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{{ | {{short description|1988 Indian Malayalam-language war film}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=December | {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox film | {{Infobox film | ||
| image = 1921 (1988 film).jpg | |||
| image = 1921 | | caption = Theatrical release poster | ||
| caption = | |||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]] | | director = [[I. V. Sasi]] | ||
| producer = Muhammed Mannil | | producer = Muhammed Mannil | ||
| writer = [[T. Damodaran]] | | writer = [[T. Damodaran]] | ||
| screenplay = | | screenplay = | ||
| story = | | story = | ||
| based_on = | | based_on = | ||
| starring = [[Mammootty]]<br />[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br />[[Suresh Gopi]]<br />[[T. G. Ravi]]<br />[[Seema (actress)|Seema]]<br /> [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] | | starring = [[Mammootty]]<br />[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br />[[Suresh Gopi]]<br />[[T. G. Ravi]]<br />[[Seema (actress)|Seema]]<br /> [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 23: | ||
| country = India | | country = India | ||
| language = Malayalam | | language = Malayalam | ||
| budget = | | budget = {{INR|1.2 crore|link=yes}}<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| gross = | | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|2 crore}}<ref name=":1" /> | ||
}}'''''1921''''' (read as ''Ayirathi Thollayirathi Irupathi Onnu'') is a 1988 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[war film]] written by [[T. Damodaran]] and directed by [[I. V. Sasi]]. The film has an ensemble cast including [[Mammootty]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[T. G. Ravi]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 (1988) |url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622155601/https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Malayala Chalachithram |publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nineteen Twenty One |url=http://spicyonion.com/title/nineteen-twenty-one-malayalam-movie/|url-status= | }}'''''1921''''' (read as ''Ayirathi Thollayirathi Irupathi Onnu'') is a 1988 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[war drama film]] written by [[T. Damodaran]] and directed by [[I. V. Sasi]]. The film has an ensemble cast including [[Mammootty]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[T. G. Ravi]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 (1988) |url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622155601/https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Malayala Chalachithram |publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nineteen Twenty One |url=http://spicyonion.com/title/nineteen-twenty-one-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024164648/http://spicyonion.com/title/nineteen-twenty-one-malayalam-movie/|archive-date=24 October 2014 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Spicy Onion }}</ref> Set during the [[Malabar rebellion|1921–22 Mappila Uprising]] in [[Madras Presidency]], it tells the fictional story of Khader, a [[World War I]] veteran, who joins with the Mappila rebels during the Uprising.<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 (1988) |url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?215|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622160219/https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?215|archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Malayala Sangeetham }}</ref> | ||
Made with a budget of Rs. 12.0 million, ''1921'' was then, the most expensive film in [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=Mathrubhumi|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August | Made with a budget of Rs. 12.0 million, ''1921'' was then, the most expensive film in [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=Mathrubhumi|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sridhar |date=31 December 1988 |title=Celluloid Sultans of Kerala |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19881231-mammootty-and-mohan-lal-emerge-as-unprecedented-superstars-of-malayalam-films-798061-1988-12-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622161311/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19881231-mammootty-and-mohan-lal-emerge-as-unprecedented-superstars-of-malayalam-films-798061-1988-12-31|archive-date=22 June 2020}}</ref> The film was released in Kerala on 19 August 1988 during [[Onam]] festival.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=28 March 2012 |title=T Damodaran cremated with state honours |work=Mathrubhumi|publication-place=Kozhikode |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128072755/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2010 |title=Mammootty – IV Sasi – Damodaran together again |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013164733/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> The film won [[Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=List of Malayalam Films (1988) |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1988.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002193713/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1988.htm|archive-date=2 October 2008 |access-date=27 July 2009 |website=Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/movie-project-on-1921-malabar-rebellion-hero-sparks-row/1875105|title=Movie project on 1921 Malabar rebellion hero sparks row|website=outlookindia.com/}}</ref> | ||
