1993 Latur earthquake: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by Quake1234
Last edited March 10, 2026
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
MetaBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,816 edits
m robot: added template for meta tags
Navi guy (talk | contribs)
24 edits
m Article updated with improved flow
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|1993 earthquake centered in Maharashtra State, India}}
{{Short description|Earthquake centered in Maharashtra State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox earthquake
{{Infobox earthquake
| title = 1993 Latur earthquake
| title = 1993 Latur earthquake
Line 8: Line 8:
| anss-url = usp000618c
| anss-url = usp000618c
| isc-event = 210578
| isc-event = 210578
| local-date = {{start-date|30 September 1993|30 September 1993}}
| local-date = {{start date text|30 September 1993|30 September 1993}}
| local-time = 03:56
| local-time = 03:56
| map2 = {{location map | India Maharashtra#India
| map2 = {{location map | India Maharashtra#India
Line 16: Line 16:
  |long = 76.62
  |long = 76.62
  |mark = Bullseye1.png
  |mark = Bullseye1.png
  |marksize = 40
  |marksize = 50
  |caption =
  |caption =
  |float = right
  |float = right
  |width = 250}}
  |width = 260}}
| magnitude = 6.2 {{M|w|link=y}} <ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| magnitude = 6.2 {{M|w|link=y}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/><br>6.3 {{M|s|link=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Event: MAHARASHTRA, INDIA|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5364|publisher=National Geophysical Data Center}}</ref>
| depth = {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} <ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| depth = {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| location = {{coord|18.07|76.62|display=inline, title}} <ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| location = {{coord|18.07|76.62|display=inline, title}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Reverse]]<ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
| type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Reverse]]<ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
| countries affected = India
| countries affected = India
| damages = [[United States dollar|$]]280 million–1.3 billion <ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
| damages = [[United States dollar|$]]280 million–1.3 billion<ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
| intensity = {{MMI|8}} <ref name=NGDC/>
| intensity = {{MMI|8}} <ref name=NGDC/><br><br>{{MSK-64|8}} <ref name="Gupta">{{cite journal |author1=Harsh Gupta |author2=Bal Krishna Rastogi |title=An investigation into the Latur earthquake of September 29, 1993 in southern India |journal=[[Tectonophysics (journal)|Tectonophysics]] |year=1998 |volume=287 |issue=1 |pages=299–318 |doi=10.1016/S0040-1951(98)80075-9 |bibcode=1998Tectp.287..299G |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223484497}}</ref>
| casualties = 9,748 dead <ref name=PAGER-CAT/> <br> 30,000 injured <ref name=PAGER-CAT/>
| casualties = 9,748 dead<ref name=PAGER-CAT/> <br> 30,000 injured<ref name=PAGER-CAT/><br />1 million displaced<ref name="Overview">{{cite web|title=overview of the maharashtra, india emergency earthquake rehabilitation program|url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/2290.pdf|website=iitk.ac.in|access-date=15 March 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308055437/https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/2290.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2022 }}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''1993 Latur earthquake''' struck [[India]] at 3:56 am local time ([[UTC+05:30]]) on 30 September. The main area affected was [[Maharashtra]] State in [[Western India]]. The [[earthquake]] primarily affected the districts of [[Latur]] and [[Osmanabad]], including the Ausa block of Latur and Omerga of Osmanabad.<ref name="Earth Quake">{{cite web|title=Earth Quake|url=http://latur.nic.in/html/earthquake.htm|accessdate=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209043831/http://latur.nic.in/html/earthquake.htm|archive-date=9 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fifty-two villages were demolished in the [[intraplate earthquake]]. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale, and approximately 10,000 people died, whilst another 30,000 were injured. The earthquake's [[hypocenter]] was around 10&nbsp;km deep – relatively shallow – allowing shock waves to cause more damage.
The '''1993 Latur earthquake''' struck [[India]] at 3:56 am local time ([[UTC+05:30]]) on 30 September. The main area affected were the districts of [[Latur]] and [[Dharashiv district|Osmanabad]], including the Ausa block of Latur and Omerga of Osmanabad in [[Maharashtra]], [[Western India]].<ref name="Earth Quake">{{cite web|title=Earth Quake|url=http://latur.nic.in/html/earthquake.htm|access-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209043831/http://latur.nic.in/html/earthquake.htm|archive-date=9 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fifty-two villages were demolished in the [[intraplate earthquake]]. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale, and approximately 10,000 people died,<ref name="latur ref1">{{cite news |last1=Somasekhar |first1=M. |title=26 years on, the Latur quake has taught us many lessons |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/26-years-on-the-latur-quake-has-taught-us-many-lessons/article29559392.ece |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Business Line|location=Chennai |date=1 October 2019}}</ref> whilst another 30,000 were injured. The earthquake's [[hypocenter]] was around 10&nbsp;km deep – relatively shallow – allowing shock waves to cause more damage. It is considered the deadliest earthquake in the stable [[continental crust]] to have occurred in recorded history.<ref name=NGDC/>


