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{{Multiple issues|{{ | {{Short description|Traditional festival of East India}} | ||
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Kerchief#Bandana|Bandana]] or [[Boita Bandana]]}} | |||
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Kerchief|Bandana]]}} | |||
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}} | |||
{{notability|Events|date=September 2014}} | {{notability|Events|date=September 2014}} | ||
}} | |||
{{Infobox holiday | {{Infobox holiday | ||
|holiday_name = Bandna | | holiday_name = Bandna | ||
|type = | | type = cultural | ||
|image = | | image = Badna parab by Bagals.jpg | ||
|caption = | | caption = Bagals with their cattle in the place shrine for ''Goth puja''. | ||
|observedby = | | observedby = Lower [[Hindu]] agriculturist | ||
| | | longtype = Cultural, seasonal | ||
| begins = October | |||
|begins = | | ends = November | ||
|ends = | | celebrations = performing religious rituals and feast | ||
|celebrations = performing religious rituals and feast | | relatedto = [[Sohrai]], [[Diwali]] | ||
| | | significance = Warship of domestic cattles | ||
| date = Amavasya of Kartik | |||
| frequency = Annually | |||
| date2020 = Amavasya of Kartik | |||
| duration = 1 week | |||
| observances = * Jagran | |||
* Goth puja | |||
* Gohal puja | |||
* Goru Khunta | |||
* Budhi Bandna | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bandna''' is a | '''Bandna''' (spelt as Bāndnā, Hindi: बांदना) is a agriculture oriented festival of the [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] [[Ethnolinguistic group|ethnolinguistic]] and other related communities, in which domestic cattle and agriculture appliences are worshiped.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Shaktipada|date=2019-01-01|title=Tracing the Cultural Tradition of Jangalmahal through Bandna Parab and Jawa-Karam Parab|url=https://www.academia.edu/48918700|journal=Mahatma Gandhi Central University Journal of Social Sciences|language=en}}</ref> The festival mostly observed in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]] and [[Assam]], and celebrated annually as per [[Hindu calendar]] in the month of [[Amavasya|Amavashya]] of [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festivals of Jharkhand {{!}} Department of Police, State Government of Jharkhand, India|url=https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/about-jharkhand/festivals|access-date=2022-02-26|website=www.jhpolice.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Bandna Festival of Midnapore|publisher=Anthropological survey of India|series=Man in India|volume=37}}</ref> | ||
Bandna is a celebration of the [[Rice|paddy]] [[seed]]s that are sown by the region's agrarian communities. This festival is celebrated by the Hindu cultivator caste like [[ | == Overview == | ||
Bandna is a celebration of the [[Rice|paddy]] [[seed]]s that are sown by the region's agrarian communities. This festival is celebrated by the Hindu cultivator caste like [[Bagal (caste)|Bagal]], [[Rajuar]], [[Kumhar]], [[Kurmi]] (Kudmi/Kudumi) and [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]]-speaking caste of East India. It is one of many Indian festivals during which cattle are worshiped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Journal/Journal2/pdf/ohrj-09.pdf |title=Bandna Parab – A Thanksgiving Ceremony of the Kurmis |first= Basanta |last=Kumar Mohanta Sudhanshu Shekhar Mahato}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-26|title=ଗୋ-ପୂଜାର ନିଆରା ପରମ୍ପରା 'ବାନ୍ଦଣା ପର୍ବ'|url=https://www.samajalive.in/badasahi-53/113662.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Samaja Live|language=en-US|type=News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514002830/https://www.samajalive.in/badasahi-53/113662.html |archive-date=2021-05-14 }}</ref> | |||
== Ritual == | == Ritual == | ||
| Line 24: | Line 37: | ||
== Myth == | == Myth == | ||
Lord [[Shiva]] (Burha Baba) created men, he provided them with food. In due course, they multiplied into a sizable population. Shiva advised them to produce their own food by cultivating the land. However, without agricultural implements and technology, farmers had many problems. They beseeched the lord for a solution. Shiva took pity on them and provided them with cattle. Initially, the relationship between the men and the cattle was cordial, but over time, it worsened and the cattle were abused. The cattle complained to Shiva. The complaint encompassed strenuous work, extended work hours, inadequate food, unhygienic shelters, beatings, lack of recreation and ingratitude towards their contribution. The lord assured them that he would inspect secretly on the night of Kartik Amavasya. | |||
