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{{Infobox bilateral relations|Indo-Tajik|India|Tajikistan}} | |||
{{Infobox | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} | ||
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon.jpg|thumb|Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Tajikistan president [[Emomali Rahmon]].]] | [[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon.jpg|thumb|Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Tajikistan president [[Emomali Rahmon]].]] | ||
The '''bilateral relations between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Republic of Tajikistan]]''' have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base Farkhor in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=India's foray into Central Asia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=19 August 2006 |date=12 August 2006 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web |title=India to base planes in Tajikistan |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/main1.htm |date=15 November 2003 |publisher=The Tribune, India |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{cite web|title=IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04 |url=http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |author=Mahendra Ved |publisher=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, [[Times of India]] |date=1 October 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152412/http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI3">{{cite news |title=India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1025115/report-india-to-station-mig-29s-at-tajikistan-base |date=20 April 2006 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref> | The '''bilateral relations between the [[Republic of India]] and the [[Republic of Tajikistan]]''' have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base [[Farkhor Air Base|Farkhor]] in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.<ref name="AT">{{cite web |title=India's foray into Central Asia |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819190609/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/HH12Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=19 August 2006 |date=12 August 2006 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TI">{{cite web |title=India to base planes in Tajikistan |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031115/main1.htm |date=15 November 2003 |publisher=The Tribune, India |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{cite web|title=IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04 |url=http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |author=Mahendra Ved |publisher=Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, [[Times of India]] |date=1 October 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227152412/http://www.ipcs.org/Oct_04_militaryAirforc.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI3">{{cite news |title=India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1025115/report-india-to-station-mig-29s-at-tajikistan-base |date=20 April 2006 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref> | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering [[Afghanistan]], the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the [[Wakhan Corridor]] from northern | Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering [[Afghanistan]], the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the [[Wakhan Corridor]] from northern Pakistan. Both Russia and China have sought to cultivate ties with Tajikistan, which has also been seen as important in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in Afghanistan]] against the [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2">{{cite web |title=Scramble for Central Asian bases |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030409131321/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/ED09Ag01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=9 April 2003 |date=9 April 2003 |work=[[Asia Times]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and [[national security|security]] policies.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/> In 2011, Tajikistan was caught up in [[China's debt trap]], the Tajik Govt ceded 1,000 km<sup>2</sup> of territory to the [[Communist Party of China]] for a partial rebate,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-report-confirms-significant-chinese-security-presence-in-pamirs|title = Tajikistan: Report confirms significant Chinese security presence in Pamirs | Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12180567|title = Tajikistan cedes land to China|work = BBC News|date = 13 January 2011}}</ref> since then Tajikistan has been tying up with India to counter Chinese [[expansionism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/bhutan-not-the-sole-sufferer-beijing-is-bullying-other-nations-too/amp_articleshow/59480024.cms|title = China: Bhutan not the sole sufferer, Beijing is bullying other nations too}}</ref> that has also been described as "bullying" of small countries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/stop-the-bully-in-the-south-china-sea-11567033378|title = Opinion | Stop the Bully in the South China Sea|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 28 August 2019}}</ref> Military presence in Tajikistan and its neighbouring [[Central Asian Republic]]s has been coveted by the United States, Russia and China apart from India.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="AT2"/> | ||
==Bilateral cooperation== | ==Bilateral cooperation== | ||
Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$12.09 million in 2005;<ref name="OPX">{{cite news |title=India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1842196.cms |date=2 August 2006 |work=[[The Economic Times]], [[Times of India]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.<ref name="OPX"/> To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in [[hydroelectricity]], transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.<ref name="OPX"/> India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 [[hydroelectric power plant]].<ref name="AT"/> In 2006, the [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rakhmanov]] made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on [[anti-terrorism]] issues.<ref name="AT"/> | Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$42.33 million in 2016-17 increased from US$12.09 million in 2005;<ref name="OPX">{{cite news |title=India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1842196.cms |date=2 August 2006 |work=[[The Economic Times]], [[Times of India]] |access-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.<ref name="OPX"/> To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in [[hydroelectricity]], transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.<ref name="OPX"/> India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 [[hydroelectric power plant]].<ref name="AT"/> In 2006, the [[List of Presidents of Tajikistan|President of Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rakhmanov]] made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on [[anti-terrorism]] issues.<ref name="AT"/> | ||
