{harvnb|Dwivedi|2003|p=61}}</ref>
*'''[[Battle of Bandanwara]] (1711)''' – [[Sangram Singh II|Maharana Sangram Singh - II]] defeated Mughal force under Mir Bakshi and Zulfikar Khan.<ref>[[#Somani|History of Mewar]], p324</ref>
* '''Jai Singh II's campaign against the Jats (1718-1722)'''  – The Jats under Churaman had been actively looting and plundering in the Agra district due to which the Mughals had to close the roads to Delhi and Agra for the safety of the traders. In 1718 [[Sawai Jai Singh II]] was appointed by the Mughal emperor to destroy the Jat stronghold of Thun. Jai Singh surrounded the fort and was about to breach it when the Sayyid brothers, who were rivals of the Jaipur raja, made a separate peace with the Jats on behalf of the emperor. Jai Singh was forced to withdraw in disgust. Two years later Churaman died and his son Mokham Singh succeeded him. Mokhams first step as a ruler was to imprison his cousin Badan Singh. Badan asked for help from Sawai Jai Singh II. Jai Singh readily set upon Thun and captured it after a six-month siege. Mokham was forced to flee and Badan Singh was made the Raja of Deeg on the condition that he pays tribute.<ref>https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_081.gif {{Bare URL image|date=May 2022}}</ref>


* [[Battle of Merta]] (1790) - Marathas under [[Mahadaji Shinde]] defeated the army of [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Maharaja Vijay Singh]].
==Post-Mughal Battles==
* [[Battle of Fatehpur (1799)]] - The Battle of Fatehpur was fought in March 1799 between the Maratha Kingdom of Gwalior supported by General George Thomas and the [[Rajput]] Kingdom of [[Jaipur]] under Sawai Pratap Singh and Rora Ram Ji Khawas which resulted in a decisive Jaipur victory.<ref>History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 355</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Gangwana]] (1741)''' – 1,000 Rathore cavaliers of [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] fought a combined army of a 100,000 men consisting of [[Mughals]], [[Kachwahas]], [[Chauhan]]s, [[Jadaun rajput|Jadaun]]s, [[Sisodia]]s and [[Jats]]. In this battle Bhakt Singh was defeated but his cavalry charge killed and injured thousands of his foes. Sir [[Jadunath Sarkar]] quotes that - ''"the battle front was like tigers upon a flock of sheep"''. According to Harcharandas more than 12,000 men were slain in the battlefield.<ref>A History of Jaipur pg-200 by Jadunath Sarkar</ref><ref>Fall of the Mughal Empire pg-139-140 by Jadunath Sarkar</ref><ref>Harcharandas in Chahar Gulzar 377b-379b</ref>
* [[Battle of Malpura]] (1800) - Marathas under [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]] defeated Maharaja [[Sawai Pratap Singh]].<ref>A history of Jaipur pg 310 by Jadunath Sarkar</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Rajamahal|Battle of Rajmahal]] (1747)''' – [[Ishvari Singh]] of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]] defeated a coalition of armies led by [[Jagat Singh II|Jagat Singh]] of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]].<ref>Rajasthan Through the Ages pg 182</ref>
* Siege of [[Mehrangarh]] (1806) - [[Man Singh of Marwar]] defeated the armies of [[Jaipur]], [[Mewar]] and [[Bikaner]] so comprehensively that Jagat Singh of [[Jaipur]] had to pay a sum of Rs. 2,00,000 to secure his safe passage. In honour of Man Singhs victory over Jaipur the Jai Pol, or victory gate was built in the fort in 1808.
