Coimbatore district: Difference between revisions

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Post independence, the district has seen rapid growth due to [[industrialisation]]. According to the 2011 Census Coimbatore district is the second most urbanized district of Tamil Nadu after [[Chennai]]. The district has 71.37% urban population and 29.63% rural population. The urbanized areas of Coimbatore district include the city of Coimbatore, Karamadai, Podanur, Madhukkarai, Ettimadai, Thondamuthur, Mettupalayam, Annur, and a few other regions. Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya founded by Mahatama Gandhi 1934.
Post independence, the district has seen rapid growth due to [[industrialisation]]. According to the 2011 Census Coimbatore district is the second most urbanized district of Tamil Nadu after [[Chennai]]. The district has 71.37% urban population and 29.63% rural population. The urbanized areas of Coimbatore district include the city of Coimbatore, Karamadai, Podanur, Madhukkarai, Ettimadai, Thondamuthur, Mettupalayam, Annur, and a few other regions. Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya founded by Mahatama Gandhi 1934.
== History ==
{{See also| Coimbatore District (Madras Presidency)}}
The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the [[Sangama Dynasty|Sangam]] [[Chera Dynasty|Cheras]] dynasty and it served as the eastern entrance to the [[Palakkad Gap]], the principal trade route between the west coast and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="Trade"/> The [[Kosar people]] mentioned in the second century CE Tamil epic ''[[Silappathikaram]]'' and other poems in [[Sangam literature]] is associated with the area in and around the present-day Coimbatore district.<ref>{{Cite book|last=[[S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar]]|title=Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture| year=2009| publisher=BiblioBazaar| isbn=978-1-113-17175-7| page=27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuFEQjoMJwkC&pg=PA27}}</ref> The region was in the middle of a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] trade route that extended from [[Muziris]] to [[Arikamedu]].<ref name="Roman"/><ref name="Roman2"/> The [[medieval Cholas]] conquered the [[Kongu Nadu]] in the 10th century CE. A Chola highway called ''Rajakesari Peruvazhi'' ran through the region.<ref name="Cholas"/><ref name="Cholaroad"/>
Much of Tamil Nadu came under the rule of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] by the 15th century. In the 1550s, [[Madurai Nayaks]] who were the military governors of the Vijaynagara Empire took control of the region. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom. The Nayaks introduced the [[Polygar|Palayakkarar system]] under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 ''Palayams''.<ref name="Palayakkarar"/>
In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], following a series of wars with the [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty]]. After the [[Siege of Coimbatore|defeat]] of [[Tipu Sultan]] in the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], the [[British East India Company]] annexed Coimbatore to the [[Madras Presidency]] in 1799. The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second [[Poligar War]] (1801) when it was the area of operations of [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]].<ref name="Dheeran"/>
===District formation===
In 1804, Coimbatore district was newly carved out and Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed district. The district court was initially at [[Dharapuram]], which was later moved to Coimbatore.<ref name="NammaKovai"/><ref name="Capital"/><ref name="Stanes"/> The district comprised present-day districts of [[Erode district|Erode]], [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]], [[Nilgiris district|Niligirs]] and parts of [[Karur district|Karur]], [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] in [[Kerala]], [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]] in [[Karnataka]]. [[Nilgiris district]] was segregated in 1868. The region was hard hit during the [[Great Famine of 1876–78]] resulting in nearly 200,000 famine related fatalities. The city experienced an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 on the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]] on 8 February 1900.<ref name=earthquake>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1627/16270870.htm|title=Dams and earthquakes|publisher=Frontline|date=25 December 1999|access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811214221/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1627/16270870.htm|archive-date=11 August 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The first three decades of the 20th century saw nearly 20,000 [[black death|plague-related deaths]] and an acute water shortage.<ref>{{cite news|title=The perils of the past |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/05/28/stories/2005052802450300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110161035/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/05/28/stories/2005052802450300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2012|access-date=29 December 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 May 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Chronicling the spirit of Coimbatore |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/03/stories/2009010358210200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110161046/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/03/stories/2009010358210200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2012|access-date=29 December 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 January 2009}}</ref>
The district experienced an economic boom in the 1920s and 1930s due to the decline of the cotton industry in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="frontline1"/> The region played a significant role in the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Mahatma's link with Coimbatore|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/10/01/stories/2005100101800300.htm|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810092413/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/10/01/stories/2005100101800300.htm|archive-date=10 August 2007|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Post independence, the district has seen rapid growth due to [[industrialisation]].<ref name="Corporation">{{cite news|title= Keep politics out of Corporation Council |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122517080300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303093542/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/25/stories/2006122517080300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2007|access-date=9 June 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 December 2006}}</ref>
In 1927, [[Karur]] taluk was separated from the district and merged with [[Tiruchirapalli district]]. In 1956, [[Kollegal|Kollegal taluk]] was transferred to [[Mysore State]]. In 1979, [[Periyar district]] ([[Erode district]]) was formed after bifurcation of six taluks of [[Bhavani taluk|Bhavani]], [[Gobichettipalayam taluk|Gobichettipalayam]], [[Sathyamangalam taluk|Sathyamangalam]], [[Erode taluk|Erode]], [[Perundurai taluk|Perundurai]], [[Kangeyam taluk|Kangeyam]] and [[Dharapuram taluk|Dharapuram]]. Further, [[Tiruppur district]] was formed in 2012 comprising parts of [[Erode district]] and Coimbatore district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coimbatore.tn.nic.in/history.html|title=Coimbatore district - History|access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406223200/http://www.coimbatore.tn.nic.in/history.html|archive-date=6 April 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref>
With its strategic location in Southern India, Coimbatore has a notable presence of defence forces, with units of the Army, Navy, Air Force and para-military forces like the Central Reserve Police Force and Border Security Force stationed in the district.
== References ==

