imported>Chandan Guha Major text addition |
>Chandan Guha Subdivision link |
||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Burmu block''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of [[Ranchi district]] in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]]. | '''Burmu block''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] in the [[Ranchi Sadar subdivision]] of [[Ranchi district]] in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]]. | ||
==Maoist activities, dissent== | ==Maoist activities, dissent== | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Burmu CD block had a total population of 89,889, all of which were rural. There were 45,663 (51%) males and 44,226 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 14,044. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 7,036 (7.83 %) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 35,245 (39.21%).<ref name=census2011/> | According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Burmu CD block had a total population of 89,889, all of which were rural. There were 45,663 (51%) males and 44,226 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 14,044. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 7,036 (7.83 %) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 35,245 (39.21%).<ref name=census2011/> | ||
The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in | The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref>The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The [[Kurukh people|Oraons]] forming 18.20% of the population and the [[Munda people|Mundas]] forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and [[Mahli tribe|Mahli]] (1.09).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> | ||
The only large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Burmu CD block is (2011 census figures in brackets): | The only large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Burmu CD block is (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Ginjo Thakurgaon]] (5,862).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B | work = Page 124,130| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}</ref> | ||
===Literacy=== | ===Literacy=== | ||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
===Language and religion=== | ===Language and religion=== | ||
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Nagpuria language|Nagpuria]] was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Hindi]] 528,989 persons (18.15%), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> | According to the ''District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Nagpuria language|Nagpuria]] was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by [[Hindi]] 528,989 persons (18.15%), [[Mundari language|Mundari]] 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}</ref> | ||
According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue'' in the [[2011 Census of India]], 30.23% of the population in the Ranchi district spoke [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 28.08% [[Hindi]], 8.55% [[Urdu]], 7.52% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 7.24% [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], 4.79% [[Santali language|Santali]], 4.70% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 2.51% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.17% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] and 1.17% [[Magahi language|Magahi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> | |||
[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref> | [[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref> | ||
| Line 103: | Line 105: | ||
==Rural poverty== | ==Rural poverty== | ||
60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | accessdate = 1 September 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | accessdate = 1 September 2021}}</ref> | 60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | accessdate = 1 September 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher [[rural poverty]]."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | accessdate = 1 September 2021}}</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| Line 126: | Line 128: | ||
===Agriculture=== | ===Agriculture=== | ||
In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. “With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation.” Terraced low lands are called '' | In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. “With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation.” Terraced low lands are called ''doin'' and the uplands are called ''tanr''. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 11:Forestry and Flora and Fauna, Page12: Soil and Cropping, Land and Land use pattern, tenancy and agriculture, Page 13: Irrigation | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref> | ||
In Burmu CD block, 35.76% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 9.32% was irrigated land.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref> | In Burmu CD block, 35.76% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 9.32% was irrigated land.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:51, 24 September 2021
Burmu | |
|---|---|
Community development block | |
  Burmu Location in Jharkhand, India  Burmu Burmu (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°34′29″N 85°07′53″E / 23.5746°N 85.1315°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| District | Ranchi |
| Government | |
| • Type | Federal democracy |
| Area | |
| • Total | 319.67 km2 (123.43 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 89,889 |
| • Density | 280/km2 (730/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 835214 |
| Telephone/STD code | 06530 |
| Literacy | 64.54% |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Ranchi |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Kanke |
| Website | ranchi |
Burmu block is a community development block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
Maoist activities, dissent
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. As of 2012[update], Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state.[1] “Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level.”[2]
According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on December 8, 2020, “The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.” Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36.[3]
Ranchi being the capital city of the state has always been under minute scrutiny of all.[4]The arrest, from his home in Ranchi on October 9, 2020, by the NIA, of 83-years old Rev. Fr. Stan Swamy, S.J., Jesuit priest and activist, working with tribals for decades, and his subsequent death in custody, in a Mumbai hospital, on 5 July 2021, has been widely discussed.[5][6][7][8]
Geography
Burmu is located at 23°34′29″N 85°07′53″E / 23.5746°N 85.1315°E.