* '''[[Battle of Bagru]] (1748)''' – [[Madho Singh I]] defeated [[Ishvari Singh]].<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.188</ref>
* Battle of Auwa (8 September 1857) - Kushal singh Rathore, a noble of [[Jodhpur]] joined the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] against the British Empire, around 5,000 Rajputs of Pali joined him. The British asked raja Takht Singh to deal with him, however most of the Rathore nobles refused to fight with a fellow clansmen for foreigners. Kushal Singh thus defeated a force of local levies raised by Raja [[Takht Singh]] of [[Jodhpur]].<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/feb/central-indian.htm The Central India Campaign]. "Khushial Singh the Thakur of Awah who was in rebellion against the British. On 8 September the Legion defeated a force of Jodhpur's loyal Raja's local levies."</ref>
* '''Battle of Raona (1750)''' – The [[Mughal Empire]] invaded [[Marwar]] but were repelled by the armies of [[Ram Singh of Marwar|Ram Singh]] and  [[Ishvari Singh]].<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.189</ref>
* Siege of [[Auwa]] (1857-1858) - Kushal Singh killed captain Mason and hung his head on his fort gate for insulting him, he then defeated a British army of 2,000 men under brigadier Lawrence. Another army of 30,000 men under colonel Holmes forced Kushal Singh to retreat to his fort in Auwa. Holmes besieged the Auwa fort and breached it after 6 months of siege. Kushal Singh was able to escape to Udaipur. Auwa was then confiscated by the British until the death of Kushal Singh in 1864.<ref>Political Awakening and Indian Freedom Movement with Special Reference to Rajasthan pg 28-35</ref>
* '''Battle of Luniawas (1750)''' – [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] challenged his nephew Ram Singh for the throne of Marwar. Ram Singh hired a large contingent of Afghan and Baloch Musketeers from Sindh to defeat his uncle, he further formed a powerful army in Jodhpur and appointed Sher Singh Rathor, a veteran general of Marwar to defeat the usurper. At first Ram Singhs general Sher Singh Rathore pushed [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] 4 miles back and almost forced him to retreat, 2000 Rathores of Bhakt Singh fell in the battle with 9 Rathor nobles and [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] was severely injured by spear and bullet wounds, but [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]] made a fierce counterattack which killed Sher Singh and most of Ram Singhs commanders making the battle a costly victory for [[Bakht Singh (Maharaja)|Bhakt Singh]].<ref>Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.196</ref><ref>Fall Of The Mughal Empire- Vol. I (4Th Edn.), Volume 1, By Jadunath Sarkar pg.159</ref>
*'''Battle of Ajmer (1752)''' – On May 1752 [[Jayappaji Rao Scindia]] and [[Ram Singh I]] attacked [[Ajmer]], sacked it and massacred the populace. Upon learning of the invasion, [[Bakht Singh of Marwar|Bhakt Singh]] marched with his army and camped 8 miles away from Ajmer. He waited till July and then attacked Jayappa. Bhakt Singh blocked the surrounding paths and placed his guns on a hill, he then bombarded the Marathas, upon receiving heavy casualties, the Marathas fled along with the army of Ram Singh.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Jadunath|last=Sarkar|title=Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol 2|publisher=Orient BlackSwan; First edition|year=2007|isbn=|page=102|url=}}</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Kumher]] (1754)''' – [[Suraj Mal]] Jat ruler of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]] defeated the combined armies of Marathas and Mughals.
* '''Conquest of Alwar (1756)''' – [[Suraj Mal]] defeated [[Mughal Empire]] and conquered the Alwar fort and some of the adjacent territory.
* '''[[Siege of forts of Barwara and Tonk (1757)]]''' – [[Raghunath Rao]] and [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] laid siege on the forts of Barwara and Tonk. They were defeated by the garrison of these forts under [[Madho Singh I]].