Because the location does not lie on a plate boundary, there was some debate as to what caused the earthquake. The Indian sub-continent crumples as it pushes against [[Asia]] and pressure is released. It is possible that this pressure is released along fault lines. Another argument is that reservoir construction along the [[Latur District|Terna]]<!-- ?? --> was responsible for increasing pressure on fault lines. [[Killari]], where the epicenter of the quake is believed to have been, had a large crater, which remains in place to date.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAH-MAR-killari-earthquake-22-years-5127947-NOR.html|title=PHOTOS : किल्लारी भूकंप, २३ वर्षांनंतरही जखमा अजून ओल्‍या|work=divyamarathi|access-date=13 September 2018|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/maharashtras-deadliest-earthquake-265569-2015-09-30|title=Maharashtra's deadliest earthquake: Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>
Because the location does not lie on a plate boundary, there was some debate as to what caused the earthquake. The Indian sub-continent crumples as it pushes against [[Asia]] and pressure is released. It is possible that this pressure is released along fault lines. Another argument is that reservoir construction along the [[Terna River|Terna]] was responsible for increasing pressure on fault lines. Killari,<ref name="latur ref2">{{cite news |title=Latur earthquake 1993: September 30, a 'black day' for quake survivors in Maharashtra's Killari village – The Financial Express |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/latur-earthquake-1993-september-30-a-black-day-for-quake-survivors-in-maharashtras-killari-village/1327317/ |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=The Financial Express |date=26 September 2018}}</ref> where the epicenter of the quake is believed to have been, had a large crater, which remains in place to date.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/MAH-MAR-killari-earthquake-22-years-5127947-NOR.html|title=PHOTOS : किल्लारी भूकंप, २३ वर्षांनंतरही जखमा अजून ओल्‍या|work=divyamarathi|access-date=13 September 2018|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/maharashtras-deadliest-earthquake-265569-2015-09-30|title=Maharashtra's deadliest earthquake: Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake|website=India Today|date=30 September 2015 |access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>


==Relief efforts==
==Background and geology==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2016}}
The Latur area, and indeed peninsular India where it is located, was previously considered having the least possibility of seismic activity. Prior to 1967 there had been only three recorded notable earthquakes in peninsular India. The Koyna earthquake, a few hundred miles west of Latur in 1967 was the most recent one.<ref>Gupta, H. K., Mohan, I., Rastogi, B. K., Rao, M. N., & Rao, C. V. R. (1993). A quick look at the Latur earthquake of 30 September 1993. Current Science, 65(7), 517–521. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24095866</ref> Latur area is near the eastern end of [[Deccan Traps]] formed by [[flood basalt]]. The basalt flows in the area are estimated to be 450 meters thick with the terrain generally flat.<ref>Rajendran, C. P., Rajendran, K., Unnikrishnan, K. R., & John, B. (1996). Palaeoseismic indicators in the rupture zone of the 1993 Killari (Latur) earthquake. Current Science, 70(5), 385–390. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24097438</ref>