==Plot== | ==Plot== | ||
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==Cast== | ==Cast== | ||
{{Cast listing| | {{Cast listing| | ||
* [[Mammootty]] as Khader | * [[Mammootty]] as retd.[[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] Khader, a former soldier and World War 1 veteran | ||
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as [[Ali Musliyar]] | * [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as [[Ali Musliyar]] | ||
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as Unnikrishnan Nair | * [[Suresh Gopi]] as Unnikrishnan Nair | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Radha Varma | * [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Radha Varma | ||
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Thulasi | * [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Thulasi | ||
* [[M.G. Soman|M. G. Soman]] as | * [[M.G. Soman|M. G. Soman]] as Shekhara Varma (Captain, discharged) | ||
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Haidru or Haidrose | * [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Haidru or Haidrose | ||
* [[Ratheesh|Ratheesh Rajagopal]] as Lavakkutti | * [[Ratheesh|Ratheesh Rajagopal]] as Lavakkutti | ||
* [[Bahadoor]] as Kattilasseri Muhammad Musliyar | * [[Bahadoor]] as Kattilasseri Muhammad Musliyar | ||
* [[Kollam Ajith]] as Kunjalavi | * [[Kollam Ajith]] as Kunjalavi | ||
* [[Tom Alter]] as R. H. Hitchcock Sahib (District | * [[Tom Alter]] as R. H. Hitchcock Sahib (District Superintendent) | ||
* [[K.P. Ummer|K. P. Ummer]] as Amu Sahib (Deputy Superintendent) | * [[K.P. Ummer|K. P. Ummer]] as Amu Sahib (Deputy Superintendent) | ||
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Kandan Kutti/Muhammad | * [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Kandan Kutti/Muhammad | ||
| Line 61: | Line 60: | ||
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Police Inspector Narayana Menon | * [[Kundara Johny]] as Police Inspector Narayana Menon | ||
* [[Bahadoor]] as Mohammed Musliyar | * [[Bahadoor]] as Mohammed Musliyar | ||
* [[Jose]] as Gopy | * [[Jose (actor)|Jose]] as Gopy | ||
* [[Mohan Jose]] | * [[Mohan Jose]] as Hakkim | ||
* [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Kunjithangal | * [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Kunjithangal | ||
* [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] | * [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]] | ||
| Line 68: | Line 67: | ||
* [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] | * [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] | ||
* [[Valsala Menon]] | * [[Valsala Menon]] | ||
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Potti | * [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Ananthan Potti | ||
* [[M. S. Thripunithura]] | * [[M. S. Thripunithura]] as Harinarayanan | ||
* [[C. I. Paul]] as Kunjikkoya Thangal | * [[C. I. Paul]] as Kunjikkoya Thangal | ||
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] | * [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Shivankutty | ||
* [[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]] as Khan Bahudoor Chekkotty Sahib | * [[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]] as Khan Bahudoor Chekkotty Sahib | ||
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Ammukutty | * [[Sabitha Anand]] as Ammukutty | ||
| Line 83: | Line 82: | ||
=== Development === | === Development === | ||
The screenplay was written by physical education teacher-turned-scriptwriter [[T. Damodaran]]. Damodaran had particular focus on writing political dramas, and had collaborated with Sasi in several successful films previously.<ref>P. K. Ajith Kumar. "Malayalam scriptwriter Damodaran dead". [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece] ''The Hindu'' 28 March 2012 [https://archive.today/20181013164848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece]</ref> The film was produced by Muhammed Mannil. Peter Narakkal was the Production Executive. The film's budget was {{INRConvert|12|m}}.<ref name=":0">1921. Directed by I. V. Sasi, Mannil Films, 1988. ''YouTube,'' uploaded by Saina Movies, 28 March 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnrHrjp01bA.</ref><ref name=":1" /> T. Damodaran called the film his "dream project".<ref name=":2" /> [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] was approached by Sasi for a role, but due to date clashes she could not sign the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2017 |title=Remembering the legend |work=Deccan Chronicle |url= | The screenplay was written by physical education teacher-turned-scriptwriter [[T. Damodaran]]. Damodaran had particular focus on writing political dramas, and had collaborated with Sasi in several successful films previously.<ref>P. K. Ajith Kumar. "Malayalam scriptwriter Damodaran dead". [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece] ''The Hindu'' 28 March 2012 [https://archive.today/20181013164848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece]</ref> The film was produced by Muhammed Mannil. Peter Narakkal was the Production Executive. The film's budget was {{INRConvert|12|m}}.<ref name=":0">1921. Directed by I. V. Sasi, Mannil Films, 1988. ''YouTube,'' uploaded by Saina Movies, 28 March 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnrHrjp01bA.</ref><ref name=":1" /> T. Damodaran called the film his "dream project".<ref name=":2" /> [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] was approached by Sasi for a role, but due to date clashes she could not sign the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2017 |title=Remembering the legend |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/251017/remembering-the-legend.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013165035/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/251017/remembering-the-legend.html|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> T. Damodaran in an interview with ''[[India Today]]'' in 1988 said that: "A few years back history could have been told as it was in Malayalam cinema but today I have to weave an actual incident in masala form with a larger than life character for the sake of Mammootty."<ref name=":1" /> | ||