* '''[[Battle of Kakor (1759)]]''' – The forces of [[Madho Singh I|Madho Singh of Jaipur]] defeated and repulsed the Holkar forces of [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] led by the veteran Gangadhar Tantiya in present day Kakor, Uniara, Tonk district, Rajasthan.<ref>Thirty decisive battles of Jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204</ref>
*'''Battle of Mangrol (1761)''' – Madho Singh of Jaipur fought Malhar Rao Holkar. The Jaipur army had 10,000 men while the Holkar army had 6,000 men from Indore and 3,000 men supplied by the Rao of [[Kota State|Kota]]. After a 2-day battle the Jaipur army was completely destroyed. However Malhar Rao was not able to plunder [[Dhundhar]] for long as he was recalled to [[Bundelkhand]] because of rebellions and threats of invasion by Shuja-Ud-Daula of [[Awadh]].<ref>Rajasthan Through the Ages By R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi pg.202-204</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Maonda and Mandholi]] (1767)''' – Jaipur forces defeat the forces of [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]].<ref name="ReferenceC">History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Kama]] (1768)''' – [[Madho Singh I]] invaded [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] at the head of 16,000 men where he defeated jat leader [[Jawahar Singh]] again on 29 February 1768.<ref>The Rajputana gazetteers - 1880</ref><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
* '''[[Battle of Mandan]] (1775)''' –  The Shekhawatis defeated a Mughal force under Mitrasen Ahir, Peero Khan and Kale Khan. After heavy losses Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled.<ref name=JP>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa and company|year=2006|page=694|isbn=9788129115010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ&q=rime%20hooja%20rajasthan|quote=in a pitched battle at Mandan, both sides suffered heavily. Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled the field, leaving the Shekhawat chiefs victorious.}}</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Khatu Shyamji]] (1779)''' – Chood Singh Nathawat of Doongri and Dalel Singh Khangarot of Sewa defeated the imperial army under Murtaza Khan Bhadech, Najaf Khan and Abdullah Khan.<ref name=JP/>
* '''[[Battle of Tunga]] or [[Battle of Lalsot]] (1787)''' – Combined forces of Jaipur and Jodhpur defeated Maratha forces led by [[Mahadji Shinde]].<ref>Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 16, page 134 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library.</ref><ref>Tikkiwal, Harish Chandra (1974). Jaipur and the Later Mughals (1707-1803 A.D.): A Study in Political Relations</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Patan]] (1790)''' – The Battle of Patan was fought on 20 June 1790 between the Scindias of Gwalior and the Kachwahas of Jaipur, and resulted decisive victory of Maratha forces.
* '''[[Battle of Merta]] (1790)''' – Maratha army of [[Mahadaji Shinde]] under De Boigne defeated the army of [[Vijay Singh of Marwar|Vijay Singh]].
* '''[[Battle of Fatehpur (1799)]]''' – The Battle was fought in March 1799 between the Maratha Kingdom of Gwalior supported by General George Thomas and the [[Jaipur State|Kingdom of Jaipur]] under [[Pratap Singh of Jaipur]] and [[Rora Ram Ji]] Khawas which resulted in a decisive Jaipur victory.<ref>History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 355</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Malpura]] (1800)''' –  Combined Force of Rathores and Kachhawahas defeated Marathas under [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]]<ref>Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. p. 261. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.</ref><ref>Sinh, Raghubir. A History Of Jaipur. pp. 310–313</ref>
* '''[[Battle of Deeg]] (1804)''' – [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur]] and [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] defeated [[East India Company]]
* '''[[Siege of Deeg]] (1804)''' – Jats under [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]] and Marathas under [[Yashwantrao Holkar]] defeated [[East India Company]]
* '''[[Siege of Bharatpur (1805)]]''' – Jats and Marathas defeated East India Company
* '''Siege of Mehrangarh (1806)''' – [[Man Singh of Marwar]] defeated the armies of Jaipur, Mewar and Bikaner. So comprehensively that [[Jagat Singh II|Jagat Singh]] of Jaipur had to pay a sum of Rs. 2,00,000 to secure his safe passage. In honour of Man Singhs victory over Jaipur the Jai Pol, or victory gate was built in the fort in 1808.
