Jammu and Kashmir (union territory): Difference between revisions

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name                            = Jammu and Kashmir

| image_skyline                  = {{Photomontage

| photo1a      = Pahalgam Valley.jpg

| image_caption                  =  

| image_flag                      =  

| image_blank_emblem              =  

| blank_emblem_size              =  

| blank_emblem_type              =  

| map_alt                        = Jammu and Kashmir

| coordinates                    = {{coord|33.5|75.0|region:IN-JK_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}

| coor_pinpoint                  =  

| coordinates_footnotes          =  

| established_title              = [[States and union territories of India|Union territory]]

| established_date                = 31 October 2019

| seat_type                      = Capital

| parts_type                      = [[List of districts in Jammu and Kashmir|Districts]]

| parts_style                    = para

| leader_name3                    = [[Rajya Sabha]] (4) <br /> [[Lok Sabha]] (5)

| leader_title4                  = [[High Courts of India|High Court]]

| unit_pref                      = Metric

| area_footnotes                  = {{efn|Jammu and Kashmir is a [[disputed territory]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. Jammu and Kashmir has 42,241 km² of area administered by India and 13,297 km² of area controlled by Pakistan under Azad Kashmir which is claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir.}}

| area_total_km2                  = 42,241

| area_rank                      =  

| elevation_max_m                = 7135

| elevation_max_ft                =  

| footnotes                      =  

| official_name                  =  

}}

Provisions for the formation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir were contained within the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019]], which was passed by both houses of the [[Parliament of India]] in August 2019. The act re-constituted the former [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|state of Jammu and Kashmir]] into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, with effect from 31 October 2019.<ref name="Gazette2" />

== Terminology ==

Jammu and Kashmir is named after the two regions it encompasses {{ndash}} the [[Jammu region]] and the [[Kashmir Valley]].

The Government of Pakistan and Pakistani sources refer to Jammu and Kashmir as a part of "Indian-occupied Kashmir" ("IOK") or "Indian-held Kashmir" (IHK).<ref>{{cite web |first= Ali | last=Zain |url= http://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/pakistani-flag-hoisted-pro-freedom-slogans-chanted-in-indian-occupied-kashmir-567/ |title= Pakistani flag hoisted, pro-freedom slogans chanted in Indian Occupied Kashmir – Daily Pakistan Global |publisher= En.dailypakistan.com.pk |date= 13 September 2015 |access-date= 17 November 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151118114311/http://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/pakistan/pakistani-flag-hoisted-pro-freedom-slogans-chanted-in-indian-occupied-kashmir-567/ |archive-date= 18 November 2015 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/World/298421-Pakistani-flag-hoisted-once-again-in-Indian-Occupi |title= Pakistani flag hoisted once again in Indian Occupied Kashmir |website=Dunya News |date= 11 September 2015 |access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> The Government of India and Indian sources in turn, call the [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir|territory under Pakistan control]] "Pakistan-occupied Kashmir" ("POK") or "Pakistan-held Kashmir" ("PHK").<ref name="Snedden 2013 p.2-3">{{cite book |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |author-link=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |pages=2–3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-enigma-of-terminology/article5621801.ece|title=The enigma of terminology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016082903/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-enigma-of-terminology/article5621801.ece|archive-date=16 October 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 January 2014}}</ref>

== History ==

{{For|the 1954–2019 history|Jammu and Kashmir (state)#History}}

{{For|the pre-1954 history|Kashmir#History}}

The state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was accorded special status by [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India]]. In contrast to other [[states of India]], Jammu and Kashmir had its own [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir|constitution]], [[Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|flag]] and administrative autonomy.<ref>{{citation |author=K. Venkataramanan |title=How the status of Jammu and Kashmir is being changed |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 August 2019 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/explained-how-the-status-of-jammu-and-kashmir-is-being-changed/article28822866.ece?homepage=true}}</ref> Indian citizens from other states were not allowed to purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/article-370-and-35a-revoked-how-it-would-change-the-face-of-kashmir/articleshow/70531959.cms|title=Article 370 and 35(A) revoked: How it would change the face of Kashmir|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=5 August 2019}}</ref>

A resolution to [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|repeal Article 370]] was passed by both the houses of the [[Parliament of India]] in August 2019. At the same time, a [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|reorganisation act]] was also passed, which would reconstitute the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliament-live-govt-to-move-jammu-and-kashmir-reorganisation-bill-for-passage-in-lok-sabha/article28831274.ece|title=Parliament Live &#124; Lok Sabha passes Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, Ayes: 370, Noes 70|date=6 August 2019|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> The reorganisation took effect from 31 October 2019.<ref name="Gazette2">{{citation|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210412.pdf|title=In exercise of the powers conferred by clause a of section 2 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act.|date=9 August 2019|access-date=9 August 2019|author=Ministry of Home Affairs|work=[[The Gazette of India]]}}</ref>

==Geography==

===Topography===

[[File:Kashmir top.jpg|thumb|[[Topographic map]] of Jammu and Kashmir, with visible altitude for the Kashmir valley and Jammu region.]]

Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley, Tawi Valley, [[Chenab Valley]], [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] Valley, [[Sind Valley]] and [[Lidder Valley]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Vij|first=Shivam|date=5 May 2017|title=Kashmir Is A Prison With Three Walls|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/05/04/kashmir-is-a-prison-with-three-walls_a_22070340/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505073150/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/05/04/kashmir-is-a-prison-with-three-walls_a_22070340/|archive-date=5 May 2017|access-date=9 August 2019|work=[[HuffPost]]}} [https://shivamvij.in/2017/05/05/755/ Alt URL]</ref> The Kashmir valley is {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|15520.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in area.<ref name="AA1">{{cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/columnists/indus-water-flow-can-t-be-stopped-721|title=Indus: The water flow can't be stopped|first=Mohan|last=Guruswamy|work=[[The Asian Age]]|date=28 September 2016|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> The [[Himalayas]] divide the Kashmir valley from the [[Tibetan plateau]] while the [[Pir Panjal]] range, which encloses the valley from the west and the south, separates it from the [[Punjab Plain]] of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/a-tryst-of-the-heart-and-history-along-the-karakoram-highway/|title=A Tryst of the Heart and History along the Karakoram Highway|first=Asma|last=Khan|work=[[Greater Kashmir]]|date=26 April 2018|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> Along the northeastern flank of the Valley runs the main range of the Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/india-pakistan-conflict-07032019/|title=Why India and Pakistan keep fighting over Kashmir – the history of the Kashmir conflict|first=Mihai|last=Andrei|work=GME Science|date=11 March 2019|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> This valley has an average height of {{convert|1850|m|ft}} above sea-level,<ref name="AA1"/> but the surrounding Pir Panjal range has an average elevation of {{convert|10000|ft|m}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/in-the-past-the-mountain-passes-were-entry-exit-points-for-travellers-and-invaders/article22136536.ece|title=Doorway of the gods: Himalaya crosses five countries|author1=Vrinda|author2=J. Ramanan|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 December 2017|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> The [[Jhelum River]] is the major Himalayan river which flows through the Kashmir valley.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jhelum-River|title=Jhelum River|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=15 December 2015|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref> The [[Tawi River|Tawi]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]] and [[Chenab River|Chenab]] are the other important rivers flowing through the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/29-Jul-2019/flooding-alert-issued-as-india-releases-water|title=Flooding alert issued as India releases water|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|author=Agencies|date=29 July 2019|access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==

[[File:J,K and L - Indian Union Territories.jpg|thumb|'''''Jammu and Kashmir union territory''''' (J and K) is bordered in carmine colour. '''''Ladakh union territory''''' (L) is bordered in blue colour.]]

The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir consists of two [[Divisions of India|divisions]]: [[Jammu Division]] and [[Kashmir Division]], and is further divided into 20 [[Districts of India|districts]].<ref name=MHA>{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=306 |title=Ministry of Home Affairs:: Department of Jammu & Kashmir Affairs |access-date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208212815/http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?Id_Pk=306 |archive-date=8 December 2008 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 0;"

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

!| Urban Area <br />(km²)

!|

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

|rowspan=11|[[Jammu Division|Jammu]]

|| <ref>{{cite report

|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0107_PART_A_DCHB_KATHUA.pdf |page=8 |work=Census of India 2011, Part A |title=District Census Handbook Kathua |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Jammu district]]

|| [[Jammu (city)|Jammu]]

