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{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Short description|Cave in Maharashtra, India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox Cave | {{Infobox Cave | ||
|name = Tulja Lena caves | |name = Tulja Lena caves | ||
|other_name = | |other_name = | ||
|photo = Tulja lena caves group.jpg | |photo = Tulja lena caves group.jpg | ||
|photo_caption = Tulja Lena caves | |photo_caption = Tulja Lena caves | ||
|map=India | |map=India | ||
|relief=yes | |relief=yes | ||
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|entrance_count = | |entrance_count = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Tulja Caves''' ('''Tulja Lena''' | '''Tulja Caves''' ('''Tulja Lena''') are located beyond the [[Shivneri]] hill, about 4 km to the west of [[Junnar]], [[India]].<ref name=AHIR>{{cite book|last=Ahir|first=D. C.|title=Buddhist sites and shrines in India : history, art, and architecture|year=2003|publisher=Sri Satguru Publ.|location=Delhi|isbn=8170307740|page=192|edition=1.}}</ref> Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: [[Manmodi Caves]], [[Shivneri Caves]] and [[Lenyadri|Lenyadri caves]]. | ||
The cave has circular [[Chaitya]] hall surrounded by twelve octagonal pillars around [[Stupa]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|title=The religions of India : a concise guide to nine major faiths|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0143415176|page=177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC | The cave has circular [[Chaitya]] hall surrounded by twelve octagonal pillars around [[Stupa]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|title=The religions of India : a concise guide to nine major faiths|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0143415176|page=177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA177|edition=Rev.}}</ref> These caves are one of the earliest caves of [[Junnar]], excavated around 50 B.C. This [[Buddhist]] [[cave]] group consist of 14 cave. Cave No 4 is used as a temple of goddess [[Tulja Devi]].<ref name=AHIR /> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
The Tulja Lena caves lie in a hill about a mile and a half or two miles north-west from [[Junnar]], beyond the north end of Sivaneri hill. They | The Tulja Lena caves lie in a hill about a mile and a half or two miles north-west from [[Junnar]], beyond the north end of Sivaneri hill. They owe their name to a shrine of [[Tulja Devi]], a form of [[Bhavani]], the consort of [[Shiva]] (see [[Tulja Bhavani Temple]]).<ref name="Fergusson">{{cite book|last1=Fergusson|first1=James|last2=Burgess|first2=James|title=The cave temples of India|date=1880|publisher=London : Allen|url=https://archive.org/stream/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft}}</ref> | ||
The caves run along the face of the cliff nearly from south-east to north-west, facing about south-west, but all the façades have fallen away. They consist of a number of cells and two small [[vihara]]s, with a [[Chaitya]] cave of a form quite unique. It is circular in plan, 25 feet 6 inches across, with a [[Stupa|dagoba]] in the centre, 8 feet 2 inches in diameter, surrounded by twelve plain octagonal shafts 11 feet in height, supporting a dome over the dagoba. The surrounding aisle is roofed by a half arch rising from the wall to the upper side of an architrave 7 or 8 inches deep over the pillars. | The caves run along the face of the cliff nearly from south-east to north-west, facing about south-west, but all the façades have fallen away. They consist of a number of cells and two small [[vihara]]s, with a [[Chaitya]] cave of a form quite unique. It is circular in plan, 25 feet 6 inches across, with a [[Stupa|dagoba]] in the centre, 8 feet 2 inches in diameter, surrounded by twelve plain octagonal shafts 11 feet in height, supporting a dome over the dagoba. The surrounding aisle is roofed by a half arch rising from the wall to the upper side of an architrave 7 or 8 inches deep over the pillars. | ||
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The dagoba is perfectly plain, but its capital has been hewn off to convert it into a huge [[linga]] of [[Shiva]], and even the dome is much hacked into, while some of the pillars have been notched and others broken.<ref name="Fergusson" /> | The dagoba is perfectly plain, but its capital has been hewn off to convert it into a huge [[linga]] of [[Shiva]], and even the dome is much hacked into, while some of the pillars have been notched and others broken.<ref name="Fergusson" /> | ||
In front of this cave and the one on each side of it is a platform built by the modern | In front of this cave and the one on each side of it is a platform built by the modern devotees of Tulja Devi.<ref name="Fergusson" /> | ||
Over the front of one of the cells to the north-east of this are left some Chaitya-window ornamentation, a larger one over where the door has been, the inner arch of which is filled with knotted ribbons etc..., similar to what is over the Chaitya-cave door at the [[Nasik Caves]], while the front of the arch is carved with flowers. On each side of this is a smaller arch; and farther to the left is a dagoba in half relief with the umbrella or [[chhatri]] over it, on each side a [[Gandharva]] or [[Kinnara]] above, and a male figure below, that to | Over the front of one of the cells to the north-east of this are left some Chaitya-window ornamentation, a larger one over where the door has been, the inner arch of which is filled with knotted ribbons etc..., similar to what is over the Chaitya-cave door at the [[Nasik Caves]], while the front of the arch is carved with flowers. On each side of this is a smaller arch; and farther to the left is a dagoba in half relief with the umbrella or [[chhatri]] over it, on each side a [[Gandharva]] or [[Kinnara]] above, and a male figure below, that to | ||
the right attended by a female, but all of them weatherworn. Over all is a projecting frieze carved on front with the "Buddhist rail pattern".<ref name="Fergusson" /> | the right attended by a female, but all of them weatherworn. Over all is a projecting frieze carved on front with the "Buddhist rail pattern".<ref name="Fergusson" /> | ||