* '''Battle of Bhomgarh (1810)''' – [[Jagat Singh of Amber|Jagat Singh]] defeated [[Muhammad Amir Khan|Amir Khan]] nawab of Tonk.<ref>thirty decisive battles
of jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur
Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister,  Jaipur State - Pg 204</ref>
* '''[[Siege of Bharatpur]] (1825–26)''' – East India Company defeated [[Bharatpur State]]
* '''Battle of Bithoda (8 September 1857)''' – [[Kushal Singh of Auwa|Kushal Singh Champawat]], a noble of Jodhpur joined the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] against the British Empire, around 5,000 Rajputs of Pali joined him. The British asked Takht Singh to deal with him, however most of the Rathore nobles refused to fight with a fellow clansmen for foreigners. Kushal Singh thus defeated a force of local levies raised by [[Takht Singh]] of [[Jodhpur]].<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/feb/central-indian.htm The Central India Campaign]. "Khushal Singh, the Thakur of Awah, who was in rebellion against the British. On 8 September the Legion defeated a force of Jodhpur's loyal Raja's local levies."</ref>
* '''Battle of Chelawas (1857-1858)''' – [[Kushal Singh of Auwa|Kushal Singh]] killed [[Captain Mason]] and Hung his head on his fort gate for insulting him, he then defeated a British army of 2,000 men under Brigadier Lawrence.  
* '''Siege of Auwa (1857-1858)''' – An army of 30,000 men under [[Colonel Holmes]] forced Kushal Singh to retreat to his fort in Auwa. Holmes besieged the [[Auwa Fort]] and breached it after 6 months of siege. Kushal Singh was able to escape to Udaipur. Auwa was then confiscated by the British until the death of Kushal Singh in 1864.<ref>Political Awakening and Indian Freedom Movement with Special Reference to Rajasthan pg 28-35</ref>


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[List of Indian battles]]
* [[List of wars involving India]]
* [[Afghan–Sikh Wars]]
* [[Mughal–Maratha Wars]]
* [[Mughal-Rajput Wars]]
* [[Ahom–Mughal conflicts]]
* [[Chola–Chalukya wars]]
* [[Hindu mythological wars|Ancient Hindu wars]]
* [[List of Anglo-Indian Wars]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[List of battles involving the Sikh Empire]]
* [[List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs]]
* [[Military history of the North-West Frontier]]
* [[Rajput resistance to Muslim conquests]]
* [[List of early Hindu–Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]

Latest revision as of 21:38, 28 June 2022


Battle of Haldighati, fought between Mughals and Maharana Pratap.

Several significant battles are recorded to have taken place in what is now known as Rajasthan.

Against the Arabs[edit | edit source]

Against the Ghurids[edit | edit source]

Against the Sultanates of Delhi, Gujarat and Malwa[edit | edit source]

Against Sur Empire[edit | edit source]

Against the Mughal Empire & their vassal kingdoms[edit | edit source]

  • Battle of Bayana (1527) – Babur marched with his army to capture Bayana but the Mughals were defeated by Rana Sanga, and Babur run from the battlefield to save himself.[42]
  • Battle of Khanwa (1527) – Rana Sanga led the Rajput armies against Babur of Ferghana.
  • Siege of Bikaner (1534) – Rao Jaitsi Rathore defeated Mughal force under Kamran brother of emperor Humayun.[43]
  • Battle of Harmada (1557) – Rao Maldeo Rathore defeated Udai Singh II and captured Merta.[44][45]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1559) – Akbar's general Qasim Khan annexed Ajmer from Maldeo Rathore.[46]
  • Battle of Merta (1562) – Akbar with the help of ruler of Bikaner and Amer defeated Rao Chandra Sen Rathore and captured Merta.
  • Battle of Lohawat (1562) – Rao Chandra Sen defeated Udai Singh.
  • Battle of Nadol (1563) – Rao Chandra Sen defeated Ramchandra Rathore. Ramchandra fled to Nagaur.