=== Crew === | === Crew === | ||
| Line 94: | Line 93: | ||
"The top dream merchants of the industry see to it that the characters are created according to the diktats of these superstars [<nowiki/>[[Mammootty]] and [[Mohanlal]]]...even history has been tinged with an overdose of fantasy to suit the image of Mammootty [in the film ''1921'']," film critic Sreedhar Pillai wrote in ''India Today''.<ref name=":1" /> | "The top dream merchants of the industry see to it that the characters are created according to the diktats of these superstars [<nowiki/>[[Mammootty]] and [[Mohanlal]]]...even history has been tinged with an overdose of fantasy to suit the image of Mammootty [in the film ''1921'']," film critic Sreedhar Pillai wrote in ''India Today''.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
"''1921'' was shot on a wide canvas with hundreds of actors and required to be dealt with sensitively considering the communal passions that the event evinces in Malabar", wrote the ''Times of India'' in 2017.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Kattakayam |first=Jiby J. |date=25 October 2017 |title=How Kerala will remember IV Sasi's films |work=Times of India |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622161556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|archive-date=22 June | "''1921'' was shot on a wide canvas with hundreds of actors and required to be dealt with sensitively considering the communal passions that the event evinces in Malabar", wrote the ''Times of India'' in 2017.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Kattakayam |first=Jiby J. |date=25 October 2017 |title=How Kerala will remember IV Sasi's films |work=Times of India |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622161556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|archive-date=22 June 2020}}</ref> In a 2017 ''[[The Times of India]]'' article, it was written that ''1921'' "perhaps, remain his [Sasi's] best cinematic work".<ref name=":4" /> | ||
"It [the film] deals with a contentious chapter of our [Indian] Independence struggle, but does it in grand style and high drama. It is also one film that does justice to history. Its representation of the region [South Malabar], the milieu and the historic incident [1921 Uprising] became all the more politically relevant and socially resonant in the next decades [1990s and 2000s] when the [Malayalam] movie images of minorities [Muslims] became biased and parochial.", wrote C. S. Venkiteswaran in ''[[The Hindu]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=26 October 2017 |title=The End of an Epoch |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013165144/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece#selection-2639.1-2639.20|archive-date=13 October | "It [the film] deals with a contentious chapter of our [Indian] Independence struggle, but does it in grand style and high drama. It is also one film that does justice to history. Its representation of the region [South Malabar], the milieu and the historic incident [1921 Uprising] became all the more politically relevant and socially resonant in the next decades [1990s and 2000s] when the [Malayalam] movie images of minorities [Muslims] became biased and parochial.", wrote C. S. Venkiteswaran in ''[[The Hindu]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=26 October 2017 |title=The End of an Epoch |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013165144/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece#selection-2639.1-2639.20|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> | ||
=== Box office === | === Box office === | ||
The film was a commercial success<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August | The film was a commercial success<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mammootty - IV Sasi - Damodaran together again|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207043818/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2017|date=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=C S Venkiteswaran|title=Trendsetting titan|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trendsetting-titan/article9947168.ece/|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 November 2017|language=en-IN|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205647/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trendsetting-titan/article9947168.