| {{convert|2342|km2|sqmi|disp=table|0|adj=ri0}}

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|252.13|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0121_PART_A_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf |pages=13, 51, 116 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Jammu, Part A |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0121_PART_B_DCHB_JAMMU.pdf |pages=13, 24 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Jammu, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Samba district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|38.76|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0122_PART_A_DCHB_SAMBA.pdf |pages=9, 34, 36, 100 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Samba, Part A |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0122_PART_B_DCHB_SAMBA.pdf |pages=10, 12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Samba, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Udhampur district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|43.72|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0119_PART_B_DCHB_UDHAMPUR.pdf |pages=12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Udhampur |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Reasi district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|39.01|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0120_PART_A_DCHB_REASI.pdf |pages=9, 37, 88 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Reasi, Part A |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0120_PART_B_DCHB_REASI.pdf |pages=9, 13, 24 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Reasi, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Rajouri district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|21.89|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0106_PART_A_DCHB_RAJOURI.pdf |pages=11, 107 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Rajouri, Part A |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0106_PART_B_DCHB_RAJOURI.pdf |pages=9, 10, 12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Rajouri, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir|Poonch district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|24.08|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0105_PART_A_DCHB_PUNCH.pdf |pages=9, 99 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Punch, Part A |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0105_PART_B_DCHB_PUNCH.pdf |pages=11, 13, 24 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Punch, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Doda district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|19.75|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0116_PART_B_DCHB_DODA.pdf |pages=9, 12, 99 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Doda, Part B |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Ramban district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|15.08|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0117_PART_B_DCHB_RAMBAN.pdf |pages=10, 12 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Ramban, Part B |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Kishtwar district]]

|| [[Kishtwar]]

| {{convert|1644.00|km2|sqmi|disp=table|0|adj=ri0}}

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|0.63|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0118_PART_B_DCHB_KISHTWAR.pdf |pages=9, 10, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Kishtwar, Part B |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />Part B page 9 says the rural area is 1643.65 km², whilst pages 10 and 22 says 1643.37 km².</ref>

|- style="background:lightblue; vertical-align:top;"

||Total for division

|style="text-align:center;"| {{round|498.05|2}}

||

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

|rowspan=11 |[[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|98.24|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf |page=9 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Anantnag, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0114_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf |pages=12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Anantnag, Part B |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Kulgam district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|360.20|2}}

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|49.80|2}}

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Pulwama district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|38.55|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0112_PART_B_DCHB_PULWAMA.pdf |pages=12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Pulwama, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Shopian district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|5.44|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0113_PART_A_DCHB_SHUPIYAN.pdf |page=10 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Shupiyan, Part A |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0113_PART_B_DCHB_SUPHIYAN.pdf |pages=12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Shupiyan, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />Part B pages 12 and 22 say the district area is 312.00 km², but Part A page 10 says 307.42 km².</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Budgam district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|49.05|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf |pages=10, 46 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Badgam, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf |pages=11, 12, 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Badgam, Part B |date=16 June 2014|access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />Part A says the district area is 1371 km², Part B says 1371 km² (page 11) and 1361 km² (page 12s and 22).</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Srinagar district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|294.53|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0110_PART_A_DCHB_SRINAGAR.pdf |pages=11, 48 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Srinagar, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />Part A page 48 says the district area was 2228.0 km² in 2001 and 1978.95 km² in 2011.</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Ganderbal district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|25.40|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0111_PART_B_DCHB_GANDERBAL.pdf |pages=11, 12 and 22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Ganderbal, Part B |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />Part B page 11 says the district area is 393.04 km², but pages 12 and 22 say 259.00 km².</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Bandipora district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|49.63|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0109_PART_A_DCHB_BANDIPORE.pdf |pages=10, 47 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Bandipora, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0109_PART_B_DCHB_BANDIPORE.pdf |pages=11, 20 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Bandipora, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Baramulla district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|63.56|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0108_PART_A_DCHB_BARAMULA.pdf |page=11 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Baramulla, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0108_PART_B_DCHB_BARAMULA.pdf|page=22 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Baramulla, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

||[[Kupwara district]]

|style="text-align:right;"| {{round|47.34|2}}

||<ref>{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/01/0101_PART_A_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf |page=7 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Kupwara, Part A |date=July 2016 |access-date=21 November 2020}}<br />{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0101_PART_B_DCHB_KUPWARA.pdf|pages=11, 12 |work=Census of India 2011 |title=District Census Handbook Kupwara, Part B |date=16 June 2014 |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>

|- style="background:lightblue; vertical-align:top;"

||Total for division

|style="text-align:center;"| {{round|721.54|2}}

||

|}

==Demographics==

===Religion===

{{Pie chart|label1=[[Islam]]|value1=68.8|color1=Green|label2=[[Hinduism]]|value2=28.8|color2=orange|label3=[[Sikhism]]|value3=1.9|color3=yellow|label4=[[Christianity]]|value4=0.28|color4=blue|label5=[[Buddhism]]|value5=0.03|color5=Gold|label6=[[Jainism]]|value6=0.01|color6=Maroon|label7=Others|value7=0.01|color7=Grey|label8=Not Stated|value8=0.15|color8=Black|caption=Religions in Jammu and Kashmir (2011)<ref name="2011 Census">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>}}

