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| territory        =  
| territory        =  
| result            = Sikh victory.<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=48|author=Jacques, Tony|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=2015-06-26}}</ref>
| result            = Sikh victory.<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=48|author=Jacques, Tony|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=2015-06-26}}</ref>
| combatant1        = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|50px]] [[Khalsa]]
| combatant1        = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|30px]] [[Khalsa]]
| combatant2        = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|50px]]
| combatant2        = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]]
[[Mughal Empire]]<br/>
[[Mughal Empire]]<br/>
*[[Raja]]s of the [[Sivalik Hills]]
*[[Raja]]s of the [[Sivalik Hills]]
| commander1        = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]]  
| commander1        = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]]<br>[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Daya Singh]]<br>[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Dharam Singh]]<br>[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Mohkam Singh]]<br>[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Himmat Singh]]<br>[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Sahib Singh]]
[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Daya Singh]]
| commander2        = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Din Beg{{WIA}}<br/>[[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Nahid Khan{{KIA}}<br/>[[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Painde Khan {{KIA}}
[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Dharam Singh]]
| strength1        = 7,000
[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Mohkam Singh]]
| strength2        = 10,000 Mughals + an unknown number of troops under hill rajas<ref name="sur"/>
[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Himmat Singh]]
[[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Bhai Sahib Singh]]
| commander2        = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Din Beg<br/>
* Nahid Khan{{KIA}}
| strength1        = 1,000
| strength2        = 10,000
| casualties1      = Unknown
| casualties1      = Unknown
| casualties2      = General Nahid Khan was killed by [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=48|author=Jacques, Tony|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=2015-06-26}}</ref>
| casualties2      = Unknown, General Painde Khan was killed by [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=48|author=Jacques, Tony|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=2015-06-26}}</ref>
| notes            =  
| notes            =  
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}
   
   
The '''Battle of Anandpur''' was fought at [[Anandpur Sahib|Anandpur]], between the armies of the [[Sikh Guru]] [[Guru Gobind Singh|Gobind Singh]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces aided by the Nawab of Bahawalpur state, [[Raja]]s of the [[Sivalik Hills]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
The '''Battle of Anandpur''' was fought at [[Anandpur Sahib|Anandpur]], between the armies of the [[Sikh Guru]] [[Guru Gobind Singh|Gobind Singh]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces aided by the Nawab of Bahawalpur state, [[Raja]]s of the [[Sivalik Hills]].<ref name="sur">{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E| publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Sikh_Gurus_Retold_1606_1708_C/vZFBp89UInUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA815|isbn=9788126908585|date=2007|pages=815}}</ref>
 
==Cause==
==Cause==


The increasing power of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, and his establishment of a military order ([[Khalsa]]) alarmed the Rajas of the Sivalik hills. After some failed attempts to check the Guru's power, the Rajas teamed with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] General Wazir Khan to help them against the Guru.
The increasing power of Guru Gobind Singh, and his establishment of a military order ([[Khalsa]]) alarmed the Rajas of the Sivalik hills. The hill Rajas were concerned about [[Gobind Singh]]'s rising power and influence in their region and following the defeat of Alim Chand and Balia Chand that unnerved the hill Rajas.<ref name="sur"/><ref name="fen">{{cite book|last=Fenech|first=Louis|title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh| publisher=OUP USA|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Sikh_Zafar_namah_of_Guru_Gobind_Sing/aUUfAQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA161|isbn=9780199931453| pages=161}}</ref> After some failed attempts to check the Guru's power, the Rajas teamed with the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] and his [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] General [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]] to help them against the Guru.<ref name="sur"/>


The Mughal viceroy of Delhi sent his generals Din Beg and Painda Khan, each with an army of five thousand men, to subdue the Guru.<ref>{{cite book
The Mughal viceroy of Delhi sent his generals Din Beg and Painda Khan, each with an army of five thousand men, to subdue the Guru.<ref>{{cite book|last=Banerjee|first=Indubhusan|title=Evolution of the Khalsa|publisher=A. Mukerjee|location=[[Calcutta]]|oclc=5880923|pages=25}}</ref> The Mughal forces were joined by the armies of the hill chiefs at [[Rupar]]. The Guru appointed the ''[[Panj Piare]]'', his five  beloved Sikhs, as the generals of his army.<ref name="sur"/>
| last = Banerjee
| first = Indubhusan
| title = Evolution of the Khalsa
| publisher = A. Mukerjee
| location = [[Calcutta]]
| oclc = 5880923
| pages = 25
}}</ref> The Mughal forces were joined by the armies of the hill chiefs at [[Rupar]]. The Guru appointed the ''[[Panj Piare]]'', his five  beloved Sikhs, as the generals of his army.