Revision as of 11:22, 15 February 2022

Coimbatore District
Covai District
District of Tamil Nadu
Mountains near Valparai
Mountains near Valparai
Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 11°00′45″N 76°58′17″E / 11.0125°N 76.9714°E / 11.0125; 76.9714
Country India
StateFile:TamilNadu Logo.svg Tamil Nadu
HeadquartersCoimbatore
TaluksAnnur, Anaimalai, Coimbatore North, Coimbatore South, Kinathukadavu, Madukkarai, Mettupalayam, Perur, Pollachi, Sulur, Valparai
Government
 • BodyCoimbatore Local Planning Authority
 • District CollectorG. S. Sameeran, IAS
 • Superintendent of PoliceSelvanagarathinam, IPS
Area
 • Total4,723 km2 (1,824 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total3,458,045
 • Density730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
641xxx, 642xxx
Telephone code+91-0422
ISO 3166 codeISO 3166-2
Vehicle registrationTN-37,TN-37Z, TN-38, TN-40, TN-41,TN-41Z,TN-66, TN-99,
Largest cityCoimbatore
Sex ratioM-50.00%/F-50.00% ♂/♀
Literacy92.98%
State legislative assembly (India) constituency10
Precipitation700 millimetres (28 in)
Avg. summer temperature35 °C (95 °F)
Avg. winter temperature18 °C (64 °F)
Websitecoimbatore.nic.in

Coimbatore district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. Coimbatore is the administrative headquarters of the district.[2] It is one of the most industrialized districts and a major textile, industrial, commercial, educational, information technology, healthcare and manufacturing hub of Tamil Nadu.[3] The region is bounded by Tiruppur district in the east, Nilgiris district in the north, Erode district in the north-east, Palakkad district, Idukki district and small parts of Thrissur district and Ernakulam district of neighboring state of Kerala in the west and south respectively. As of 2011, Coimbatore district had a population of 3,458,045 with a sex-ratio of 1,000 and literacy rate of 84%.[4]

Coimbatore district was part of the historical Kongu Nadu and was ruled by the Cheras as it served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap, the principal trade route between the west coast and Tamil Nadu.[5] Coimbatore was in the middle of the Roman trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu in South India.[6][7] The medieval Cholas conquered the Kongu Nadu in the 10th century CE.[8][9] The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Palayakkarar system under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams.[10] In the later part of the 18th century, the Coimbatore region came under the Kingdom of Mysore and following the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed Coimbatore to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.[11] In 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed Coimbatore district.[12][13][14] The district experienced a textile boom in the early 19th century due to the decline of the cotton industry in Mumbai.[15]

Post independence, the district has seen rapid growth due to industrialisation. According to the 2011 Census Coimbatore district is the second most urbanized district of Tamil Nadu after Chennai. The district has 71.37% urban population and 29.63% rural population. The urbanized areas of Coimbatore district include the city of Coimbatore, Karamadai, Podanur, Madhukkarai, Ettimadai, Thondamuthur, Mettupalayam, Annur, and a few other regions. Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya founded by Mahatama Gandhi 1934.

