Battle of Jalalabad (1710)

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Battle of Jalalabad
Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars
Date1710
Location
Jalalabad, Muzaffarnagar
Result Sikh victory, but siege ineffective[1]
Belligerents
Punjab flag.svg Khalsa Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Banda Singh Bahadur Jalal Khan

The Battle of Jalalabad occurred in 1710 between the Mughal forces of Jalal Khan and the Sikh forces of Banda Singh Bahadur. Banda Singh Bahadur attacked the Mughal stronghold of Jalalabad. The army opposing Banda Singh was composed of a sizeable number of the Muslim zamindars and shurafa, including many Sadat,[2] Banda Singh Bahadur repelled Mughal and Pathan forces after four days from the battlefield and back into the city, but failed to capture the city and withdrew.[1]

Background[edit]

Banda Singh Bahadur was notified that Sikh people were imprisoned and persecuted, and the conditions were extremely bad for the Hindus, facing cruel treatment and tyranny in the city of Jalalabad, ruled by Jalal Khan and Pathan army. Banda Singh sent his messengers to Jalal Khan to stop the oppression against the non-Muslims but his messengers were mistreated and sent back.[3] Therefore, Banda Singh Bahadur marched towards Jalalabad.[4] On the way to Jalalabad, Banda Singh defeated, captured and plundered Sarsawa, Saharanpur, Beyhut, Ambeyta, Nanauta, with half the administrative towns of Saharanpur falling under the Sikh rule. From Nanauta, Banda and his army approached Jalalabad where the army of Jalal Khan awaited them.[5][6]

Battle and siege[edit]

The battle took place for three or four days. Jamal Khan and Pir Khan, the nephews of Jalal Khan, were killed along with Hazbar Khan and numerous Ghazis, resulting in the repulsion of Pathan army back into the city fort.[1][7] The city was besieged, but due to strong walls of the fort, unpleasant weather that flooded the surrounding of the fort, along with its banks overflowed by river Krishna, and especially after being notified of urgent calls from the Sikhs of central Punjab, appealing for help against their local faujdars, and that the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah had sent reinforcement to recover the lost territories in Punjab, Banda Singh lifted the siege for more urgent matters.[1][8][7][9]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
  2. ↑ Proceedings, Volume 24. 1963.
  3. ↑ Sagoo 2001, p. 167.
  4. ↑ Sagoo, Harbans Kaur (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovreignty. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 168, 169. ISBN 9788176293006.
  5. ↑ Sagoo 2001, p. 170.
  6. ↑ Gandhi, Surjit (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. p. 37.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sagoo 2001, p. 171.
  8. ↑ Singh, Ganda (1990) [1935]. Life of Banda Singh Bahadur. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp. 90–99.
  9. ↑ Gandhi 1999, p. 38.
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