===Bilateral Trade=== | ===Bilateral Trade=== | ||
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|21.82 | |21.82 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="13" | | | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;" | <small>Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on August,2017</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
The major items of India's exports are [[ | The major items of India's exports are [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceuticals]], [[History of tea in India|tea]], [[Coffee production in India|coffee]], chemicals, [[Textile industry in India|textiles/clothing/apparel]] and machinery and the major imports are aluminium, cotton, [[dry fruit]]s, vegetables and [[organic chemicals]].<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 /> The Trade between the countries is not very significant due to the [[landlocked|inaccessibility]] of the country. Currently all trade between India and Tajikistan is done by sea from India to the port of [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran and then by road through [[Turkmenistan]] and [[Uzbekistan]] that every thing become expensive for India huge revenue lost in transportation .<ref name=MEA_Tajik_2014 /> | ||
==ITEC Assistance== | ==ITEC Assistance== | ||
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==Strategic and military ties== | ==Strategic and military ties== | ||
India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the [[Farkhor Air Base]], located 60 km from the [[Afghan]] border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;<ref name="AT"/> the leader of the ANA [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined [[Tajikistan]]'s offer to use the base, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] began talks over using the base, and the then-[[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] signed an agreement with the Tajik president [[Emomali Rahmon]] to that effect on 14 November 2003.<ref name="TI"/> India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] there.<ref name="TI"/> The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former [[Soviet]] republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on [[ | India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban [[Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the [[Farkhor Air Base]], located 60 km from the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;<ref name="AT"/> the leader of the ANA [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined [[Tajikistan]]'s offer to use the base, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] began talks over using the base, and the then-[[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] signed an agreement with the Tajik president [[Emomali Rahmon]] to that effect on 14 November 2003.<ref name="TI"/> India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the [[Indian Air Force]] there.<ref name="TI"/> The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former [[Soviet]] republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on [[List of military equipment of the Soviet Army|Soviet/Russian weaponry]].<ref name="TI"/> India also sees the base providing access to the oil and energy resources of Central Asia.<ref name="TOI3"/> India also promised to aid in Tajikistan's defence and is providing training to the [[Military of Tajikistan|Tajikistan Air Force]].<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TI"/> Indian presence at [[Farkhor]] has been objected to by [[Pakistan]], which sees it as a threat.<ref name="TI"/> The [[Farkhor Air Base]] became fully operational in 2006, and 12 [[MiG-29]] [[fighter aircraft|fighters]] and [[trainer aircraft]] are planned to be stationed there.<ref name="AT"/><ref name="TOI3"/> India is the fourth nation after the US, Russia and Germany to have a [[military base]] in Central Asia.<ref name="AT"/> India has established a [[military hospital]] in southern Tajikistan. The hospital with capacity of 50 beds will treat [[military personnel]] as well as civilians.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-airlifts-military-hospital-to-Tajikistan-to-strengthen-geo-strategic-footprint-in-Central-Asia/articleshow/19606798.cms | title=India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia | work=The Times of India | date=18 April 2013 | access-date=18 April 2013 | author=Pandit, Rajat}}</ref> | ||
==Cultural ties== | ==Cultural ties== | ||
[[Bollywood| | [[Bollywood|Hindi films]] are the most popular [[foreign films]] in the nation, [[Urdu]] [[Academic department|departments]] are very large in the country's universities.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Central-Asia-is-best-place-to-host-centenary-of-Indian-cinema-next-year/articleshow/12494040.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Central Asia is best place to host centenary of Indian cinema next year | date=1 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 04:17, 12 June 2022
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 India |
 Tajikistan |
|---|---|
The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Tajikistan have developed considerably owing to both nations' co-operation on security and strategic issues. India has set up its first overseas military base Farkhor in Tajikistan. India also assisted in building Ayni hospital.[1][2][3][4]
Background[edit | edit source]
Diplomatic relations were established with Tajikistan's independence following the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering Afghanistan, the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory called the Wakhan Corridor from northern Pakistan. Both Russia and China have sought to cultivate ties with Tajikistan, which has also been seen as important in the war in Afghanistan against the Islamist Taliban and Al-Qaeda.[1][5] India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and security policies.[1][5] In 2011, Tajikistan was caught up in China's debt trap, the Tajik Govt ceded 1,000 km2 of territory to the Communist Party of China for a partial rebate,[6][7] since then Tajikistan has been tying up with India to counter Chinese expansionism[8] that has also been described as "bullying" of small countries.[9] Military presence in Tajikistan and its neighbouring Central Asian Republics has been coveted by the United States, Russia and China apart from India.[1][5]