Burmu CD block is located on the Ranchi plateau proper. It has an average elevation of 2,140 feet (650 m) above mean sea level and the land is undulating.[9]
Burmu CD block is bounded by the Barkagaon CD block in Hazaribagh district on the north, Patratu CD block in Ramgarh district and Kanke CD block on the east, Ratu and Mandar CD blocks the south, and Chanho and Khelari CD blocks on the west.[10][11][12]
Burmu CD block has an area of 319.67 km2.[13]Burmu police station serves Burmu CD block.[14] The headquarters of Burmu CD block is located at Burmu village.[15]
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, Burmu CD block had a total population of 89,889, all of which were rural. There were 45,663 (51%) males and 44,226 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 14,044. Scheduled Castes numbered 7,036 (7.83 %) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 35,245 (39.21%).[13]
The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks. [16]The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The Oraons forming 18.20% of the population and the Mundas forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and Mahli (1.09).[17]
The only large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Burmu CD block is (2011 census figures in brackets): Ginjo Thakurgaon (5,862).[18]
Literacy
As of 2011[update] census, the total number of literate persons in Burmu CD block was 48,954 (64.54% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 28,665 (74.41% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 20,289 (54.36% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 20.05%.[13]
As of 2011[update] census, literacy in Ranchi district was 77.13%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[19] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[20]
See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
Template:Literacy in CD Blocks of Ranchi district
Language and religion
According to the District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census, as of 2001, Nagpuria was the mother-tongue of 608,856 persons forming 20.89% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by Hindi 528,989 persons (18.15%), Mundari 432,541 persons (14.84%) and other languages (with no details) 1,343,867 persons (46.11%).[21]
According to the Population by Mother Tongue in the 2011 Census of India, 30.23% of the population in the Ranchi district spoke Sadri, 28.08% Hindi, 8.55% Urdu, 7.52% Kurukh, 7.24% Kurmali, 4.79% Santali, 4.70% Mundari, 2.51% Bengali, 2.17% Bhojpuri and 1.17% Magahi as their first language.[22]
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[23]
According to the District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011 census, Hindus numbered 1,612,239 and formed 55.32% of the population of Ranchi district, followed by Muslims 410,759 (14.09%), Christians 193,974 (6.66%), other religions 685,936 (23.54), religion not stated 11,345 (0.39%).[24]
Rural poverty
60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.[25]In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.[26]According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher rural poverty."[27]
Economy
Livelihood
Livelihood
in Burmu CD block
In Burmu CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,241 and formed 52.12%, agricultural labourers numbered 13,776 and formed 33.80%, household industry workers numbered 845 and formed 2.07% and other workers numbered 4,893 and formed 12.01%. Total workers numbered 40,755 and formed 45.34% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 49,134 and formed 54.66% of the population.[28]
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[29]
Infrastructure
There are 77 inhabited villages in Burmu CD block. In 2011, 43 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 77 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 76 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 18 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 3 villages had telephones (land lines), 34 villages had mobile phone coverage. 58 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 18 villages had bus service (public/ private), 15 villages had autos/ modified autos, 2 villages had taxi/vans, 21 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 13 villages had agricultural credit societies, 2 villages had public library and public reading rooms. 8 villages had public distribution system, 62 villages had assembly polling stations.[30]
Agriculture
In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. “With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation.” Terraced low lands are called doin and the uplands are called tanr. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation.[31]
In Burmu CD block, 35.76% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 9.32% was irrigated land.[32]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
Ranchi district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[33][34]
Education
Burmu CD block had 9 villages with pre-primary schools, 71 villages with primary schools, 38 villages with middle schools, 7 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 1 village with non-formal training centre, 5 villages with no educational facility.[35]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand
Healthcare
Burmu CD block had 7 villages with primary health centres, 18 villages with primary health subcentres, 9 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 8 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.[35]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included
References
- ↑ "Jharkhand Assessment 2013". Satp. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Police Profile Ranchi". Crime Trends – Specially Organised Crime Rural Area. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ "Jharkhand: Dying Embers". India Blooms. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Police Profile - Ranchi". SP’s message and vision. Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ "NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22". The Hindu. 16 March 2021 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ↑ Regi, Anjali (9 October 2020). "Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest". Catholic Focus. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ↑ "Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea". News18. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ↑ "'Distressed, troubled': Ranchi Catholic Church issues statement on Stan Swamy's arrest, demands his release". The Indian Express, 9 October 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Page 9: Administrative Setup, Page 10: Physiography. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "CD block/ Tehsil map of Hazaribagh". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "CD block/ Tehsil map of Ramgarh". Maps of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Police Profile - Ranchi". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Ranchi district on the third page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 124,130. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand". Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011" (PDF). Page 110. Government of India. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 39: Mother tongue of earlier census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue
- ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 39: Religion data of Ranchi district during census 2011. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ↑ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ↑ "Spatial poverty in Jharkhand". Mint. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ↑ "Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data". MPRA. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 23-24. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 595-598, Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 11:Forestry and Flora and Fauna, Page12: Soil and Cropping, Land and Land use pattern, tenancy and agriculture, Page 13: Irrigation. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ↑ "District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ↑ "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ↑ "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 "District Census Handbook Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 595-596. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 3 September 2021.