History

See also: Coimbatore District (Madras Presidency)

The region around Coimbatore was ruled by the Sangam Cheras dynasty and it served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap, the principal trade route between the west coast and Tamil Nadu.[5] The Kosar people mentioned in the second century CE Tamil epic Silappathikaram and other poems in Sangam literature is associated with the area in and around the present-day Coimbatore district.[16] The region was in the middle of a Roman trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu.[6][7] The medieval Cholas conquered the Kongu Nadu in the 10th century CE. A Chola highway called Rajakesari Peruvazhi ran through the region.[8][9]

Much of Tamil Nadu came under the rule of the Vijayanagara Empire by the 15th century. In the 1550s, Madurai Nayaks who were the military governors of the Vijaynagara Empire took control of the region. After the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 17th century, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom. The Nayaks introduced the Palayakkarar system under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams.[10]

In the later part of the 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore, following a series of wars with the Madurai Nayak Dynasty. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed Coimbatore to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.[11]

District formation

In 1804, Coimbatore district was newly carved out and Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed district. The district court was initially at Dharapuram, which was later moved to Coimbatore.[12][13][14] The district comprised present-day districts of Erode, Tiruppur, Niligirs and parts of Karur, Palakkad in Kerala, Chamarajanagar in Karnataka. Nilgiris district was segregated in 1868. The region was hard hit during the Great Famine of 1876–78 resulting in nearly 200,000 famine related fatalities. The city experienced an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 on the Richter scale on 8 February 1900.[17] The first three decades of the 20th century saw nearly 20,000 plague-related deaths and an acute water shortage.[18][19]

The district experienced an economic boom in the 1920s and 1930s due to the decline of the cotton industry in Mumbai.[15] The region played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.[20] Post independence, the district has seen rapid growth due to industrialisation.[21]

In 1927, Karur taluk was separated from the district and merged with Tiruchirapalli district. In 1956, Kollegal taluk was transferred to Mysore State. In 1979, Periyar district (Erode district) was formed after bifurcation of six taluks of Bhavani, Gobichettipalayam, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Perundurai, Kangeyam and Dharapuram. Further, Tiruppur district was formed in 2012 comprising parts of Erode district and Coimbatore district.[22]

With its strategic location in Southern India, Coimbatore has a notable presence of defence forces, with units of the Army, Navy, Air Force and para-military forces like the Central Reserve Police Force and Border Security Force stationed in the district.

References

  1. ↑ "2011 Census of India" (MS Excel). Indian government. 16 April 2011.
  2. ↑ "Manchester of South India". Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  3. ↑ "Indian Government press release". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  4. ↑ "Coimbatore district, Census 2011". Government of India. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Subramanian, T. S (28 January 2007). "Roman connection in Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Kovai's Roman connection". The Hindu. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "On the Roman Trail". The Hindu. 21 January 2008. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Vanavarayar, Shankar (21 June 2010). "Scripting history". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 M, Soundariya Preetha (30 June 2007). "Tale of an ancient road". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "The land called Kongunad". The Hindu. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 29 March 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Remembering Dheeran Chinnamalai". The Hindu. 3 August 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Namma Kovai". The Hindu. 31 December 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "The city that is Coimbatore". The Hindu. 30 April 2005. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 S. Muthiah (14 April 2003). "'Golden Tips' in the Nilgiris". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "The cotton classic". Frontline. 30 January 2004. Archived from the original on 29 June 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  16. ↑ S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar (2009). Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture. BiblioBazaar. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-113-17175-7.
  17. ↑ "Dams and earthquakes". Frontline. 25 December 1999. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "The perils of the past". The Hindu. 28 May 2005. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  19. ↑ "Chronicling the spirit of Coimbatore". The Hindu. 3 January 2009. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  20. ↑ "The Mahatma's link with Coimbatore". The Hindu. 1 October 2005. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  21. ↑ "Keep politics out of Corporation Council". The Hindu. 25 December 2006. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
  22. ↑ "Coimbatore district - History". Archived from the original on 6 April 2005. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
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