Incidentally, the men came to know about the complaints, and as a result, they became alert. The people cleaned their houses and cowsheds, and on the day of Amavasya, the cattle were properly washed while their horns and forehead were smeared with oil and [[vermilion]]. The cattle were provided with fodder and the Gohal (cowshed) was illuminated with [[Diya (lamp)|Diyas]] (earthen lamps). | Incidentally, the men came to know about the complaints, and as a result, they became alert. The people cleaned their houses and cowsheds, and on the day of Amavasya, the cattle were properly washed while their horns and forehead were smeared with oil and [[vermilion]]. The cattle were provided with fodder and the Gohal (cowshed) was illuminated with [[Diya (lamp)|Diyas]] (earthen lamps). | ||
Bundles of grass were put along with Diyas on both sides of the entrance of the cowshed. Sohrai grass was placed on the roof to signify the availability of food for the cattle. On the second day, Shiva found the people worshiping Garaiya with special offerings, including a sacrifice made in their honor. On the third day, he observed that the cattle were in a merry mood, dancing with the people. The songs and the music filled the air with warmth, enthusiasm and harmony. On his way back, he found the ''Bagals''/''Dhangars'' (contractual [[ | Bundles of grass were put along with Diyas on both sides of the entrance of the cowshed. Sohrai grass was placed on the roof to signify the availability of food for the cattle. On the second day, Shiva found the people worshiping Garaiya with special offerings, including a sacrifice made in their honor. On the third day, he observed that the cattle were in a merry mood, dancing with the people. The songs and the music filled the air with warmth, enthusiasm and harmony. On his way back, he found the ''Bagals''/''Dhangars'' (contractual [[shepherd]]s) playing with the cattle at the g''ochar'' (grazing land). This made the complaint invalid. The next season, the cattle complained again about hardships, prompting Shiva to inspect them on the same day. The lord made a secret visit, finding the cattle happy and content. Since then, the tradition continued and is annually celebrated as Bandna Parab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Journal/Journal2/pdf/ohrj-09.pdf |title=BANDNA PARAB–A THANKS GIVING CEREMONY OF THE KUDMIS |first= Basanta |last=Kumar Mohanta Sudhanshu Shekhar Mahato}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 48: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | |||
* {{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Shaktipada|title=Tracing the Cultural Tradition of Jangalmahal through Bandna Parab and Jawa-Karam Parab|url=http://www.mgcub.ac.in/pdf/journals/mgcujss_1-1_april-september_2019-61-70.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=15 October 2021}} | |||
* {{Cite journal|last=Behera|first=Dr. Lipika|date=2017|title=Major Festivals of Mayurbhanj|url=https://theresearchers.asia/Papers/Vol-III,%20Issue-II-2017/Major%20Festivals%20of%20Mayurbhanj.pdf|journal=The Researchers' International Research Journal|volume=3|pages=37–38|issn=2455-1503|via=The Researchers}} | |||
* {{Cite book|last=General|first=India Office of the Registrar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tf0cAQAAMAAJ|title=Census of India, 1961|date=1967|publisher=Manager of Publications|language=en}} | |||
[[Category:Festivals in India]] | [[Category:Festivals in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:12, 23 April 2022
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|
| Bandna | |
|---|---|
 Bagals with their cattle in the place shrine for Goth puja. | |
| Observed by | Lower Hindu agriculturist |
| Type | Cultural, seasonal |
| Significance | Warship of domestic cattles |
| Celebrations | performing religious rituals and feast |
| Observances |
|
| Begins | October |
| Ends | November |
| Date | Amavasya of Kartik |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Related to | Sohrai, Diwali |
Bandna (spelt as Bāndnā, Hindi: बांदना) is a agriculture oriented festival of the Kurmali ethnolinguistic and other related communities, in which domestic cattle and agriculture appliences are worshiped.[1] The festival mostly observed in the state of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam, and celebrated annually as per Hindu calendar in the month of Amavashya of Kartik[2][3]
Overview[edit | edit source]
Bandna is a celebration of the paddy seeds that are sown by the region's agrarian communities. This festival is celebrated by the Hindu cultivator caste like Bagal, Rajuar, Kumhar, Kurmi (Kudmi/Kudumi) and Kurmali-speaking caste of East India. It is one of many Indian festivals during which cattle are worshiped.[4][5]
Ritual[edit | edit source]
Bandna is a seven-day festival: the first three days are Chumaan; the fourth day is Goth Puja; the fifth day is Goriyaa Puja; the sixth day is Borod Khuntaan; and the seventh day is Budhi Bandna. The rituals of the first three days sometimes extend up to five days prior to Goth Puja.