Several foreign and local donors reacted immediately to the tragedy by sending relief teams and rescue workers. Physicians and staff from Railway Hospital, Solapur and V.M. Medical College, Solapur were amongst the first to reach the site and assisted with treatment of the injured over the next several weeks. The first convoy of over 120 trucks laden with relief material such as tents, blankets, food and clothing, medical supplies and temporary shelters given by international donors departed from Mumbai at around 10am on 2 October 1993. 42nd battalion of MIL, The Indian Army, State Reserve Police Force, Central Reserve Police Force and other law enforcement agencies rushed their personnel almost immediately after the quake, assuming there would be a greater number of casualties.
==Impact==
The earthquake struck at 03:56 AM local time, when many residents were still celebrating a religious holiday. In Latur District, 817 of its 936 villages were affected; 374 villages were damaged in Osmanabad District.<ref name="Comfort95">{{cite book |last1=Comfort |first1=Louise K. |title=Self organization in disaster response and recovery: The Maharashtra, India Earthquake of September 30, 1993 |date=1 January 1995 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/154457711.pdf |publisher=Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado}}</ref> Fifty-two villages were levelled.<ref name="latur ref3" /> Estimates of the death toll range from 7,582 to over 11,000. In Killari, more than 1,200 people died and at least 2,847 homes were razed.<ref name="Comfort95" /> Within the epicenter area, nearly all livestock were destroyed. The scale of death and destruction was considered disproportionately large for the moderate earthquake magnitude. Poor construction methods and rainy weather which preceded the earthquake contributed to the destruction.<ref name="Kaul94">{{cite journal |last1=Kaul |first1=Ravi |title=Latur Earthquake |journal=World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues |date=1994 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=55–57 |publisher=Kapur Surya Foundation}}</ref><ref name="latur ref4">{{cite news |title=Only 3,500 Latur earthquake victims got jobs in 27 years: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/only-3-500-latur-earthquake-victims-got-jobs-in-27-years-report/story-KjTPBb2xsr51lD5wejB53N.html |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="latur ref5">{{cite news |last1=Aggarwal |first1=Arshi |title=Killari quake: 25 years on, survivors still recovering from quake which killed 10,000 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-killari-quake-25-years-on-survivors-still-recovering-from-quake-which-killed-10-000-466850 |access-date=20 October 2021 |publisher=indiatvnews. |date=30 September 2018}}</ref>


=== Amateur radio role ===
==Relief efforts==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2016}}
Several foreign and local donors reacted immediately to the tragedy by sending relief teams and rescue workers.<ref name="latur ref3">{{cite news |title=Maharashtra's deadliest earthquake: Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/maharashtras-deadliest-earthquake-265569-2015-09-30 |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=India Today |date=30 September 2015}}</ref> Physicians and staff from Railway Hospital, Solapur and V.M. Medical College, [[Solapur]] were amongst the first to reach the site and assisted with treatment of the injured over the next several weeks. The first convoy of over 120 trucks laden with relief material such as tents, blankets, food and clothing, medical supplies and temporary shelters given by international donors<ref name="latur ref3" /> departed from [[Mumbai]] at around 10am on 2 October 1993. 42nd battalion of MIL, The [[Indian Army]], State Reserve Police Force, [[Central Reserve Police Force]] and other law enforcement agencies and volunteer organizations like Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) rushed their personnel almost immediately after the quake,<ref name="latur ref3" /> assuming there would be a greater number of casualties.
 
Among the first to respond were [[amateur radio]] operators from [[Mumbai]] and [[Hyderabad]], who had rushed to [[Omerga]], a town near Latur from where all quake-hit areas could be accessed by road. The Mumbai-based JNA Wireless Association undertook a special mission. With four-wheel drive vehicles given for the purpose by [[Mahindra and Mahindra]], a group of eight Mumbai-based [[radio hams]] escorted the supplies convoy from Mumbai to Omerga. Later, the radio operators split into four groups and visited scores of ravaged villages, relaying vital information – such as possible outbreak of disease, food supply and devastation – to a control station set up in Omerga. During the 10-and-a-half-day trip, these radio hams successfully assisted disaster mitigation efforts undertaken by the Indian government and private aid agencies.
For victims help came from whole world and many nations. Indian land lords also made intensive efforts in giving donation and help. Madhavrao Scindia had made highest donation in all over India for rescue and help to victim people.