  • First Mughal Invasion of Marwar (1562-1583) – Akbar invaded Marwar and occupied Jodhpur. The ruler Rao Chandra Sen continued his struggle until his death in 1581 after which Marwar submitted to Mughal rule in 1583.[47]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1567) – Akbar advanced by Dholpur route taking the forts of Sivapura and Kota, he dispatched a Mughal army under Asaf khan to take surrounding forts. Mandalgarh was the first to be attacked but Asaf khan was repulsed by the faithful commander Ballu Sinhji, a Solanki Rajput. Later Asaf khan and Wazir khan conquered Mandalgarh by defeating the Solanki contingent of the fort.[48]
  • Siege of Chittorgarh (1567) – Akbar defeated Rao Jaimal and Patta Sisodiya (Udai Singh II escaped with his family to Aravali hills)
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1568) – A successful siege by Akbar causes the Rajput leader Rao Surjan Hada to surrender Ranthambore Fort.
  • Siege of Siwana (1572) – Mughal force under General Udai Singh Rathore defeated Kalyanmal Sinh Mahecha and Kalyandas Rathore and annexed powerful fort of Siwana which served as Rao Chandra Sen's capital was captured by the Mughals after a siege of 8 months.[49]
  • Battle of Haldighati (1576) – Battle between Man Singh I and Pratap Singh I.[50][51]
  • Battle of Dewair (1582) – Maharana Pratap fought against Mughal governor of Dewair Sultan Khan and defeated him and 36 Mughal posts were dissolved.[52]
  • Battle of Dattani (1583) – Rao Surtan Deora Chauhan of Sirohi defeated Mughal force.
  • Battle of Dewair (1606) – Fought in a valley 40 km from Kumbalgarh. Rana Amar Singh defeated, the Mughal prince Muhammad Parviz fled from the battlefield with his commander Asaf Khan III.[53][54]
  • Rajput War (1679–1707) also known as Rathore Rebellion – Aurangzeb took Marwar under his direct control after the death of Maharaja Jaswant Singh. The Rathore army under Veer Durgadas Rathore carried out a relentless struggle against the occupying forces. In 1707 after the death of Aurangzeb, Veer Durgadas defeated the local Mughal force and reoccupied Jodhpur and their lost territories.[55]
  • Battle of Khetasar (1680) – Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Rao Indar Singh.
  • Battle of Udaipur (1680) – Aurangzeb attacked Mewar and plundered Udaipur, the citizens were safely escorted to Panarwa a hilly region by Rana Raj Singh but 63 temples in and around Udaipur were plundered and many villages were burned down by Aurangzeb's general Taj Khan. The Mughal army was eventually starved because of the scorched earth techniques and guerrilla warfare used by the Rana. Aurangzeb after a failed campaign left Mewar to his son Akbar and retreated to Ajmer.[56]
  • Battle of Aravalli hills (1680) – In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. Niccolao Manucci, an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom." Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons Akbar, Azam and Muazzam, penetrated the Aravalli hills from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and the Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb . Aurangzeb later complied to the demands of Rana Raj Sinh and Mewar was left alone.[57]
  • Battle of Khanana (1681-1687) – Rathore rebels under Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Mughal force. This battle resulted in major victory for Rathores. Kumpawats captured Siwana town from Mughals. Mughal commander Purdil Khan was killed in this battle.[58]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1690) – Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Safi Khan.
