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Jatindra Nath Das: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Indian independence movement activist (1904–1929)}} | ||
{{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | {{redirect|Jatin Das|the Indian painter and sculptor|Jatin Das (painter)}} | ||
{{ | {{more citations needed|date=October 2015}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Jatindra Nath Das | | name = Jatindra Nath Das | ||
| image = | | native_name = যতীন দাস | ||
| image_size = | | image = Martyr Jatindranath Das.jpg | ||
| image_size = | |||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = Das | | caption = Das {{circa|1929}} | ||
| birth_name = Jatindra Nath Das | | birth_name = Jatindra Nath Das | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|10|27|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|10|27|df=y}} | ||
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] | | birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|09|13|1904|10|27|df=y}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1929|09|13|1904|10|27|df=y}} | ||
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] | | death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]] | ||
| death_cause = Hunger strike | | death_cause = Hunger strike | ||
| other_names = Jatin; Jatin das | | other_names = Jatin; Jatin das | ||
| known_for = 63-day hunger strike in jail; member of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] | | known_for = 63-day hunger strike in jail; member of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] | ||
| occupation = | | occupation = Activist | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Anushilan Samiti}} | {{Anushilan Samiti}} | ||
'''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস)}}; 27 October 1904 – 13 September 1929), also known as '''Jatin Das''', was an | '''Jatindra Nath Das''' ({{lang-bn|যতীন্দ্রনাথ দাস)}}; 27 October 1904 – 13 September 1929), also known as '''Jatin Das''', was an Indian [[Indian Independence Movement|independence activist]] and [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary]]. He died in [[Central Jail Lahore|Lahore jail]] after a 63-day [[hunger strike]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Jatindra Das was born in 1904 in | Jatindra Das was born in 1904 in family at [[Calcutta]]. He passed the matriculation and intermediate examinations in the First Division. He joined the [[Anushilan Samiti]], a revolutionary group in Bengal, and also participated in Mahatma Gandhi's [[non-cooperation movement]] in 1921, aged 17.{{cn|date=October 2021}} In November 1925, while studying for a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] at [[Bangabasi College]] in Calcutta, Das was arrested for his political activities and was imprisoned at the jail in [[Mymensingh]]. While interned there, he went on a hunger strike to protest the ill-treatment meted out to the political prisoners. After fasting for twenty days, the jail's superintendent apologised and he gave up the fast. [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]] taught him how to make bombs.<ref name="Chatterji">{{cite book |title=Filming Reality: The Independent Documentary Movement in India |first=Shoma A. |last=Chatterji |publisher=SAGE Publications India |year=2015 |isbn=978-9-35150-543-3 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xV0lDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT36}}</ref> | ||
On 14 June 1929 he was arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in Lahore jail to be tried under the supplementary [[Bhagat Singh#Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case|Lahore Conspiracy Case]]. | On 14 June 1929 he was arrested for revolutionary activities and was [[imprisoned]] in Lahore jail to be tried under the supplementary [[Bhagat Singh#Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case|Lahore Conspiracy Case]]. | ||
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==Hunger strike== | ==Hunger strike== | ||
In Lahore jail, Das began a hunger strike along with other revolutionary fighters, demanding equality for Indian political prisoners with those from Europe. The conditions of | In Lahore jail, Das began a hunger strike along with other revolutionary fighters, demanding equality for Indian political prisoners with those from Europe. The conditions of Indian inhabitants of the jails was deplorable. The uniforms that Indian prisoners were required to wear in jail with were not washed for several days, and rats and cockroaches roamed the kitchen area making the food unsafe to eat. Indian prisoners were not provided with any reading material such as newspapers, nor paper to write on. The condition of the British prisoners in the same jail was strikingly different. | ||
Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence activist. Eventually, the jail | Das's hunger strike started on 13 July 1929 and lasted 63 days. The jail authority took measures to forcibly feed him and the other independence activist. Eventually, the jail authority recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail. | ||