==Government and politics==

{{main|Government of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}

The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is administered under the provisions of [[:s:Constitution of India/Part VIII#Article 239|Article 239]] of the [[Constitution of India]]. The Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puduchery]], will also be applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Indian Express">

[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jammu-kashmir-bifurcation-ladakh-union-territory-key-takeaways-from-reorganisation-bill-article-370-amit-shah-5880177/ Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Bill passed by Rajya Sabha: Key takeaways], The Indian Express, 5 August 2019.

</ref>

===Executive branch===

The [[President of India]] appoints a [[List of Governors of Jammu and Kashmir|Lieutenant Governor]] for the union territory.<ref name="Indian Express"/>

A Council of Ministers led by a [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]] is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor from the membership of the legislative assembly. Their role is to advise the Lieutenant Governor in the exercise of functions in matters under the jurisdiction of the legislative assembly. In other matters, the Lieutenant Governor is empowered to act in his own capacity.<ref name="Indian Express"/>

===Legislative branch===

The legislative branch is of government is a unicameral [[Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|legislative assembly]], whose tenure is five years. The legislative assembly may make laws for any of the matters in the [[State List]] of the Constitution of India except "public order" and "police", which will remain the preserve of the central [[Government of India]]. The Lieutenant Governor also has the power to promulgate ordinances which have the same force as the acts of the legislative assembly.<ref name="Indian Express"/>

Elections for the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly are to be held following the implementation of new constituency boundaries which is expected to be completed in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-in-2021-after-delimitation-ec-sources-2230726.html|title=Jammu and Kashmir assembly election in 2021 after delimitation: EC sources|date=29 August 2019|website=Zee News}}</ref>

===Judicial branch===

[[FILE:Stamp of India - 2006 - Colnect 158978 - High Court of Jammu - Kashmir.jpeg|thumb|The [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]] on postal stamps of India]]

The union territory is under the jurisdiction of the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]], which also serves as high court for [[Ladakh]].<ref name="Indian Express"/> Police services are provided by the [[Jammu and Kashmir Police]].<ref name="trnscpt">{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/salient-features-of-jammu-kashmir-reorganization-bill-146998|title=Salient Features Of Jammu & Kashmir Reorganization Bill [Read Bill]|first1=Devesh|first2=Iti|last1=Ratan|last2=Johri|date=7 August 2019|website=LiveLaw.in: All about law|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>

===Parties===

The main political parties active in the region are the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (State President: [[Ravinder Raina]]), the [[Indian National Congress]] (State President: [[Ghulam Ahmad Mir]]), the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (President: [[Farooq Abdullah]]) and the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] (President: [[Mehbooba Mufti]]). Other parties with a presence in the region parties include the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the [[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]], the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]], the [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (President: [[Altaf Bukhari]]), the [[Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party]] (President: Mir Junaid) and [[Ikkjutt Jammu]] (President: Ankur Sharma).

===Jammu and Kashmir in the Parliament of India===

Jammu and Kashmir sends five members (MPs) to the lower house of the [[Indian parliament]] (the [[Lok Sabha]]) and four members to the upper house (the [[Rajya Sabha]]).

;Lok Sabha constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir:

{| class="wikitable sortable"

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== Tourism ==

{{Main|Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir}}

Jammu and Kashmir is also famous for its scenic beauty, flower gardens, apple farms and more. It attracts tourists for its unique handicrafts and the world-famous [[Kashmir shawl|Kashmiri Shawls]].

<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">

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== Notes ==

{{Notelist}}

== See also ==

{{Portal|Geography|Asia|India}}

* [[Jammu and Kashmir Rifles]]

{{-}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Commons category}}

* [http://jkrajbhawan.nic.in/ Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]

* [https://jammukashmir.s3waas.gov.in/ Jammu and Kashmir district portal]

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}

{{Kashmir Valley}}

{{States and Union Territories of India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jammu And Kashmir}}

[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir| ]]