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[List of earthquakes in 1993]]
*[[List of earthquakes in India]]
*[[Geology of Maharashtra]]
*[[Nanded earthquakes]]
*[[Nanded earthquakes]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<references>
<ref name=ISC-GEM>{{citation|title=ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012)|url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php|author=ISC|year=2016|publisher=[[International Seismological Centre]]|series=Version 3.0}}</ref>
<ref name=ISC-GEM>{{citation|title=ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012)|url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php|author=ISC|year=2016|publisher=[[International Seismological Centre]]|series=Version 3.0}}</ref>
<ref name=NGDC>{{citation|title=Significant Earthquake Database|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1|author=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS)|publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K|year=1972}}</ref>
<ref name=NGDC>{{citation|title=Significant Earthquake Database|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 September 2006|author=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS)|publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K|year=1972}}</ref>
<ref name=PAGER-CAT>{{citation|title=PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/|author=USGS|date=4 September 2009|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|series=Version 2008_06.1}}</ref>
<ref name=PAGER-CAT>{{citation|title=PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/|date=4 September 2009|publisher=United States Geological Survey|series=Version 2008_06.1}}</ref>
}}
</references>


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Baumbach, M. & Grosser, Helmut & Schmidt, H. & Paulat, A. & Rietbrock, Andreas & Rao, C. & Raju, P. & Sarkar, D. & Mohan, Indra. (1994). Study of the Foreshocks and Aftershocks of the Intraplate Latur Earthquake of September 30, 1993, India.  
* Baumbach, M. & Grosser, Helmut & Schmidt, H. & Paulat, A. & Rietbrock, Andreas & Rao, C. & Raju, P. & Sarkar, D. & Mohan, Indra. (1994). Study of the Foreshocks and Aftershocks of the Intraplate Latur Earthquake of 30 September 1993, India.  
* {{cite journal | last=Gupta | first=Harsh K. | last2=Rastogi | first2=B.K. | last3=Mohan | first3=Indra | last4=Rao | first4=C.V.R.K. | last5=Sarma | first5=S.V.S. | last6=Rao | first6=R.U.M. | title=An investigation into the Latur earthquake of September 29, 1993 in southern India | journal=Tectonophysics | volume=287 | issue=1-4 | year=1998 | issn=0040-1951 | doi=10.1016/s0040-1951(98)80075-9 | pages=299–318}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Gupta | first1=Harsh K. | last2=Rastogi | first2=B.K. | last3=Mohan | first3=Indra | last4=Rao | first4=C.V.R.K. | last5=Sarma | first5=S.V.S. | last6=Rao | first6=R.U.M. | title=An investigation into the Latur earthquake of September 29, 1993 in southern India | journal=Tectonophysics | volume=287 | issue=1–4 | year=1998 | issn=0040-1951 | doi=10.1016/s0040-1951(98)80075-9 | pages=299–318| bibcode=1998Tectp.287..299G }}
* {{cite journal | last=Gupta | first=H. K. | authorlink=Harsh Gupta | title=The Deadly Latur Earthquake | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | volume=262 | issue=5140 | date=1993-12-10 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.262.5140.1666 | pages=1666–1667X | jstor=2885075}}
* {{cite journal | last=Gupta | first=H. K. | author-link=Harsh Gupta | title=The Deadly Latur Earthquake | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | volume=262 | issue=5140 | date=10 December 1993 | issn=0036-8075 | doi=10.1126/science.262.5140.1666 | pages=1666–1667X | jstor=2885075| pmid=17781784 | bibcode=1993Sci...262.1666G }}
* {{cite journal | last=Parasuraman | first=S. | title=The Impact of the 1993 Latur-Osmanabad (Maharashtra) Earthquake on Lives, Livelihoods and Property | journal=Disasters | volume=19 | issue=2 | year=1995 | issn=0361-3666 | doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00366.x | pages=156–169}}
* {{cite journal | last=Parasuraman | first=S. | title=The Impact of the 1993 Latur-Osmanabad (Maharashtra) Earthquake on Lives, Livelihoods and Property | journal=Disasters | volume=19 | issue=2 | year=1995 | issn=0361-3666 | doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00366.x | pages=156–169| pmid=7600058 | bibcode=1995Disas..19..156P }}
* {{cite journal | last=Rajendran | first=C. P. | last2=Rajendran | authorlink1=C. P. Rajendran | first2=Kusala | last3=John | first3=Biju | title=The 1993 Killari (Latur), central India, earthquake: An example of fault reactivation in the Precambrian crust | journal=Geology | volume=24 | issue=7 | year=1996 | issn=0091-7613 | doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0651:tklcie>2.3.co;2 | page=651}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Rajendran | first1=C. P. | last2=Rajendran | author-link1=C. P. Rajendran | first2=Kusala | last3=John | first3=Biju | title=The 1993 Killari (Latur), central India, earthquake: An example of fault reactivation in the Precambrian crust | journal=Geology | volume=24 | issue=7 | year=1996 | issn=0091-7613 | doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0651:tklcie>2.3.co;2 | page=651| bibcode=1996Geo....24..651R }}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 70: Line 72:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Latur}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Latur}}
 
