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The Mala synagogue is owned and managed by the [[Gram panchayat|Mala Panchayat]] now. | The Mala synagogue is owned and managed by the [[Gram panchayat|Mala Panchayat]] now. | ||
During 1954-1955,<ref name="mala_website"/> due to the [[Aliyah]] of the Malabar Jewish community from Kerala to Israel, the community had handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish Cemetery to the Mala Panchayat for safekeeping. | During 1954-1955,<ref name="mala_website"/> due to the [[Aliyah]] of the Malabar Jewish community from Kerala to Israel, the community had handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish Cemetery to the Mala Panchayat for safekeeping. | ||
The Synagogue is currently defunct and does not have any religious material inside it {{citation | The Synagogue is currently defunct and does not have any religious material inside it {{citation needed|date=December 2017}}. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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There are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue. | There are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue. | ||
According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to [[Joseph Rabban]] in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile [[Kodungallur|Kodungallur Kingdom]].{{ | According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to [[Joseph Rabban]] in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile [[Kodungallur|Kodungallur Kingdom]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} | ||
The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the [[Great Periyar Flood of 1341]] but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.{{ | The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the [[Great Periyar Flood of 1341]] but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} | ||
This reconstructed 14th century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the [[Mysorean invasion of Kerala]] by Tipu Sultan during the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] of early 1780s. | This reconstructed 14th century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the [[Mysorean invasion of Kerala]] by Tipu Sultan during the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] of early 1780s. | ||
However, Rev. [[Thomas Dawson (missionary)|Thomas Dawson]], a [[CMS missionary]] stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's [[Treaty of Seringapatam|surrender of Malabar]] to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins. <ref name="waronker_cochinsyn">{{Cite web|url=http://cochinsyn.com/page-mala.html|title=The Synagogues of Kerala|website=cochinsyn.com|last=Waronker | However, Rev. [[Thomas Dawson (missionary)|Thomas Dawson]], a [[CMS missionary]] stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's [[Treaty of Seringapatam|surrender of Malabar]] to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins.<ref name="waronker_cochinsyn">{{Cite web|url=http://cochinsyn.com/page-mala.html|title=The Synagogues of Kerala|website=cochinsyn.com|last=Waronker | ||
|first=Jay A.|access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> | |first=Jay A.|access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> | ||
In 1909, the old 19th century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation. <ref name="waronker_cochinsyn" /> | In 1909, the old 19th century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation.<ref name="waronker_cochinsyn" /> | ||
There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the Synagogue was constructed in 1597 {{citation | There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the Synagogue was constructed in 1597 {{citation needed|date=December 2017}}. | ||
=== Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin jews === | === Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin jews === | ||
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== Mala Jews == | == Mala Jews == | ||
{{Empty section|date=December 2021}} | |||
== Architecture == | == Architecture == | ||
[[File: Mala Jewish Synagogue 02.jpg | thumb | left | Women's seat inside the synagogue]]All the 8 [[List of Synagogues in Kerala|synagogues in Kerala]] built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]], [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] and [[Ernakulam]] — have similar traditional [[Synagogue Architecture|architectural]] features: | [[File: Mala Jewish Synagogue 02.jpg | thumb|left | Women's seat inside the synagogue]]All the 8 [[List of Synagogues in Kerala|synagogues in Kerala]] built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]], [[Kochi, India|Kochi]] and [[Ernakulam]] — have similar traditional [[Synagogue Architecture|architectural]] features: | ||
* a central [[Bema#Judaism|bimah]] of brass or [[silver]] metal on a [[concrete]] or stone base | * a central [[Bema#Judaism|bimah]] of brass or [[silver]] metal on a [[concrete]] or stone base | ||
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* a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays. | * a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays. | ||
* a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building. | * a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building. | ||
== Mala Jewish Cemetery == | == Mala Jewish Cemetery == | ||
= | {{Empty section|date=December 2021}} | ||
== See | == See also == | ||
* [[Cochin Jews]] | * [[Cochin Jews]] | ||
| Line 90: | Line 91: | ||
* [[List of synagogues in Kerala]] | * [[List of synagogues in Kerala]] | ||
* [[Cochin Jewish Architecture]] | * [[Cochin Jewish Architecture]] | ||
* [[History of the Jews in India]] | * [[History of the Jews in India]] | ||
* [[Gathering of Israel]] | * [[Gathering of Israel]] | ||
* [[Judaism]] | * [[Judaism]] | ||
* [[Anjuvannam]] | * [[Anjuvannam]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:22, 29 December 2021
| Mala Synagogue | |
|---|---|
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Orthodox Judaism |
| Status | Kerala Jews Lifestyle Museum |
| Location | |
| Location | Mala, Kerala |
| Country | India |
| Lua error in Module:Infobox_mapframe at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Coordinates | 10°10′47″N 76°12′35″E / 10.1797°N 76.2097°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Synagogue |
| Style | Cochin Jewish Architecture |
| Completed | 1930 A.D |
Direction of façade | South |
The Mala Synagogue (Malayalam: മാള ജൂതപ്പള്ളി) is one of the oldest extant synagogues in India and was built by the historic Malabar Jews of Kerala. It is located at Mala, a small town in Thrissur district of Kerala state in south India.[1]
The Mala synagogue is owned and managed by the Mala Panchayat now. During 1954-1955,[2] due to the Aliyah of the Malabar Jewish community from Kerala to Israel, the community had handed over both the Mala Synagogue and the associated Jewish Cemetery to the Mala Panchayat for safekeeping. The Synagogue is currently defunct and does not have any religious material inside it [citation needed].