  • Battle of Jodhpur (1707) – Veer Durgadas Rathore took advantage of the disturbances following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to seize Jodhpur and eventually evict the occupying Mughal force out of Marwar.[59]
  • Annexation of Amer (1708) – Bahadur Shah I marched with a large army and annexed Amer without a war. Raja Sawai Jai Singh was forced to retreat with his army. Amber was named 'Mominabad' by the Mughal emperor.[60]
  • Battle of Merta (1708) – Bahadur Shah I's general Mihrab Khan defeated Ajit Singh of Marwar. The Mughal emperor was advised to stay in Ajmer as the Mughals were wary of the guerrilla tactics of Veer Durgadas. Ajit Singh however went against the advice of Durgadas Rathore and directly confronted the large Mughal army. The Mughals bombarded the Rathor horsemen with cannons and rockets and forced them to retreat after heavy losses. Jodhpur was once again occupied by the Mughals.[61]
  • Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 – The three Rajput Raja's of Amber, Udaipur and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha in the "Battle of Sambhar (1709)". Ajit Singh also attacked Ajmer and forced its governor to pay tribute. Sayyid Hidayatullah, the governor of Ranthambor was also defeated, bringing a danger to the Mughal capital itself. Bahadur Shah I, then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas (1710).[62]
  • Siege of Jodhpur and Jaipur (1708) – Jai Singh and Ajit Singh storm Amber and Jodhpur and retake their capitals from the Mughal garrisons.[63]
  • Battle of Sambhar (1708) - Sayyid Hussain Barha of Mewat and Churaman Jat defeated near Sambhar by the Rathore-Kachwaha army. Barha shot dead with his two brothers.[63]
  • Battle of Javli (1710) – Mir Khan of Narnaul with 7000 Mughal troops and Churaman Jat with 6000 Jats effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka at Javli.[63]
  • Battle of Tonk (24 March 1710) – Muhammad Khan of Tonk defeated by the Rathore-Kachwaha army.[63]
  • Battle of Kama (1708) (October 4–7, 1708) – Ajit Singh Kachwaha, the zamindar of Kama defeated the combined armies of Mughals and Jats. The Mughal-Jat army numbered 18,000 while the Kachwahas had 10,000 horsemen. After a bitter fight the Mughal faujdar Raza Bahadur was killed and the injured Jat leader Churaman was forced to retreat to Thun.[64][65][66]
  • Battle of Bandanwara (1711) – Maharana Sangram Singh - II defeated Mughal force under Mir Bakshi and Zulfikar Khan.[67]
  • Jai Singh II's campaign against the Jats (1718-1722) – The Jats under Churaman had been actively looting and plundering in the Agra district due to which the Mughals had to close the roads to Delhi and Agra for the safety of the traders. In 1718 Sawai Jai Singh II was appointed by the Mughal emperor to destroy the Jat stronghold of Thun. Jai Singh surrounded the fort and was about to breach it when the Sayyid brothers, who were rivals of the Jaipur raja, made a separate peace with the Jats on behalf of the emperor. Jai Singh was forced to withdraw in disgust. Two years later Churaman died and his son Mokham Singh succeeded him. Mokhams first step as a ruler was to imprison his cousin Badan Singh. Badan asked for help from Sawai Jai Singh II. Jai Singh readily set upon Thun and captured it after a six-month siege. Mokham was forced to flee and Badan Singh was made the Raja of Deeg on the condition that he pays tribute.[68]

Post-Mughal Battles[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299
  2. ↑ Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956, pp. 131-132.
  3. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 138.
  4. ↑ R. B. Singh 1964, p. 259.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sen 1999, p. 336.
  6. ↑ Beny & Matheson, p. 149.
  7. ↑ Maheshwari, Hiralal (1980). History of Rajasthani Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 17.
  8. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  9. ↑ R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante (2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
  10. ↑ "Rajput Victories in Indian History".
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 27
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Marwar ka itihas Page no. 54
  13. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 33
  14. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and co. pp. 379–380. ISBN 9788129115010.
  15. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 34
  16. ↑ Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 28
  17. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 36.
  18. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 5.
  19. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.
  20. ↑ Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47
  21. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.
  22. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 30.
  23. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 18.
  24. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117
  25. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.
  26. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.
  28. ↑ Glories of Marwar and the glorious Rathore, pg 32.
  29. ↑ Glories of marwar and the glorious Rathore,pg 32.
  30. ↑ Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race, pg -6, by Sarda Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955
  31. ↑ Indian States a biographical, sustainable and administrative survey by jw solomon
  32. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan, Section:The State of Mewar, AD 1500- AD 1600. Rupa & Company. p. 451. ISBN 9788129108906. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  33. ↑ Maharana Sanga by Har Bilas Sarda[page needed]
  34. ↑ J. Chaube (1975). History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 147. ISBN 9780883865736.