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> and collected over ₹ 2 crore from the box office and emerged one of the top grossers of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/jun/22/aashiq-prithvi-teams-variamkunnan-caught-in-historic-muddle-2159989.html|title=Aashiq-Prithvi team's 'Variamkunnan' caught in 'historic' muddle|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=22 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IV Sasi: Remembering the director who gave us superstars Mammootty and Mohanlal|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iv-sasi-remembering-director-who-gave-us-superstars-mammootty-and-mohanlal-70700?amp|website=[[The News Minute]]|author=CV Aravind|date=28 October 2017|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205505/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iv-sasi-remembering-director-who-gave-us-superstars-mammootty-and-mohanlal-70700?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the film was not very profitable for the producers of the film due to its high production costs.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/movie-news/1921-malabar-rebellion-once-again-set-to-stir-malayalam-cinema-1.4853129|title=1921 Malabar rebellion once again set to stir Malayalam cinema|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=23 June 2020}}</ref> | ||
== Accolades == | == Accolades == | ||
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==Soundtrack== | ==Soundtrack== | ||
The soundtrack was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]. The lyrics of the songs in the film were adapted from folklore Malayalam poems by poets such as [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]] (19th century). Independent India's "national song" ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', written by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poet [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] (1838–1894), is also featured in the film with vocals by [[K. S. Chithra]]. Other "playback singers" are Naushad and [[Vilayil | The soundtrack was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]. The lyrics of the songs in the film were adapted from folklore Malayalam poems by poets such as [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]] (19th century). Independent India's "national song" ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', written by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poet [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] (1838–1894), is also featured in the film with vocals by [[K. S. Chithra]]. Other "playback singers" are Naushad and [[Vilayil Faseela]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 138: | Line 137: | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
* {{IMDb title | * {{IMDb title}} | ||
{{I. V. Sasi}} | {{I. V. Sasi}} | ||
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam}} | |||
[[Category:1980s historical drama films]] | |||
[[Category:1988 Malayalam-language films]] | |||
[[Category:1980s war drama films]] | |||
[[Category:1988 drama films]] | |||
[[Category:1988 films]] | [[Category:1988 films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1988 Indian films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1988 war films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]] | ||
[[Category:Films set in the 1920s]] | [[Category:Films set in the 1920s]] | ||
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]] | [[Category:Films set in the British Raj]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Films shot in Kannur]] | ||
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]] | [[Category:Films shot in Kerala]] | ||
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]] | |||
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]] | [[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]] | ||
[[Category:Films shot in Thalassery]] | [[Category:Films shot in Thalassery]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Films with screenplays by T. Damodaran]] | ||
[[Category:History of India on film]] | |||
[[Category:History of Kerala on film]] | |||
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]] | |||
[[Category:Indian war drama films]] | [[Category:Indian war drama films]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:21, 4 March 2026
| 1921 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | I. V. Sasi |
| Produced by | Muhammed Mannil |
| Written by | T. Damodaran |
| Starring | Mammootty Madhu Suresh Gopi T. G. Ravi Seema Urvashi |
| Music by | Shyam |
| Cinematography | V. Jayaram |
| Edited by | K. Narayanan |
Production company | Mannil Films |
| Distributed by | Mannil Films |
Release date |
|
Running time | 170 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Budget | ₹1.2 crore[1] |
| Box office | est. ₹2 crore[1] |
1921 (read as Ayirathi Thollayirathi Irupathi Onnu) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language war drama film written by T. Damodaran and directed by I. V. Sasi. The film has an ensemble cast including Mammootty, Madhu, Suresh Gopi, T. G. Ravi, Seema, Urvashi and Mukesh.[2][3] Set during the 1921–22 Mappila Uprising in Madras Presidency, it tells the fictional story of Khader, a World War I veteran, who joins with the Mappila rebels during the Uprising.[4]
Made with a budget of Rs. 12.0 million, 1921 was then, the most expensive film in Malayalam.[5][1] The film was released in Kerala on 19 August 1988 during Onam festival.[6][7] The film won Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value.[8][9]
Plot[edit | edit source]
The film focuses on Mappila bullock cart driver Khader, a retired corporal and World War 1 veteran, and Unni Krishnan, a hardline nationalist revolutionary from a family of upper-caste Hindu Nair landlords. Both men join the brigade of Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji, one of the prominent leaders of the 1921 Malabar rebellion.
