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'''Chakpa''' (Meithei exonym: '''Loi''') is an extinct [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language]] that was spoken in the [[Imphal]] valley of [[Manipur]], [[India]]. It belonged to the [[Luish languages|Luish]] branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Chakpa speakers have since shifted to [[Meithei language|Meithei]].<ref name="Huziwara 2020" /> Varieties of the language included Sengmai and Andro.<ref name="Matisoff 2013">{{harvp|Matisoff|2013}}</ref>
'''Chakpa''' ([[Meitei language|Meitei]] exonym: '''Loi''') is an extinct [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language]] that was spoken in the [[Imphal]] valley of [[Manipur]], [[India]]. It belonged to the [[Luish languages|Luish]] branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Chakpa speakers have been shifted to that of [[Meitei language]].<ref name="Huziwara 2020" /> Varieties of the language included Sengmai and Andro.<ref name="Matisoff 2013">{{harvp|Matisoff|2013}}</ref>


Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, and Chairel, all of which are now Meithei-speaking villages.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />
Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, and Chairel, all of which are now Meitei-speaking villages.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />


==Other names==
==Other names==
{{further|Loi}}
{{further|Loi}}
''[[Loi]]'' (or ''Lui''; hence "[[Luish languages|Luish]]") is a [[Meithei language|Meithei]] [[endonym and exonym|exonym]] that includes Chakpa. Although Chakpa are typically considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa. For example, Kakching and Kwata are Loi villages that are not Chakpa.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />
''[[Loi]]'' (or ''Lui''; hence "[[Luish languages|Luish]]") is a [[Meithei language|Meithei]] [[endonym and exonym|exonym]] that includes Chakpa. Although Chakpa are typically considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa. For example, [[Kakching]] and Kwakta are Loi villages that are not Chakpa.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />


==Documentation==
==Documentation==
Chakpa is preserved in written manuscripts that are recited by [[pandit]]s during traditional ceremonies, such as those of the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />
Chakpa is preserved in written manuscripts that are recited by religious scholars during traditional ceremonies, such as those of the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" />


Chakpa word lists can be found in McCulloch (1859)<ref name="McCulloch 1859">{{Cite book |last=McCulloch |first=W. |url={{google books|OeYwAQAAMAAJ|plainurl=yes}} |title=Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes: With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages |date=1859 |publisher=Bengal Printing Company |location=Calcutta |language=en}}</ref> and Basanta (1998).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basanta |first=Ningombam |title=Modernisation, Challenge and Response: A Study of the Chakpa Community of Manipur |date=2008 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref>
Chakpa word lists can be found in McCulloch (1859)<ref name="McCulloch 1859">{{Cite book |last=McCulloch |first=W. |url={{google books|OeYwAQAAMAAJ|plainurl=yes}} |title=Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes: With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages |date=1859 |publisher=Bengal Printing Company |location=Calcutta |language=en}}</ref> and Basanta (1998).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basanta |first=Ningombam |title=Modernisation, Challenge and Response: A Study of the Chakpa Community of Manipur |date=2008 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |location=New Delhi |language=en}}</ref>
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Huziwara |first=Keisuke 藤原 敬介 |date=2012 |title=Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete |script-title=ja:ルイ祖語の再構にむけて |trans-title=Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish |journal=Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū |language=ja |volume=31 |pages=25–131 |doi=10.14989/182194 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |script-journal=ja:京都大学言語学研究 |hdl=2433/182194}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Huziwara |first=Keisuke 藤原 敬介 |date=2012 |title=Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete |script-title=ja:ルイ祖語の再構にむけて |trans-title=Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish |journal=Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū |language=ja |volume=31 |pages=25-131 |doi=10.14989/182194 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |script-journal=ja:京都大学言語学研究 |hdl=2433/182194}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |date=2013 |title=Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship |url=http://sealang.net/archives/ltba/pdf/LTBA-36.2.15.pdf |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=15–95}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |date=2013 |title=Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship |url=http://sealang.net/archives/ltba/pdf/LTBA-36.2.15.pdf |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=15–95}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

Revision as of 21:36, 14 June 2022


Chakpa
Loi
Native toIndia
RegionManipur
Extinct(date missing)[1]
DialectsAndro, Sengmai (Sekmai), Phayeng, Chairel
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologandr1245

Chakpa (Meitei exonym: Loi) is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was spoken in the Imphal valley of Manipur, India. It belonged to the Luish branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Chakpa speakers have been shifted to that of Meitei language.[1] Varieties of the language included Sengmai and Andro.[2]

Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, and Chairel, all of which are now Meitei-speaking villages.[1]

Other names

Loi (or Lui; hence "Luish") is a Meithei exonym that includes Chakpa. Although Chakpa are typically considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa. For example, Kakching and Kwakta are Loi villages that are not Chakpa.[1]

Documentation

Chakpa is preserved in written manuscripts that are recited by religious scholars during traditional ceremonies, such as those of the Lai Haraoba festival.[1]

Chakpa word lists can be found in McCulloch (1859)[3] and Basanta (1998).[4]

The Chairel variety is documented in a word list by McCulloch (1859).[3]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Huziwara, Keisuke (2020). "On the Genetic Position of Chakpa Within Luish Languages". Himalayan Linguistics. 19 (2): 44–55. doi:10.5070/H91150999.
  2. Matisoff (2013)
  3. 3.0 3.1 McCulloch, W. (1859). Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes: With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages. Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company.
  4. Basanta, Ningombam (2008). Modernisation, Challenge and Response: A Study of the Chakpa Community of Manipur. New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House.

Further reading

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