Myth[edit | edit source]
Lord Shiva (Burha Baba) created men, he provided them with food. In due course, they multiplied into a sizable population. Shiva advised them to produce their own food by cultivating the land. However, without agricultural implements and technology, farmers had many problems. They beseeched the lord for a solution. Shiva took pity on them and provided them with cattle. Initially, the relationship between the men and the cattle was cordial, but over time, it worsened and the cattle were abused. The cattle complained to Shiva. The complaint encompassed strenuous work, extended work hours, inadequate food, unhygienic shelters, beatings, lack of recreation and ingratitude towards their contribution. The lord assured them that he would inspect secretly on the night of Kartik Amavasya.
Incidentally, the men came to know about the complaints, and as a result, they became alert. The people cleaned their houses and cowsheds, and on the day of Amavasya, the cattle were properly washed while their horns and forehead were smeared with oil and vermilion. The cattle were provided with fodder and the Gohal (cowshed) was illuminated with Diyas (earthen lamps).
Bundles of grass were put along with Diyas on both sides of the entrance of the cowshed. Sohrai grass was placed on the roof to signify the availability of food for the cattle. On the second day, Shiva found the people worshiping Garaiya with special offerings, including a sacrifice made in their honor. On the third day, he observed that the cattle were in a merry mood, dancing with the people. The songs and the music filled the air with warmth, enthusiasm and harmony. On his way back, he found the Bagals/Dhangars (contractual shepherds) playing with the cattle at the gochar (grazing land). This made the complaint invalid. The next season, the cattle complained again about hardships, prompting Shiva to inspect them on the same day. The lord made a secret visit, finding the cattle happy and content. Since then, the tradition continued and is annually celebrated as Bandna Parab.[6]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kumar, Shaktipada (2019-01-01). "Tracing the Cultural Tradition of Jangalmahal through Bandna Parab and Jawa-Karam Parab". Mahatma Gandhi Central University Journal of Social Sciences.
- ↑ "Festivals of Jharkhand | Department of Police, State Government of Jharkhand, India". www.jhpolice.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
- ↑ The Bandna Festival of Midnapore. Man in India. Vol. 37. Anthropological survey of India.
- ↑ Kumar Mohanta Sudhanshu Shekhar Mahato, Basanta. "Bandna Parab – A Thanksgiving Ceremony of the Kurmis" (PDF).
- ↑ "ଗୋ-ପୂଜାର ନିଆରା ପରମ୍ପରା 'ବାନ୍ଦଣା ପର୍ବ'". Samaja Live (News). 2019-10-26. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ↑ Kumar Mohanta Sudhanshu Shekhar Mahato, Basanta. "BANDNA PARAB–A THANKS GIVING CEREMONY OF THE KUDMIS" (PDF).
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Kumar, Shaktipada. "Tracing the Cultural Tradition of Jangalmahal through Bandna Parab and Jawa-Karam Parab" (PDF). Retrieved 15 October 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Behera, Dr. Lipika (2017). "Major Festivals of Mayurbhanj" (PDF). The Researchers' International Research Journal. 3: 37–38. ISSN 2455-1503 – via The Researchers.
- General, India Office of the Registrar (1967). Census of India, 1961. Manager of Publications.