[[Category:1993 in India]]
{{#seo:
|keywords=1993 earthquakes, History of Maharashtra (1947–present), History of Latur, 1993 disasters in India, Rao administration
|description=
}}
 
[[Category:1993 earthquakes]]
[[Category:1993 earthquakes]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Maharashtra|1993 Latur]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Maharashtra|1993 Latur]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra (1947–present)]]
[[Category:History of Latur]]
[[Category:History of Latur]]
[[Category:September 1993 in India]]
[[Category:1993 disasters in India]]
[[Category:1993 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Rao administration]]
[[Category:Rao administration]]

Latest revision as of 21:20, 10 March 2026


1993 Latur earthquake
1993 Latur earthquake is located in India
1993 Latur earthquake
UTC time1993-09-29 22:25:48
ISC event210578
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateTemplate:Start date text
Local time03:56
Magnitude6.2 Mw[1]
6.3 Ms[2]
Depth10 km (6.2 mi)[1]
Epicenter18°04′N 76°37′E / 18.07°N 76.62°E / 18.07; 76.62[1]
TypeReverse[3]
Areas affectedIndia
Total damage$280 million–1.3 billion[3]
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [4]

Template:MSK-64 [5]
Casualties9,748 dead[3]
30,000 injured[3]
1 million displaced[6]

The 1993 Latur earthquake struck India at 3:56 am local time (UTC+05:30) on 30 September. The main area affected were the districts of Latur and Osmanabad, including the Ausa block of Latur and Omerga of Osmanabad in Maharashtra, Western India.[7] Fifty-two villages were demolished in the intraplate earthquake. It measured 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale, and approximately 10,000 people died,[8] whilst another 30,000 were injured. The earthquake's hypocenter was around 10 km deep – relatively shallow – allowing shock waves to cause more damage. It is considered the deadliest earthquake in the stable continental crust to have occurred in recorded history.[4]

Because the location does not lie on a plate boundary, there was some debate as to what caused the earthquake. The Indian sub-continent crumples as it pushes against Asia and pressure is released. It is possible that this pressure is released along fault lines. Another argument is that reservoir construction along the Terna was responsible for increasing pressure on fault lines. Killari,[9] where the epicenter of the quake is believed to have been, had a large crater, which remains in place to date.[10][11]

Background and geology[edit | edit source]

The Latur area, and indeed peninsular India where it is located, was previously considered having the least possibility of seismic activity. Prior to 1967 there had been only three recorded notable earthquakes in peninsular India. The Koyna earthquake, a few hundred miles west of Latur in 1967 was the most recent one.[12] Latur area is near the eastern end of Deccan Traps formed by flood basalt. The basalt flows in the area are estimated to be 450 meters thick with the terrain generally flat.[13]