Bilateral cooperation[edit | edit source]
Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$42.33 million in 2016-17 increased from US$12.09 million in 2005;[10] India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million.[10] To expand economic co-operation and trade, Tajikistan and India established an inter-governmental commission on trade, economic, scientific and technical co-operation and have encouraged investment and trade in hydroelectricity, transport, mining, food processing, construction and tourism.[10] India has also offered to repair and modernise the Varzob-1 hydroelectric power plant.[1] In 2006, the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rakhmanov made an official visit to India that resulted in bolstered efforts to expand trade and cooperation on anti-terrorism issues.[1]
Bilateral Trade[edit | edit source]
| Trade Value in US$ Million [11] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 | 2012–13 | 2013–14 | 2014–15 | 2015–16 | 2016–17 | |
| Total Trade | 12.13 | 15.50 | 22.21 | 34.18 | 32.56 | 41.33 | 30.14 | 48.02 | 55.13 | 58.1 | 32.24 | 42.33 |
| Exports from India to Tajikistan | 6.24 | 7.45 | 12.40 | 16.71 | 15.71 | 18.31 | 21.28 | 35.16 | 54.27 | 53.71 | 22.26 | 20.51 |
| Imports to India from Tajikistan | 5.89 | 8.05 | 9.81 | 17.47 | 16.85 | 23.02 | 8.86 | 12.86 | 0.86 | 4.39 | 9.98 | 21.82 |
| Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India as on August,2017 | ||||||||||||
The major items of India's exports are pharmaceuticals, tea, coffee, chemicals, textiles/clothing/apparel and machinery and the major imports are aluminium, cotton, dry fruits, vegetables and organic chemicals.[11] The Trade between the countries is not very significant due to the inaccessibility of the country. Currently all trade between India and Tajikistan is done by sea from India to the port of Bandar Abbas in Iran and then by road through Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that every thing become expensive for India huge revenue lost in transportation .[11]
ITEC Assistance[edit | edit source]
As a lesser developed country, and one of the poorest nations in the world, Tajikistan is one of the largest beneficiaries of the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme (ITEC) programme. Till date, 381 Tajik personnel have been trained under the ITEC scheme. Similarly, 160 students have received Government of India scholarships for higher studies. So far, 35 Tajik military cadets and 67 young officers have undergone training at National Defence Academy in Pune, Indian Military Academy in Dehradun and other training establishments. The first batch of Tajik officers graduating out of NDA and IMA returned to Tajikistan in June 2007 and were inducted into the Tajik Defence forces.
Strategic and military ties[edit | edit source]
India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support to the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance (ANA). In 2002, India built a hospital at the Farkhor Air Base, located 60 km from the Afghan border, to treat wounded ANA fighters;[1] the leader of the ANA Ahmed Shah Massoud had been rushed there after the fatal attack on his life on 10 September 2001. After the United States declined Tajikistan's offer to use the base, the Indian government began talks over using the base, and the then-Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee signed an agreement with the Tajik president Emomali Rahmon to that effect on 14 November 2003.[2] India began renovating the base and stationed aircraft of the Indian Air Force there.[2] The use of the base was speculated to include the acquisition of military and energy assets from the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, given India's primary reliance on Soviet/Russian weaponry.[2] India also sees the base providing access to the oil and energy resources of Central Asia.[4] India also promised to aid in Tajikistan's defence and is providing training to the Tajikistan Air Force.[1][2] Indian presence at Farkhor has been objected to by Pakistan, which sees it as a threat.[2] The Farkhor Air Base became fully operational in 2006, and 12 MiG-29 fighters and trainer aircraft are planned to be stationed there.[1][4] India is the fourth nation after the US, Russia and Germany to have a military base in Central Asia.[1] India has established a military hospital in southern Tajikistan. The hospital with capacity of 50 beds will treat military personnel as well as civilians.[12]
Cultural ties[edit | edit source]
Hindi films are the most popular foreign films in the nation, Urdu departments are very large in the country's universities.[13]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "India's foray into Central Asia". Asia Times. 12 August 2006. Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "India to base planes in Tajikistan". The Tribune, India. 15 November 2003. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ Mahendra Ved (1 October 2004). "IAF's base in Tajikistan will be ready by '04" (PDF). Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, Times of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "India to station MiG-29s at Tajikistan base". Daily News and Analysis. 20 April 2006. Retrieved 18 April 2008.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Scramble for Central Asian bases". Asia Times. 9 April 2003. Archived from the original on 9 April 2003. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ "Tajikistan: Report confirms significant Chinese security presence in Pamirs | Eurasianet".
- ↑ "Tajikistan cedes land to China". BBC News. 13 January 2011.
- ↑ "China: Bhutan not the sole sufferer, Beijing is bullying other nations too".
- ↑ "Opinion | Stop the Bully in the South China Sea". Wall Street Journal. 28 August 2019.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "India, Tajikistan to further bilateral trade". The Economic Times, Times of India. 2 August 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "India-Tajikistan Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs India. Government of India. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ↑ Pandit, Rajat (18 April 2013). "India airlifts military hospital to Tajikistan to strengthen geo-strategic footprint in Central Asia". The Times of India. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
- ↑ "Central Asia is best place to host centenary of Indian cinema next year". The Times of India. 1 April 2012.
