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[[File:Atacms 02.jpg|thumb|right|The [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] tactical ballistic missile firing]] | [[File:Atacms 02.jpg|thumb|right|The [[MGM-140 ATACMS]] tactical ballistic missile firing]] | ||
A '''tactical ballistic missile''' ('''TBM'''), or '''battlefield range ballistic missile''' ('''BRBM'''), is a [[ballistic missile]] designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, [[range (aeronautics)|range]] is less than {{convert|300|km|mi}}.{{according to | A '''tactical ballistic missile''' ('''TBM'''), or '''battlefield range ballistic missile''' ('''BRBM'''), is a [[ballistic missile]] designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, [[range (aeronautics)|range]] is less than {{convert|300|km|mi}}.{{according to who|date=April 2018}} Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of [[warhead]]s to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, [[Chemical warfare|chemical]], [[Biological warfare|biological]], or [[nuclear warhead]]s. Typically [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets. | ||
==Design== | ==Design== | ||
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| | | | ||
|[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]] | |[[Liquid-propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]] | ||
| | |<span style="display:none;">0120</span> 280–700 km | ||
|2017 | |2017 | ||
| | | | ||
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! [[LORA (missile)|LORA]] | ! [[LORA (missile)|LORA]] | ||
| || | | || | ||
| <span style="display:none;" > | | <span style="display:none;">0120</span> 400–800 km || 2005 || || {{Flag|Israel}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! [[Predator Hawk]] | ! [[Predator Hawk]] | ||
| || | | || | ||
| <span style="display:none;" > | |<span style="display:none;">0120</span> 300–400km | ||
| 2016 || || {{Flag|Israel}} || | |||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[BRE (rocket)|BRE8 King Dragon/Fire Dragon]][[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]] | ! [[BRE (rocket)|BRE8 King Dragon/Fire Dragon]] | ||
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]] | |||
| <span style="display:none;" >0500</span> 280–300 km || 2014? || || {{Flag|China}} || | | <span style="display:none;" >0500</span> 280–300 km || 2014? || || {{Flag|China}} || | ||
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||100–130 km||1980's|| || {{Flag|Iran}} || | ||100–130 km||1980's|| || {{Flag|Iran}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! [[%C5%A0umadija_(multiple_rocket_launcher)|Jerina-1]] | ||
| ||[[Solid propellant rocket|Solid propelled]] | | ||[[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid propelled]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.edepro.com/innovation/missiles/mlrs-400mm-jerina-1-j1- | title=EDePro, Engine Development and Production }}</ref> | ||
| |285-300 km||2017|| || | | |285-300 km||2017|| || | ||
{{Flag|Serbia}} | {{Flag|Serbia}} | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[ | ! [[%C5%A0umadija_(multiple_rocket_launcher)|Jerina-2]] | ||
| ||[[ | | ||[[Liquid propellant rocket|Liquid propelled]] | ||
| |75 km||2017|| || | | |75 km||2017|| || | ||
{{Flag|Serbia}} | {{Flag|Serbia}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:14, 4 June 2022
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (April 2020) |
A tactical ballistic missile (TBM), or battlefield range ballistic missile (BRBM), is a ballistic missile designed for short-range battlefield use. Typically, range is less than 300 kilometres (190 mi).[according to whom?] Tactical ballistic missiles are usually mobile to ensure survivability and quick deployment, as well as carrying a variety of warheads to target enemy facilities, assembly areas, artillery, and other targets behind the front lines. Warheads can include conventional high explosive, chemical, biological, or nuclear warheads. Typically tactical nuclear weapons are limited in their total yield compared to strategic rockets.
Design[edit | edit source]
| This section does not cite any sources. (April 2018) |
Tactical ballistic missiles fill the gap between conventional rocket artillery and longer-range short-range ballistic missiles. Tactical missiles can carry heavy payloads deep behind enemy lines in comparison to rockets or gun artillery, while having better mobility and less expense than the more strategic theatre missiles. Additionally, due to their mobility, tactical missiles are better suited to responding to developments on the battlefield.
For many nations, tactical missiles represent the upper limit of their land-based military equipment. They can provide a powerful weapon for a very economical price, and in some cases are sought to help level the field against opponents who are clearly superior in other areas of military technology. Currently, ballistic missile technology is relatively accessible to nations that may find other military technology beyond easy reach.
Ballistic missiles are still difficult to defeat on the battlefield. Newer air defense systems have improved ability to intercept tactical missiles, but still can not reliably protect assets against ballistic missile threats. This allows a moderate force of missiles to threaten a superior enemy by penetrating their air defenses better than with conventional aircraft, while providing a deeper strike than conventional artillery.
Propulsion[edit | edit source]
Early large rockets and missiles were propelled by liquid-propellant rocket engines, as the first types developed. These were replaced as soon as possible by solid fuel rocket motors. Liquid propellants involve cryogenic (liquid oxygen) or corrosive (nitric acid) oxidisers. These must be loaded before launch, delaying the rocket's time into action. This delay was a problem for large strategic missiles, but especially so for tactical.
Missiles, particularly in the Soviet Union, switched to using storable liquid propellants such as IRFNA, inhibited nitric acid. These were still hazardous to handle, but could be stored pre-loaded in the missile. This also allowed the development of single vehicle transporter erector launchers (TEL), rather than the previous convoy of carriers, launchers, fuel vehicles and service vehicles.
Western missiles adopted solid propellants instead,Template:Efn-lr which were inherently storable, and later Warpac missiles followed suit. Tactical missiles are now almost universally solid-fuelled, except for some satellite states using indigenous developments of the original Scud platform.