==The battle==
==Battle==


According to the Sikh chronicles, Guru Gobind Singh refused to play the role of an aggressor, as he had vowed never to strike except in [[self-defence]].  
According to the Sikh chronicles, Guru Gobind Singh refused to play the role of an aggressor, as he had vowed never to strike except in [[self-defence]].  


In the course of along action near Anandpur, northeast of Ludhiana, Painda Khan was killed—reputedly in single combat by Guru Gobind Singh. After Painde Khan's death, Din Beg assumed the command of his troops.<ref>{{cite book
In the course of along action near Anandpur, northeast of Ludhiana, Painda Khan was killed—reputedly in single combat by Guru Gobind Singh. After Painde Khan's death, Din Beg assumed the command of his troops.<ref>{{cite book|last=Macauliffe|first=Max Arthur|author-link = Max Arthur Macauliffe| title = The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors| orig-year = 1909| year = 1996| publisher =  Low Price Publications| isbn = 978-81-86142-31-8| oclc = 1888987| pages = 125}}</ref> However, he failed to overpower the Guru's forces. The hill Rajas fled from the battlefield, and Din Beg was forced to retreat after being wounded. He was pursued by the Guru's army as far as [[Rupar]].<ref name="sur"/>
| last = Macauliffe
| first = Max Arthur
| author-link = Max Arthur Macauliffe
| title = The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors
| orig-year = 1909
| year = 1996
| publisher =  Low Price Publications
| isbn = 978-81-86142-31-8
| oclc = 1888987
| pages = 125
}}</ref> However, he failed to overpower the Guru's forces. The hill Rajas fled from the battlefield, and Din Beg was forced to retreat after being wounded. He was pursued by the Guru's army as far as [[Rupar]].


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
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{{Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:First Battle Of Anandpur}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:First Battle Of Anandpur}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Anandpur]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Anandpur, First Battle of]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Anandpur, First Battle of]]
[[Category:1701 in India]]
[[Category:1701 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1701]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1701|Anandpur]]

Revision as of 16:47, 12 June 2022


Battle of Anandpur
Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars
Date1700[1]
Location
Anandpur
Result Sikh victory.[1]
Belligerents
Khalsa

Mughal Empire

Commanders and leaders
Guru Gobind Singh
Bhai Daya Singh
Bhai Dharam Singh
Bhai Mohkam Singh
Bhai Himmat Singh
Bhai Sahib Singh		 Din BegTemplate:WIA
Nahid Khan †
Painde Khan  †
Strength
7,000 10,000 Mughals + an unknown number of troops under hill rajas[2]
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown, General Painde Khan was killed by Guru Gobind Singh.[1]

The Battle of Anandpur was fought at Anandpur, between the armies of the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal forces aided by the Nawab of Bahawalpur state, Rajas of the Sivalik Hills.[2]

Cause

The increasing power of Guru Gobind Singh, and his establishment of a military order (Khalsa) alarmed the Rajas of the Sivalik hills. The hill Rajas were concerned about Gobind Singh's rising power and influence in their region and following the defeat of Alim Chand and Balia Chand that unnerved the hill Rajas.[2][3] After some failed attempts to check the Guru's power, the Rajas teamed with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and his Mughal General Wazir Khan to help them against the Guru.[2]

The Mughal viceroy of Delhi sent his generals Din Beg and Painda Khan, each with an army of five thousand men, to subdue the Guru.[4] The Mughal forces were joined by the armies of the hill chiefs at Rupar. The Guru appointed the Panj Piare, his five beloved Sikhs, as the generals of his army.[2]

Battle

According to the Sikh chronicles, Guru Gobind Singh refused to play the role of an aggressor, as he had vowed never to strike except in self-defence.

In the course of along action near Anandpur, northeast of Ludhiana, Painda Khan was killed—reputedly in single combat by Guru Gobind Singh. After Painde Khan's death, Din Beg assumed the command of his troops.[5] However, he failed to overpower the Guru's forces. The hill Rajas fled from the battlefield, and Din Beg was forced to retreat after being wounded. He was pursued by the Guru's army as far as Rupar.[2]

Aftermath

After the Mughal generals failed to drive off the Guru from Anandpur, the hill Rajas formed an alliance and attacked Anandpur, leading to the Battle of Anandpur (1701).[6]

In popular culture

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Jacques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 815. ISBN 9788126908585.
  3. ↑ Fenech, Louis. The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh. OUP USA. p. 161. ISBN 9780199931453.
  4. ↑ Banerjee, Indubhusan. Evolution of the Khalsa. Calcutta: A. Mukerjee. p. 25. OCLC 5880923.
  5. ↑ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1996) [1909]. The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings, and Authors. Low Price Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-81-86142-31-8. OCLC 1888987.
  6. ↑ Kaur, Madanjit (2007). Guru Gobind Singh : historical and ideological perspective. Chandigarh, India: Unistar Books. ISBN 9788189899554.


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