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{{Meitei deities}} | {{Meitei deities}} | ||
'''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}) or '''Koubaru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ}}) or '''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}) is a God in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]). He is the Guardian of the North West direction.<ref name="Prakash 2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+A+wang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA1543|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur: A Study|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1972|publisher=Available with Raj Stores|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East|last=Brara|first=N. Vijaylakshmi|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+Awang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA12|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]],<ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books" /> starting from the [[Mount Koubru]], a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Manipuri+civilization+began+taking+shape+on+the+Koubru+Peak+which+lies+North-West+of+the+Manipur+valley&pg=PA62|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=Horam|first2=M.|last3=Rizvi|first3=S. H. M.|date=1998|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-127-2|language=en}}</ref> | '''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}) or '''Koubaru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ}}) or '''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}) is a God in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]). He is the Guardian of the North West direction ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ|Koupalu Maikei|Direction of Koupalu}}).<ref name="Prakash 2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+A+wang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA1543|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur: A Study|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1972|publisher=Available with Raj Stores|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East|last=Brara|first=N. Vijaylakshmi|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+Awang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA12|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]],<ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books" /> starting from the [[Mount Koubru]], a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Manipuri+civilization+began+taking+shape+on+the+Koubru+Peak+which+lies+North-West+of+the+Manipur+valley&pg=PA62|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=Horam|first2=M.|last3=Rizvi|first3=S. H. M.|date=1998|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-127-2|language=en}}</ref> | ||
God Koubru resides in the [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill). The [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the [[Meitei ethnicity]], including the [[Loi]]s of [[Andro]], [[Khurkhul]], [[Phayeng]] and [[Sekmai]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/> | God Koubru resides in the [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill). The [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the [[Meitei ethnicity]], including the [[Loi]]s of [[Andro]], [[Khurkhul]], [[Phayeng]] and [[Sekmai]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/> | ||
Revision as of 21:29, 1 April 2022
| Koupalu | |
|---|---|
Guardian God of the North West Direction | |
| Member of Maikei Ngaakpa Lais and Umang Lais | |
 "Koupalu", the Ancient Meitei name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida | |
| Other names | Koubaru, Koubru |
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Abode | Mount Koubru |
| Weapon | Spear |
| Animals | White elephant |
| Mount | White elephant |
| Texts | PuYas |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur) |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | Koubru Lai Haraoba[1] |
| Personal information | |
| Consort | Kounu |
| Children |
|
Koupalu (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ) or Koubaru (Meitei: ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ) or Koubru (Meitei: ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ) is a God in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is the Guardian of the North West direction (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ, romanized: Koupalu Maikei, lit. 'Direction of Koupalu').[3][4][5][6] Legend says he is the founder of civilization in Ancient Manipur,[4] starting from the Mount Koubru, a peak where he abodes, in north-western Manipur.[3][6][7][8]
God Koubru resides in the Mount Koubru (Koubru Hill). The Mount Koubru (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the Meitei ethnicity, including the Lois of Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai.[3][6]
Origin
The traditional hymns supplement the theory of origin.
Awang Koubru Assupa
Leimalai Khunda Ahanba.
Nongthrei Ma-U Lingliba,
Irik Mapan Thariba,
Lainingthou!
English translation of the above passage:
North Koubru all-inclusive (pervasive)
Leima Lai first habitation,
Heaven-flower all things seen established,
Blood drop (Blood cell) planters,
O! Lainingthou (King of Gods)![9]
This is the hymn of invocation of God Koubru (Koupalu in PuYas).[9]
Description
Lord Koubru is the Omniscient and the Omnipotent Guardian God. He lives on the top of Mount Koubru.[10] God Koubru, the Heavenly Lord, is said to be the controller of the nine underground wells/tunnels. These are associated with the birth and death of the mankind. The 9 tunnels are sacred to the Meitei people. So, these are still worshipped by the Meiteis.[11]
Worship
In the Lai Haraoba festival, a ritualistic folk song dedicated to God Koubru is sung like this:
Awang Koubru Assupa
Eeyen Khunda Ahanba
English translation of the above passage:
Koubru of the North, You are the overlord
You are the first place of settlement.[3][6]
The Meiteis offer a beautiful puppy to God Koubru to free themselves from the sufferings.[3][6] The Loi caste of the Meitei ethnicity worship God Koubru on every occasion, including birth, marriage and death.[3][6] All the Loi villagers excluding Andro are the worshipers of God Koubru.[10]
Related pages
References
- ↑ "Koubru – Manipur News".
- ↑ Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singh, N. Tombi (1972). Manipur: A Study. Available with Raj Stores.
- ↑ Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
- ↑ Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
- ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; Horam, M.; Rizvi, S. H. M. (1998). Manipur. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7046-127-2.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-790-0.
- ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
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