The plot gradually introduces a variety of characters, representing the South Malabar society of the 1920s. The film also touches various social dilemmas which led to the 1921 Uprising, the atrocities committed by the British Indian army and the rebels during the events and the eventual collapse of the rebel unity and organization.
Cast[edit | edit source]
- Mammootty as retd.Naik Khader, a former soldier and World War 1 veteran
- Madhu as Ali Musliyar
- Suresh Gopi as Unnikrishnan Nair
- T. G. Ravi as Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji
- Seema as Radha Varma
- Urvashi as Thulasi
- M. G. Soman as Shekhara Varma (Captain, discharged)
- Mukesh as Haidru or Haidrose
- Ratheesh Rajagopal as Lavakkutti
- Bahadoor as Kattilasseri Muhammad Musliyar
- Kollam Ajith as Kunjalavi
- Tom Alter as R. H. Hitchcock Sahib (District Superintendent)
- K. P. Ummer as Amu Sahib (Deputy Superintendent)
- Vijayaraghavan as Kandan Kutti/Muhammad
- Balan K. Nair as Beeran
- Janardhanan as Appunni Nair
- Rohini as Lakshmi
- Parvathy as Aasiya
- Jagannatha Varma as Kunjikuttan Thamburan
- Santhosh as Keshavankutty
- Bheeman Raghu as Abdulla Kutti
- Lalithasree as Maheswari
- Kundara Johny as Police Inspector Narayana Menon
- Bahadoor as Mohammed Musliyar
- Jose as Gopy
- Mohan Jose as Hakkim
- Augustine as Kunjithangal
- Raghavan
- Vincent as Ahammed
- Kaviyoor Ponnamma
- Valsala Menon
- Kunchan as Ananthan Potti
- M. S. Thripunithura as Harinarayanan
- C. I. Paul as Kunjikkoya Thangal
- Kuthiravattam Pappu as Shivankutty
- G. K. Pillai as Khan Bahudoor Chekkotty Sahib
- Sabitha Anand as Ammukutty
- Santha Devi as Beevathu
- Ravi Menon as Chinnanunni
- Shivaji as Ravunni Menon
Production[edit | edit source]
Development[edit | edit source]
The screenplay was written by physical education teacher-turned-scriptwriter T. Damodaran. Damodaran had particular focus on writing political dramas, and had collaborated with Sasi in several successful films previously.[10] The film was produced by Muhammed Mannil. Peter Narakkal was the Production Executive. The film's budget was ₹12 million (US$170,000).[11][1] T. Damodaran called the film his "dream project".[6] Ranjini was approached by Sasi for a role, but due to date clashes she could not sign the film.[12] T. Damodaran in an interview with India Today in 1988 said that: "A few years back history could have been told as it was in Malayalam cinema but today I have to weave an actual incident in masala form with a larger than life character for the sake of Mammootty."[1]
Crew[edit | edit source]
Anil worked as the associate director for the film. Jomon, M. A. Venugopal and Shajoon Kariyal were the assistant directors while M. Sankar oversaw "Action", K. Narayanan was the editor, V. Jayaram was the cinematographer. Sasi "T. V." Mohan was the Production Designer while I. V. Satheesh Babu was the Art director. The set was done by B. R. Rangan and Narayanan. M. O. Devasia did the Makeup, M. M. Kumar was the costumer. Recording and re-recording were carried out by Selvaraj. G. Rajan.[11]
Release[edit | edit source]
The film was publicised by "Gayathri" and was distributed by Mannil Films.[11]
Critical response[edit | edit source]
"The top dream merchants of the industry see to it that the characters are created according to the diktats of these superstars [Mammootty and Mohanlal]...even history has been tinged with an overdose of fantasy to suit the image of Mammootty [in the film 1921]," film critic Sreedhar Pillai wrote in India Today.[1]
"1921 was shot on a wide canvas with hundreds of actors and required to be dealt with sensitively considering the communal passions that the event evinces in Malabar", wrote the Times of India in 2017.[13] In a 2017 The Times of India article, it was written that 1921 "perhaps, remain his [Sasi's] best cinematic work".[13]
"It [the film] deals with a contentious chapter of our [Indian] Independence struggle, but does it in grand style and high drama. It is also one film that does justice to history. Its representation of the region [South Malabar], the milieu and the historic incident [1921 Uprising] became all the more politically relevant and socially resonant in the next decades [1990s and 2000s] when the [Malayalam] movie images of minorities [Muslims] became biased and parochial.", wrote C. S. Venkiteswaran in The Hindu in 2017.[14]