Impact[edit | edit source]

The earthquake struck at 03:56 AM local time, when many residents were still celebrating a religious holiday. In Latur District, 817 of its 936 villages were affected; 374 villages were damaged in Osmanabad District.[14] Fifty-two villages were levelled.[15] Estimates of the death toll range from 7,582 to over 11,000. In Killari, more than 1,200 people died and at least 2,847 homes were razed.[14] Within the epicenter area, nearly all livestock were destroyed. The scale of death and destruction was considered disproportionately large for the moderate earthquake magnitude. Poor construction methods and rainy weather which preceded the earthquake contributed to the destruction.[16][17][18]

Relief efforts[edit | edit source]

Several foreign and local donors reacted immediately to the tragedy by sending relief teams and rescue workers.[15] Physicians and staff from Railway Hospital, Solapur and V.M. Medical College, Solapur were amongst the first to reach the site and assisted with treatment of the injured over the next several weeks. The first convoy of over 120 trucks laden with relief material such as tents, blankets, food and clothing, medical supplies and temporary shelters given by international donors[15] departed from Mumbai at around 10am on 2 October 1993. 42nd battalion of MIL, The Indian Army, State Reserve Police Force, Central Reserve Police Force and other law enforcement agencies and volunteer organizations like Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) rushed their personnel almost immediately after the quake,[15] assuming there would be a greater number of casualties.

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ISC (2016), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012), Version 3.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. ↑ "Event: MAHARASHTRA, INDIA". National Geophysical Data Center.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, 4 September 2009
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K, archived from the original on 29 September 2006
  5. ↑ Harsh Gupta; Bal Krishna Rastogi (1998). "An investigation into the Latur earthquake of September 29, 1993 in southern India". Tectonophysics. 287 (1): 299–318. Bibcode:1998Tectp.287..299G. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(98)80075-9.
  6. ↑ "overview of the maharashtra, india emergency earthquake rehabilitation program" (PDF). iitk.ac.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  7. ↑ "Earth Quake". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  8. ↑ Somasekhar, M. (1 October 2019). "26 years on, the Latur quake has taught us many lessons". Business Line. Chennai. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  9. ↑ "Latur earthquake 1993: September 30, a 'black day' for quake survivors in Maharashtra's Killari village – The Financial Express". The Financial Express. 26 September 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  10. ↑ "PHOTOS : किल्लारी भूकंप, २३ वर्षांनंतरही जखमा अजून ओल्‍या". divyamarathi (in मराठी). Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  11. ↑ "Maharashtra's deadliest earthquake: Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake". India Today. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  12. ↑ Gupta, H. K., Mohan, I., Rastogi, B. K., Rao, M. N., & Rao, C. V. R. (1993). A quick look at the Latur earthquake of 30 September 1993. Current Science, 65(7), 517–521. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24095866
  13. ↑ Rajendran, C. P., Rajendran, K., Unnikrishnan, K. R., & John, B. (1996). Palaeoseismic indicators in the rupture zone of the 1993 Killari (Latur) earthquake. Current Science, 70(5), 385–390. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24097438
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Comfort, Louise K. (1 January 1995). Self organization in disaster response and recovery: The Maharashtra, India Earthquake of September 30, 1993 (PDF). Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Maharashtra's deadliest earthquake: Some facts you must know about the Latur earthquake". India Today. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  16. ↑ Kaul, Ravi (1994). "Latur Earthquake". World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues. 3 (1). Kapur Surya Foundation: 55–57.
  17. ↑ "Only 3,500 Latur earthquake victims got jobs in 27 years: Report". Hindustan Times. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  18. ↑ Aggarwal, Arshi (30 September 2018). "Killari quake: 25 years on, survivors still recovering from quake which killed 10,000". indiatvnews. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Earthquakes in 1993

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1993_Latur_earthquake&oldid=450764"
Discover more