  35. ↑ The Hindupat, the Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. 1918. Reprint. London pg 84-86
  36. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 35
  37. ↑ Rajasthan pg.70 by Dharmpal
  38. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2018). Rajasthan, A Concise History. Rupa & Company. pp. 353–355. ISBN 9788129150431.
  39. ↑ Glories of Marwar and glorious Rathore pg. 38
  40. ↑ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81-2
  41. ↑ Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, p.43
  42. ↑ Satish Chandra 2006 p=33
  43. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and company. p. 541. ISBN 9788129108906
  44. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 72
  45. ↑ Jodhpur Khyat pg 76
  46. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 46
  47. ↑ Studies in Mughal History pg 91 by Ashwini Agrawal
  48. ↑ The rajputs:A fighting race by jessarji sisodiya
  49. ↑ Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II pg-120, by Satish Chandra
  50. ↑ de la Garza 2016, p. 56.
  51. ↑ Raghavan 2018, p. 67.
  52. ↑ Gopinath Sharma (1954). Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.). S.L. Agarwala. p. 73.
  53. ↑ Rajsamand (2001), District Gazetteers, Rajasthan, p. 35, The battle of Dewar was fought in a valley of Arvali about 40 km north -east of Kumbhalgarh. ... Prince Amar Singh fought valiantly and pierced through Sultan Khan and the horse he was riding.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  54. ↑ A military history of medieval India, 2003, p. 530, Prince Pravez and Asaf Khan led an army of 20,000 horse which fought a battle against Rana Amar Singh at Dewar
  55. ↑ The Cambridge History of India pg 248-304
  56. ↑ Maharana Raj Singh and His Times By Ram Sharma
  57. ↑ Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci
  58. ↑ Rajput Rebellion against Aurangzeb page no.76
  59. ↑ Cambridge history of India pg. 304
  60. ↑ Irvine, p. 47.
  61. ↑ Irvine, p. 48.
  62. ↑ The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3 pg 322
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Blackswan. p. 162. ISBN 9788125003335.
  64. ↑ AKhbarat, Kartik Sudi 5, Samvat, 1765 (7 October 1708) quoted by U.N. Sharma, Itihas, I, 215, 212-215
  65. ↑ Kamwar, II, 315
  66. ↑ Dwivedi 2003, p. 61
  67. ↑ History of Mewar, p324
  68. ↑ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_081.gif Template:Bare URL image
  69. ↑ A History of Jaipur pg-200 by Jadunath Sarkar
  70. ↑ Fall of the Mughal Empire pg-139-140 by Jadunath Sarkar
  71. ↑ Harcharandas in Chahar Gulzar 377b-379b
  72. ↑ Rajasthan Through the Ages pg 182
  73. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.188
  74. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.189
  75. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.196
  76. ↑ Fall Of The Mughal Empire- Vol. I (4Th Edn.), Volume 1, By Jadunath Sarkar pg.159
  77. ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (2007). Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol 2. Orient BlackSwan; First edition. p. 102.
  78. ↑ Thirty decisive battles of Jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204
  79. ↑ Rajasthan Through the Ages By R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi pg.202-204
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256
  81. ↑ The Rajputana gazetteers - 1880
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and company. p. 694. ISBN 9788129115010. in a pitched battle at Mandan, both sides suffered heavily. Peero Khan died and Mitra Sen fled the field, leaving the Shekhawat chiefs victorious.
  83. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 16, page 134 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library.
  84. ↑ Tikkiwal, Harish Chandra (1974). Jaipur and the Later Mughals (1707-1803 A.D.): A Study in Political Relations
  85. ↑ History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 355
  86. ↑ Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. p. 261. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.
  87. ↑ Sinh, Raghubir. A History Of Jaipur. pp. 310–313
  88. ↑ thirty decisive battles of jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204
  89. ↑ The Central India Campaign. "Khushal Singh, the Thakur of Awah, who was in rebellion against the British. On 8 September the Legion defeated a force of Jodhpur's loyal Raja's local levies."
  90. ↑ Political Awakening and Indian Freedom Movement with Special Reference to Rajasthan pg 28-35
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