History[edit | edit source]
The Mala Synagogue is a heritage monument of the Malabar Jews and a standing example of the syncretic religious history of Kerala together with the several other Synagogues in Kerala that are still existing around Paravur and Kochi. A hypothesis even proposes that the town's name Mala may have originated from the Hebrew word "Mal-Aha", which means "Center of Refugee".[2]
Establishment of Synagogue[edit | edit source]
There are different opinions made by from historians about the origin of the Mala Synagogue.
According to Prem Doss Swami Doss Yehudi, a Dravidian Judaist and historian, an ancient Jewish Malayalam folk song mentions that the synagogue was built in the 11th century using the wood donated to Joseph Rabban in 1000 CE by the king of the erstwhile Kodungallur Kingdom.[citation needed] The first structure was dismantled during the 14th century due to unknown reasons (presumably after the Great Periyar Flood of 1341 but not necessarily due to the floods) and a new building was constructed in 1400.[citation needed]
This reconstructed 14th century synagogue was renovated almost four centuries later, in 1792, most likely to repair the damages suffered during the Mysorean invasion of Kerala by Tipu Sultan during the Second Anglo-Mysore War of early 1780s. However, Rev. Thomas Dawson, a CMS missionary stationed in Kochi during 1817, had a different opinion. During his site visits, he found that even though almost three decades had passed since Tipu Sultan's surrender of Malabar to the British in 1792, the synagogue building still remained in ruins.[3]
In 1909, the old 19th century building was rebuilt (in part or in full) on the same foundation.[3]
There is also another view on the existence of historical evidence indicating that the Synagogue was constructed in 1597 [citation needed].
Synagogue in the Piyyutim of Cochin jews[edit | edit source]
After aliyah in 1955[edit | edit source]
When the Mala Jewish community started migrating to Israel in 1955, the Synagogue was handed over to Mala Gram Panchayat in 20 December 1954. The Panchayat now owns the Synagogue and it was used as a hall. The Synagogue comes with a cemetery which was also handed over Mala Gram Panchayat on 1 April 1955.[2][4][5][6][7]
Decades of Neglect[edit | edit source]
Restoration[edit | edit source]
Mala Jews[edit | edit source]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2021) |
Architecture[edit | edit source]
All the 8 synagogues in Kerala built during the recent centuries — located at Chendamangalam, Paravoor, Mala, Kochi and Ernakulam — have similar traditional architectural features:
- a central bimah of brass or silver metal on a concrete or stone base
- an ark on the western wall
- a balcony above the eastern entry to the sanctuary that is used by the reader on certain holidays.
- a women's gallery behind the balcony, with a stairway leading up to it, usually from outside the building.
Mala Jewish Cemetery[edit | edit source]
| This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2021) |
See also[edit | edit source]
- Cochin Jews
- Mala
- Muziris
- List of synagogues in Kerala
- Cochin Jewish Architecture
- History of the Jews in India
- Gathering of Israel
- Judaism
- Anjuvannam
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Cultural Heritage of Kerala". Ananthapuri.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Jewish Monument Mala Thrissur, Kerala". Mala.com. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Waronker, Jay A. "The Synagogues of Kerala". cochinsyn.com. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- ↑ "Architecture". Friends of Kerala Synagogues 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ "ISJM Jewish Heritage Report". International Survey of Jewish Monuments. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ "Kerala Synagogues". Mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ↑ "District of Kerala :: Trichur". Coco Planet Tour Company. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
External links[edit | edit source]
Tourist attractions in Thrissur | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dams |   | |
| Beaches and Waterfalls | ||
| Forts and Palaces | ||
| Boatraces | ||
| Parks and Zoos | ||
| Exhibitions and film festivals | ||
| Buildings | ||
| Festivals | ||
| Prehistoric | ||
| Museums | ||