[[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya remains.jpg|thumb|left|Remains of the circular Chaitya.|296x296px]]Next to these are two more plain fronts, and then two with Chaitya-window heads over where the doors have been, and smaller ones between, and the "rail ornament" and quadrantal carved roll supported by slender brackets in entire relief, as at the [[Bhaja Caves]].<ref name="Fergusson" />[[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya window decorations.jpg|thumb|Tulja Lena Chaitya window decorations.]][[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya cave plan and elevation.jpg|thumb|Tulja Lena [[Chaitya]], plan and elevation.]] | [[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya remains.jpg|thumb|left|Remains of the circular Chaitya.|296x296px]]Next to these are two more plain fronts, and then two with Chaitya-window heads over where the doors have been, and smaller ones between, and the "rail ornament" and quadrantal carved roll supported by slender brackets in entire relief, as at the [[Bhaja Caves]].<ref name="Fergusson" />[[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya window decorations.jpg|thumb|Tulja Lena Chaitya window decorations.]] [[File:Tulja Lena Chaitya cave plan and elevation.jpg|thumb|Tulja Lena [[Chaitya]], plan and elevation.]] | ||
[[File:Tulja Caves Detailed carvings ( Pratik Butte Patil ).jpg|center|thumb|459x459px|Tulja Caves detailed carvings]] | [[File:Tulja Caves Detailed carvings ( Pratik Butte Patil ).jpg|center|thumb|459x459px|Tulja Caves detailed carvings]] | ||
[[File:Tulja Lena frieze.jpg|thumb|A frieze at Tulja Lena.]] | [[File:Tulja Lena frieze.jpg|thumb|A frieze at Tulja Lena.]] | ||
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| W = Tulja Caves | | W = Tulja Caves | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Indian Buddhist Caves}} | {{Indian Buddhist Caves}} | ||
{{Portal|India}} | |||
{{BuddhasHolySites}} | {{BuddhasHolySites}} | ||
[[Category:Buddhist caves in | [[Category:Buddhist caves in Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:Caves of Maharashtra]] | [[Category:Caves of Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]] | ||
[[Category:Former populated places in India]] | [[Category:Former populated places in India]] | ||
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]] | [[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]] | ||
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[[Category:Buddhist temples in India]] | [[Category:Buddhist temples in India]] | ||
[[Category:Stupas in India]] | [[Category:Stupas in India]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Architecture in India]] | ||
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]] | [[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:55, 23 December 2024
| Tulja Lena caves | |
|---|---|
 Tulja Lena caves | |
  | |
| Location | Junnar |
| Coordinates | 19°12′30″N 73°50′08″E / 19.2083°N 73.8356°E |
| Geology | Basalt |
Tulja Caves (Tulja Lena) are located beyond the Shivneri hill, about 4 km to the west of Junnar, India.[1] Other caves surrounding the city of Junnar are: Manmodi Caves, Shivneri Caves and Lenyadri caves.
The cave has circular Chaitya hall surrounded by twelve octagonal pillars around Stupa.[2] These caves are one of the earliest caves of Junnar, excavated around 50 B.C. This Buddhist cave group consist of 14 cave. Cave No 4 is used as a temple of goddess Tulja Devi.[1]
Description[edit | edit source]
The Tulja Lena caves lie in a hill about a mile and a half or two miles north-west from Junnar, beyond the north end of Sivaneri hill. They owe their name to a shrine of Tulja Devi, a form of Bhavani, the consort of Shiva (see Tulja Bhavani Temple).[3]
The caves run along the face of the cliff nearly from south-east to north-west, facing about south-west, but all the façades have fallen away. They consist of a number of cells and two small viharas, with a Chaitya cave of a form quite unique. It is circular in plan, 25 feet 6 inches across, with a dagoba in the centre, 8 feet 2 inches in diameter, surrounded by twelve plain octagonal shafts 11 feet in height, supporting a dome over the dagoba. The surrounding aisle is roofed by a half arch rising from the wall to the upper side of an architrave 7 or 8 inches deep over the pillars.
.jpg)
The dagoba is perfectly plain, but its capital has been hewn off to convert it into a huge linga of Shiva, and even the dome is much hacked into, while some of the pillars have been notched and others broken.[3]
In front of this cave and the one on each side of it is a platform built by the modern devotees of Tulja Devi.[3]
Over the front of one of the cells to the north-east of this are left some Chaitya-window ornamentation, a larger one over where the door has been, the inner arch of which is filled with knotted ribbons etc..., similar to what is over the Chaitya-cave door at the Nasik Caves, while the front of the arch is carved with flowers. On each side of this is a smaller arch; and farther to the left is a dagoba in half relief with the umbrella or chhatri over it, on each side a Gandharva or Kinnara above, and a male figure below, that to the right attended by a female, but all of them weatherworn. Over all is a projecting frieze carved on front with the "Buddhist rail pattern".[3]
Next to these are two more plain fronts, and then two with Chaitya-window heads over where the doors have been, and smaller ones between, and the "rail ornament" and quadrantal carved roll supported by slender brackets in entire relief, as at the Bhaja Caves.[3]
.jpg)
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ahir, D. C. (2003). Buddhist sites and shrines in India : history, art, and architecture (1. ed.). Delhi: Sri Satguru Publ. p. 192. ISBN 8170307740.
- ↑ Dalal, Roshen (2010). The religions of India : a concise guide to nine major faiths (Rev. ed.). New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-0143415176.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Fergusson, James; Burgess, James (1880). The cave temples of India. London : Allen.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
External links[edit | edit source]
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