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| governing_body = Archeological Survey of India | | governing_body = Archeological Survey of India | ||
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'''Saptparni Cave''', also referred to as '''Sapta parni guha'''( | '''Saptparni Cave''', also referred to as '''Sapta parni guha''' (Saraiki) or '''sattapaṇṇi guhā''' (Pali), literally Seven-leaves-cave (cognate with sapta, sept), is a Buddhist cave site about {{convert|2|km}} southwest from Rajgir, [[Bihar]], India.<ref name="Gwynne2017"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Jules Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire|title=The Buddha and His Religion|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174994|year=1914|publisher=Trübner |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174994/page/n367 376]–377}}</ref> It is embedded in a hill. The Saptaparni Cave is important in the Buddhist tradition, because many believe it to be the site in which Buddha spent some time before his death,<ref>[http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/1Digha-Nikaya/Digha2/16-mahaparinibbana-e2.html Digha Nikaya 16], Maha-Parinibbana Sutta, Last Days of the Buddha, Buddhist Publication Society</ref> and where the [[first Buddhist council]] was held after [[Buddha]] died ([[paranirvana]]).<ref name="Gwynne2017">{{cite book|author=Paul Gwynne|title=World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sU8nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|date=30 May 2017|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-97228-1|pages=51–52}}</ref><ref name="Jain1991p66">{{cite book|author=Kailash Chand Jain|title=Lord Mahāvīra and His Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-TxcO9dfrcC&pg=PA66|year=1991|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8|page=66}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Chakrabartia|first=Dilip K|title=Rājagriha: An early historic site in East India|journal=World Archaeology|date=1976|volume=7|issue=3|pages=261–268|doi=10.1080/00438243.1976.9979639}}</ref> It is here that a council of few hundred monks decided to appoint Ananda, Buddha's cousin, and Upali, who had accompanied the Buddha when he gave sermons in north India, to compose Buddha's teachings for the future generations. This was of special importance because the Buddha never wrote down his teachings. After the meeting in Saptaparni Cave, Ananda created an [[oral tradition]] of Buddha's teaching from his memory, prefacing it with "[[Thus have I heard|Thus have I heard on one occasion]]". Upali is credited with reciting the ''[[Vinaya]]'' (discipline), or "rules for the [[Bhikkhu|Bhikshus]]".<ref name="Gwynne2017"/> This tradition is found in ''[[Vinaya Pitaka]]'' II.284 through II.287 and ''Digha Nikaya'' II.154.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4|pages=88–89}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Saptaparni cave.jpg|thumb|left|Saptaparni cave entrance.]] | [[File:Saptaparni cave.jpg|thumb|left|Saptaparni cave entrance.]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 03:40, 4 December 2021
| Saptaparni Cave | |
|---|---|
 Saptaparni Cave | |
| Location | Rajgir, Bihar |
| Coordinates | 25°00′26″N 85°24′39″E / 25.007175°N 85.410792°E |
| Governing body | Archeological Survey of India |
  Location of Saptaparni Cave in India  Saptaparni Cave (Bihar) | |
Saptparni Cave, also referred to as Sapta parni guha (Saraiki) or sattapaṇṇi guhā (Pali), literally Seven-leaves-cave (cognate with sapta, sept), is a Buddhist cave site about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest from Rajgir, Bihar, India.[1][2] It is embedded in a hill. The Saptaparni Cave is important in the Buddhist tradition, because many believe it to be the site in which Buddha spent some time before his death,[3] and where the first Buddhist council was held after Buddha died (paranirvana).[1][4][5] It is here that a council of few hundred monks decided to appoint Ananda, Buddha's cousin, and Upali, who had accompanied the Buddha when he gave sermons in north India, to compose Buddha's teachings for the future generations. This was of special importance because the Buddha never wrote down his teachings. After the meeting in Saptaparni Cave, Ananda created an oral tradition of Buddha's teaching from his memory, prefacing it with "Thus have I heard on one occasion". Upali is credited with reciting the Vinaya (discipline), or "rules for the Bhikshus".[1] This tradition is found in Vinaya Pitaka II.284 through II.287 and Digha Nikaya II.154.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Paul Gwynne (30 May 2017). World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction. Wiley. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-1-118-97228-1.
- ↑ Jules Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire (1914). The Buddha and His Religion. Trübner. pp. 376–377.
- ↑ Digha Nikaya 16, Maha-Parinibbana Sutta, Last Days of the Buddha, Buddhist Publication Society
- ↑ Kailash Chand Jain (1991). Lord Mahāvīra and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 66. ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8.
- ↑ Chakrabartia, Dilip K (1976). "Rājagriha: An early historic site in East India". World Archaeology. 7 (3): 261–268. doi:10.1080/00438243.1976.9979639.
- ↑ Peter Harvey (2013). An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN 978-0-521-85942-4.
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