Box office[edit | edit source]
The film was a commercial success[15][16][17] and collected over ₹ 2 crore from the box office and emerged one of the top grossers of the year.[18][19] However, the film was not very profitable for the producers of the film due to its high production costs.[1][20]
Accolades[edit | edit source]
The film won:
- Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value in 1988.[8]
- The film received Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam won by Mohammad Mannil (1988)[21]
Soundtrack[edit | edit source]
The soundtrack was composed by Shyam. The lyrics of the songs in the film were adapted from folklore Malayalam poems by poets such as Moyinkutty Vaidyar (19th century). Independent India's "national song" Vande Mataram, written by Bengali poet Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (1838–1894), is also featured in the film with vocals by K. S. Chithra. Other "playback singers" are Naushad and Vilayil Faseela.
| Song | Playback singer | Lyrics |
|---|---|---|
| "Manathu Maaran" | Noushad | Moyinkutty Vaidyar |
| "Dheerasameere Yamunatheere" | K. S. Chithra | traditional poem |
| "Muthunava Rathnamukham" | Noushad | Moyinkutty Vaidyar |
| "Firdausil Adukkumpol" | Noushad and Vilayil Fazila | P. Abdul Khader |
| "Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit) | K. S. Chithra | Bankim Chandra Chatterjee |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pillai, Sridhar (31 December 1988). "Celluloid Sultans of Kerala". India Today. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020.
- ↑ "1921 (1988)". Malayala Chalachithram. malayalachalachithram.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ↑ "Nineteen Twenty One". Spicy Onion. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ↑ "1921 (1988)". Malayala Sangeetham. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ↑ "Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away". Mathrubhumi. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "T Damodaran cremated with state honours". Mathrubhumi. Kozhikode. 28 March 2012.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Mammootty – IV Sasi – Damodaran together again". The New Indian Express. 23 April 2010.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ 8.0 8.1 "List of Malayalam Films (1988)". Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
- ↑ "Movie project on 1921 Malabar rebellion hero sparks row". outlookindia.com/.
- ↑ P. K. Ajith Kumar. "Malayalam scriptwriter Damodaran dead". [1] The Hindu 28 March 2012 [2]
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 1921. Directed by I. V. Sasi, Mannil Films, 1988. YouTube, uploaded by Saina Movies, 28 March 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnrHrjp01bA.
- ↑ "Remembering the legend". Deccan Chronicle. 25 October 2017.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kattakayam, Jiby J. (25 October 2017). "How Kerala will remember IV Sasi's films". Times of India. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ↑ Venkiteswaran, C. S. (26 October 2017). "The End of an Epoch". The Hindu.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away". Mathrubhumi. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- ↑ "Mammootty - IV Sasi - Damodaran together again". The New Indian Express. 23 April 2010. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017.
- ↑ C S Venkiteswaran (8 November 2017). "Trendsetting titan". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ "Aashiq-Prithvi team's 'Variamkunnan' caught in 'historic' muddle". The New Indian Express. 22 June 2020.
- ↑ CV Aravind (28 October 2017). "IV Sasi: Remembering the director who gave us superstars Mammootty and Mohanlal". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
- ↑ "1921 Malabar rebellion once again set to stir Malayalam cinema". Mathrubhumi. 23 June 2020.
- ↑ "Vidura". 1989.