Jatin died on 13 September 1929.<ref>[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Suede%20Gray/Currency/P/JATINDRA%20NATH%20DAS ''Indian Post'' article]</ref> [[Durga Bhabhi]] led the funeral procession, which went from Lahore to Calcutta by train. Thousands of people rushed to the railway stations to pay homage to Das. A two-mile long procession in Calcutta carried the coffin to the cremation ground. It was [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], who received the coffin of Das at [[Howrah railway station]] and led the funeral procession to the cremation ground. The hunger strike of Jatin Das in prison was one crucial moment in the resistance against illegal detentions.<ref name=durba>{{cite conference | Jatin died on 13 September 1929.<ref>[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Color/Suede%20Gray/Currency/P/JATINDRA%20NATH%20DAS ''Indian Post'' article]</ref> [[Durga Bhabhi]] led the funeral procession, which went from Lahore to Calcutta by train. Thousands of people rushed to the railway stations to pay homage to Das. A two-mile long procession in Calcutta carried the coffin to the cremation ground. It was [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], who received the coffin of Das at [[Howrah railway station]] and led the funeral procession to the cremation ground. The hunger strike of Jatin Das in prison was one crucial moment in the resistance against illegal detentions.<ref name=durba>{{cite conference | ||
|first=Durba | |first=Durba | ||
|last=Ghosh | |last=Ghosh | ||
|date=4–5 April 2003 | |date=4–5 April 2003 | ||
|title=Britain's Global War on Terrorism:containing political violence and insurgency in the interwar years | |title=Britain's Global War on Terrorism:containing political violence and insurgency in the interwar years | ||
|conference=How Empire Mattered: Imperial Structures and Globalization in the Era of British Imperialism | |conference=How Empire Mattered: Imperial Structures and Globalization in the Era of British Imperialism | ||
|location=Berkeley, CA | |location=Berkeley, CA | ||
|url=http://ias.berkeley.edu/southasia/Ghosh.doc | |url=http://ias.berkeley.edu/southasia/Ghosh.doc | ||
|format=DOC | |format=DOC | ||
|access-date=8 April 2007 | |access-date=8 April 2007 | ||
|url-status=dead | |url-status=dead | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609151220/http://www.ias.berkeley.edu/southasia/Ghosh.doc | |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609151220/http://www.ias.berkeley.edu/southasia/Ghosh.doc | ||
|archive-date= 9 June 2007 | |archive-date= 9 June 2007 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
[[File:Jatin_Das_on_his_death_bed.jpg|thumb|Jatin Das on his death bed]] | |||
[[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 stamp of India]] | [[File:Jatindra Nath Das 1979 stamp of India bw.jpg|thumb|Das on a 1979 stamp of India]] | ||
After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So there are only Bhagat Singh and Dutt who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | After his death, the Viceroy informed London that "Mr Das of the Conspiracy Case, who was on hunger strike, died this afternoon at 1 p.m. Last night, five of the hunger strikers gave up their hunger strike. So there are only Bhagat Singh and Dutt who are on strike."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=Nayar, Kuldip |title=The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC|year=2000|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0700-3}}</ref> | ||
Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". Subhas Chandra Bose described Das as the "young | Tributes were paid by almost every leader in the country. Mohammad Alam and [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest. [[Motilal Nehru]] proposed the adjournment of the Central Assembly as a censure against the inhumanity of the Lahore prisoners. The censure motion was carried by 55 votes against 47. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] said "Another name has been added to the long and splendid roll of Indian martyrs. Let us bow our heads and pray for strength to act to carry on the struggle, however long it may be and whatever consequences, till the victory is ours ". Subhas Chandra Bose described Das as the "young [[Dadhichi]] of India", referring to the well known mythological yogi [[Dadhichi]] who sacrificed his life for the sake of killing a demon. | ||
[[File:The_Tribune_newspaper,_Jatin_Das_passes_away1929.png|thumb|The Tribune newspaper, Jatin Das passes away1929.]] | |||
==Popular culture== | ==Popular culture== | ||
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==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
*{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=May 2009 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=649–681 |jstor=20488099 | *{{cite journal |title=Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=May 2009 |first=Neeti |last=Nair |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=649–681 |jstor=20488099 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x08003491}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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{{Indian independence movement}} | {{Indian independence movement}} | ||
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||